股浅静脉瓣膜包窄术

目的分析下肢深静脉瓣膜修复成形术治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的临床疗效。方法对下肢原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全并大隐静脉曲张32例 ,共36条肢体行股浅静脉瓣膜包窄术 ,并利用双向彩超和流速剖面图彩超等方法对疗效进行分析。结果随访率100 % ,时间2～22个月 ,全组病例小腿酸胀沉重感消失 ,无一例出现下肢肿胀 ,6条肢体溃疡愈合 ,35条肢体术后瓣膜功能恢复正常 ,1条肢体术后瓣膜功能接近正常 ,全组病例术后静脉返流量均值比术前明显减少(P<0 .01)。结论股浅静脉瓣膜包窄术应成为治疗股深静脉瓣膜功能不全所致下肢血液逆流的标准术式。     

带瓣臂静脉段自体移植治疗下肢深静脉功能不全

为了解决下肢探静脉瓣膜功能不全而引起的下肢病变．作用上肢正常的带瓣臂静脉移植于下肢股静脉第一个瓣膜下1cm处。全组共11例，13条病肢．术后除1条病肢仍有轻度肿胀外，其余12条肢体均痊愈。该手术方法简单，适合于基层医院推广。     

下肢深静脉瓣膜的形态和分布

解剖了成人成对的100侧下肢深静脉主干和36侧小腿深静脉的瓣膜。深静脉瓣膜可分为大、小二种类型。大瓣中以双叶瓣居多数(98.20%),单叶瓣和三叶瓣很少。静脉主干的瓣膜数平均7.23个,主要分布于股、腘静脉中(83.14%),以位于股深静脉口远侧处的一个最恒定,在离股深静脉口0～3cm范围内,89.00%肢体具有1～2个瓣膜。统计了静脉各段的瓣膜数,以及主干内各瓣膜至主要属支口的距离,以适应静脉造影时确定瓣膜位置的需要。双叶瓣可附着在静脉的前、后或左、右壁上,而以前者最多见(81.83%)。36侧小腿深静脉瓣膜数的平均值依次为:胫前静脉内侧支9.63个,外侧支8.97个:胫后静脉内侧支7.00个,外侧支6.86个;腓静脉内侧支6.23个,外侧支6.37个。下肢静脉瓣膜总数平均值为52.29个。     

下肢顺行深静脉造影的配合及护理

下肢顺行深静脉造影是临床上常用的影像学检查方法,通过造影可以了解深静脉内有无血栓、深静脉瓣膜功能及交通支功能。对下肢深静脉病变的诊断及浅静脉的手术提供可靠依据。本文1999年～2000年应用日本产800毫安导进摇篮X光机,对39例患者共47条下肢进行深静脉造影。现将造影的护理总结如下: 一、临床资料 本组39例患者中。男23例,女16例,年龄22～80岁,平均53岁,左下肢造影22例,右下肢8例,双下肢9例,3例合并下肢溃疡。39例患者造影均获成功,显影清晰、诊断明确。2例出现轻度恶心、心慌。静推50％葡萄糖40 ml,加地塞米松10 mg后症状缓解。无其它严重并发症发生。 二、护理 1.造影前护理:(1)心理护理:向病人及家属介绍造影的环境及设备以及造影的环境及设备以及造影的方法和目的,减轻     

下肢深静脉瓣膜的应用解剖

在30具成人尸体上,对60侧股静脉,胸静脉、股深静脉、胫前静脉,56侧胫后静脉,58侧腓静脉的瓣膜进行了观察,深入研究了各段静脉瓣膜的出现率、数目、形态、分布和位置。单侧下肢深静脉瓣膜总数平均值为48.61个。绝大多数瓣膜为双叶瓣(99.34%±0.14%),极少数为单叶瓣(0.61±0.14%),三叶瓣罕见(0.03±0.03%)。双叶瓣大部分位于静脉的前、后壁(88.78±0.58%),少部分位于静脉的左、右壁(11.21±0.58%);单叶瓣位于静脉的后壁;三叶瓣位于静脉的右、后、右壁。     

上臂静脉段移植的应用解剖

目的：为采用自体带瓣臂静脉段移植术治疗下肢深静脉功能不全提供解剖学基础。方法：观测４６侧上臂头静脉、贵要静脉及肱静脉外径、瓣膜的数目和分布。结果：各静脉外径均大于３ｍｍ,但头静脉较贵要静脉和肱静脉细。臂中段的静脉瓣膜比臂上、下段多,所有的臂中段都至少有１条适于带瓣移植的静脉段,而在臂上、下段仅分别为７６％和７０％。结论：在臂中段内侧作切口是截取带瓣贵要静脉或肱静脉段的最适位置。     

带瓣臂静脉段自体移植治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全24例报告

<正> 下肢深静脉瓣功能不全时,截取瓣膜功能好的臂静脉段移植。方法是先进行下肢顺行和逆行造影确定病变瓣膜位置和功能,再进行上肢选择性静脉造影选择瓣功能好管腔适合的臂静脉段。手术时先在腹股沟韧带下方做纵切口,显露病变部位,再截取臂静脉段1.5～2cm,植于病变部位。     

股静脉及其瓣膜形态和功能的造影研究

<正> 作者根据334例、414侧肢体的下肢静脉造影资料,对比研究正常组和病变组股静脉及其瓣膜的形态和功能。用统计分析的方法,确定了股静脉及其瓣膜形态和功能正常或异常的诊断标     

(膕)静脉瓣膜的形态特点及其临床意义

目的:为临床诊断和治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全和构建组织工程静脉瓣膜提供形态学基础.方法:将26例52侧成人朋静脉标本等分为远侧、中间、近侧1/3段,在手术显微镜下解剖和观察,用数控游标卡尺(精度0.01 mm)测量瓣膜相关数据,并对瓣膜进行Masson三色改良染色和H-E染色,以观察(月国)静脉瓣的组织构造.结果:(月国)静脉瓣膜数为(2.04±1.31)个,瓣膜游离缘主要为半月形(97.2%).瓣膜以双叶瓣为主(97.2%),其近侧1/3段和中1/3段以前后侧瓣为主(P＜0.05).瓣膜的腔面和窦面均覆着一层内皮细胞,其管腔面内皮细胞下存在数层弹力纤维,瓣膜主要由胶原纤维构成.结论:本文提供的胭静脉瓣的形态特征和数据将有助于临床朋静脉瓣膜相关疾病的诊治和构建组织工程静脉瓣.     

非血栓性髂静脉狭窄支架成形术对深静脉瓣膜功能的影响

目的 探讨髂静脉支架成形术对非血栓性髂静脉压迫病变（NIVCL）患者深静脉瓣膜功能的影响。方法 收集2015年 4月~2018年4月我院血管外科22例行髂静脉支架成形术治疗的NIVCL合并下肢深静脉瓣膜反流患者的临床资料及随访结果,其中21例左侧髂静脉狭窄,1例右侧髂静脉狭窄,比较患者手术前后深静脉瓣膜反流持续时间（VCT）及静脉疾病严重程度评分（VCSS）。结果 22例患者手术均成功,成功率100.00%,术后无支架闭塞、下肢感染和深静脉血栓形成等严重并发症。术后3个月随访时,一期支架通畅率100     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

Modes of Inheritance of Errors of Refraction

Eighteen families in which both parents had refractions within the range of +4·0 D to −4·0 D and axial lengths seen in emmetropia (22·3-26·0 mm) showed coefficients of correlation of the order 0·5 indicative of polygenic inheritance. Such coefficients were seen for axial length (0·407) and for the cornea (0·487), but not for the lens (which is known to be yoked to the axial length). No such coefficients were seen in 19 families in which one of the parents had axial length outside the emmetropic range (nine families with long axes and 10 with short axes).

The pattern of polygenic inheritance for emmetropia (completely correlated optical components) and errors of refraction up to 4·0 D (inadequately correlated components: correlation ametropia) follows that seen in stature and other measurable characters. In contrast the high refractive errors with their abnormal axial lengths (component ametropia) are—like the extremes in stature—pathological anomalies with monofactorial inheritance.

     

Aspects of the problem of direct introduction of Standards of International Organizations

Editorial note. This article is published as part of a discussion. Particular issues of the article are disputable. First of all, this concerns the so-called “folder” method of introduction of international standards for medical devices to domestic medical practice (i.e., by direct translation of the standards and their publication as standardizing documents). Nevertheless, at least one of the problems, the problem of coordination between domestic state standards for medical devices and international recommendations of ISO and IEC, is undoubtedly of topical importance. Advancement of new health service legislation which is to be approved by law-makers will definitely introduce corrections into the present situation. The Editorial Board of Meditsinskaya Tekhnika believes this article will lessen these problems and to be welcomed by readers.