M1/M2型巨噬细胞与心血管疾病关系的研究进展

巨噬细胞是固有免疫的重要组成细胞,参与机体炎症反应、免疫调节、组织修复与重构等过程。巨噬细胞可分为M1型与M2型,前者促进炎症并抑制细胞增殖,后者促进增殖和组织修复。心血管疾病是一类常见的非感染性疾病,研究发现,M1/M2型巨噬细胞通过分泌多种细胞因子和酶类,在高血压、动脉粥样硬化、心肌梗死等的组织损伤与修复中起到重要作用,很大程度上影响着心血管疾病的发展与转归。通过调控M1/M2的平衡,使病理状态得到改善,可能成为治疗心血管疾病的一种新思路。     

心肌再生医学的研究进展

心血管疾病是导致人类死亡的主要疾患之一, 其中以冠心病、心肌梗死最为常见。导致心功能衰竭的主要原因是心肌梗死后心肌细胞的大量丢失及内源性修复机制的缺失,受损的心肌被瘢痕组织所替代，从而进一步导致心功能的丧失。心脏移植可以治疗严重心功能衰竭，但这一有效治疗措施受供体来源和免疫排斥反应等的限制。近年来，随着人类对干细胞认识的加深，应用心肌再生治疗心血管疾病已经成为一个新的研究热点。     

NO与心血管疾病细胞凋亡

NO是重要生物活性物质,介导着心肌、血管平滑肌、巨噬细胞、血管内皮细胞等程序性死亡与凋亡,与心血管疾病有密切的关系.并对NO与心血管疾病细胞凋亡的机制和目前研究方向及存在问题进行了文献综述.     

环状RNA与心血管疾病

环状RNA(circRNA)是一类存在所有生物体中的非编码RNA。随着测序技术的发展,已发现人类体内存在上万个circRNA。目前研究最多的是circRNA能够成为microRNA (miRNA)的海绵体,特异地吸收miRNA,使体内相关miRNA表达下调。已发现circRNA在动脉粥样硬化、主动脉瘤、心肌梗死和冠心病等心血管疾病中起着重要作用。circRNA可以通过不同的机制调控心肌肥厚、心肌纤维化以及心肌细胞凋亡过程,进而引起相应的心血管疾病的发生发展。     

Sirt3在心肌梗死中的作用研究进展

心肌梗死是一种严重的心血管疾病,其会导致心肌能量代谢的紊乱。Sirt3作为一种重要的线粒体去乙酰化酶,在心肌梗死后的能量代谢调节中发挥重要作用。本综述旨在分析和总结Sirt3在心肌梗死后能量代谢调节中的研究进展,以期为心血管疾病的治疗提供新的理论和实践依据。     

心肌肌钙蛋白(cTn)检测的临床评价

在我国 ,随着人民生活水平的不断提高 ,传染病、寄生虫病的不断控制 ,人口的疾病谱已发生显著变化。解放初冠心病、心肌梗死十分少见 ,而如今我国不少地区 ,冠心病、心肌梗死病例大幅增加 ,在部分城市已成为人口死亡的主要原因。心肌肌钙蛋白Ｉ(ｃａｒｄｉａｃｔｒｏｐｏｎｉｎＩ,ｃＴｎＩ)是近年来发展起来的一种高特异、高灵敏反映心肌损伤的血清标志物 ,已越来越多地用于心肌梗死、心绞痛的诊断和鉴别诊断 ,并有逐渐取代心肌酶的趋势。心肌损伤标志物检测是急性心肌梗死 (ａｃｕｔｅｍｙｏｃａｒｄｉａｌｉｎｆａｒｃｔｉｏｎ ,ＡＭＩ)的…     

巨噬细胞亚型与疾病的关系及EGCG对巨噬细胞影响的研究进展

作为一种形态和功能独特的白细胞亚群,巨噬细胞在机体免疫反应中发挥重要作用。巨噬细胞可分为M1型与M2型,前者促进炎症反应并抑制肿瘤细胞增殖,后者促进其增殖和组织修复。表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate, EGCG)是绿茶中茶多酚的主要组成部分之一,它能够减少氧化应激和组织损伤,降低肿瘤和心血管疾病等的风险。研究发现EGCG对巨噬细胞有着广泛的影响。文章就巨噬细胞不同亚型与疾病关系以及EGCG通过影响巨噬细胞以治疗疾病的研究进展作一综述。     

染色质重组子BRG1与心血管疾病的研究进展

中国心血管病死亡仍居疾病死亡构成的首位,严重威胁着人类的身体健康,探索新靶点、新机制以开发新药,对于降低心血管疾病的风险至关重要.染色质重组子BRG1 (Brahma-related gene-1)由SMARAC4基因编码,是SWI/SNF(SWItch/sucrose nonfermentable)染色质重塑复合物中核心成分,BRG1在心肌肥厚、心力衰竭、心肌梗死等多种心血管疾病的发生和发展中起到至关重要的作用.     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗心血管疾病的临床研究新进展

自2001年骨髓干细胞被首次用于治疗心肌梗死以来,干细胞移植治疗心血管疾病的临床研究已历经了10余年。近年来,BMSC因其可塑性、遗传稳定性和免疫耐受性而成为用于心肌修复较为理想的细胞。本文主要对BMSC移植治疗心血管疾病的临床研究的现状和进展加以综述。     

铁死亡在心血管疾病中的作用及研究进展

铁死亡是近年来发现的一种调节性细胞死亡方式,其特征为铁过载、脂质过氧化和活性氧积累等。铁死亡受铁代谢、脂质代谢和氨基酸代谢等多种代谢途径调控。在急性心肌梗死、心肌缺血再灌注损伤、心力衰竭和动脉粥样硬化等心血管疾病中,铁死亡发挥重要作用,与心肌细胞损伤密切相关。探讨铁死亡在心血管疾病中的作用及研究进展,以期为治疗心血管疾病提供新的靶点。     

The effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on the heart in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure: From cells to patient reports

Cardiovascular diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cardiovascular diseases such as acute myocardial infarction, ischaemia/reperfusion injury and heart failure are associated with cardiac autonomic imbalance characterized by sympathetic overactivity and parasympathetic withdrawal from the heart. Increased parasympathetic activity by electrical vagal nerve stimulation has been shown to provide beneficial effects in the case of cardiovascular diseases in both animals and patients by improving autonomic function, cardiac remodelling and mitochondrial function. However, clinical limitations for electrical vagal nerve stimulation exist because of its invasive nature, costly equipment and limited clinical validation. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches which moderate parasympathetic activities could be beneficial for in the case of cardiovascular disease. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors inhibit acetylcholinesterase and hence increase cholinergic transmission. Recent studies have reported that acetylcholinesterase inhibitors improve autonomic function and cardiac function in cardiovascular disease models. Despite its potential clinical benefits for cardiovascular disease patients, the role of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure remediation remains unclear. This article comprehensively reviews the effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on the heart in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure scenarios from in vitro and in vivo studies to clinical reports. The mechanisms involved are also discussed in this review.     

Combining aspirin with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in heart failure: how safe is it?

The above discussion on the interaction of aspirin and ACE inhibitors seems to suggest that aspirin in high doses may have adverse interaction with ACE inhibitors in patients with heart failure but the data obtained is not sufficient or conclusive to recommended omission of aspirin in patients with heart failure. This raises a query in the mind of the physician whether to use a combination or not? The role of aspirin in the early period after myocardial infarction is well established so is the role of ACE inhibitors. Hence in patients with myocardial infarction and preserved left ventricular function it would not be wrong to administer combination of ACE inhibitors and aspirin. Albeit at a lower dose. In patients with large myocardial infarction or heart failure, warfarin may be an option but still needs to be documented in large trials. As suggested long term use of aspirin after infarction is still ambiguous and may be harmful in patients with heart failure with its anticedent side effects. But long term benefits of ACE inhibitors in heart failure are well documented. Hence if a choice has to be made whether to discontinue either of the two drugs it would be preferable to stop the aspirin. To answer the issue of use of aspirin in patients with heart failure it would be essential to conduct a double blind randomized trial comparing known anti-thrombotic treatment, aspirin and anti-coagulants on mortality in patients with heart failure, especially caused by coronary artery disease. Such a trial is underway at the present and till the results are available it should be left to clinical judgement of the physician whether to administer aspirin in patients with heart failure after weighing the benefits versus risk.     

半乳糖凝聚素-3在心肌梗死后心室重构和心力衰竭中作用的研究进展

心力衰竭作为多种心血管疾病的共同归宿和主要死因,早期诊断和有效干预是提高患者预后结果和转归的重要手段。半乳糖凝聚素-3(Gal-3)是近年来出现的一种新的生物标志物,与心肌纤维化及心力衰竭相关,在心力衰竭的诊断及治疗中具有参考价值,可有望作为心力衰竭治疗的一个新靶点。     

干细胞治疗心肌梗死的研究概况

心肌梗死引起的瘢痕形成和并发的心肌功能降低,可继而导致心室重构和心力衰竭的发生。因此,恢复受损心肌组织功能的治疗必不可少,以干细胞为基础的心肌再生与修复治疗最终能够避免心室重构的进程和心力衰竭的发生。心脏疾病的细胞治疗是一个快速发展的领域,但目前仍然存在许多难以解决的问题。     

基于美国全国住院病人样本的心血管疾病研究进展

美国全国住院病人样本数据库是一个开放的住院患者数据库,我们检索和阅读了2000~2017年利用该数据库进行心肌梗死、心肌病、心力衰竭和先天性心脏病等心血管疾病的流行病学趋势及预后研究的文献,分别从对疾病的发病率、死亡率、住院率等指标进行综述,以望对国内利用类似大数据开展心血管疾病相关研究提供思路。     

Wnt-frizzled信号通路与心血管疾病关系的研究进展

Many researches have focused on the wnt- frizzled cascade in the recent years, while much work has been done in neoplastic diseases and embryology, the role of the wnt- frizzled signal transduction pathway in cardiovascular diseases has only recently begun to be explored. It plays a very important role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes, such as its transduction pathway, the healing after myocardial infarction, the proliferation, differentiation and orientation of cardiomyocytes, angiogenesis/neovascularization, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, the deposition of the extracellular matrix and so on. This article is aimed at its relation with myocardial infarction and the role of this pathway in cardiovascular diseases.     

Scorpion bite,a sting to the heart!

Scorpion bites are common in India. Usually, these bites are harmless but sometimes have serious clinical sequelae, including death. We report herein a case of scorpion bite with electrocardiographic abnormalities simulating early myocardial infarction. Pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure accompanied these electrocardiographic changes as well as serum cardiac markers. The etiology of cardiovascular manifestations in severe scorpion sting is related to venom effect on sympathetic nervous system and the adrenal secretion of catecholamines as well as to the toxic effect of the venom on the myocardium itself. It is a rare case of scorpion sting presented as myocardial infarction and heart failure, successfully treated with Intensive Care Unit care, noninvasive ventilation, vasopressors, and antiischemic treatment.     

Mechanisms of Apoptosis in the Heart

Apoptosis is a complex and highly regulated form of cell death, and believed to contribute to the continuous decline of ventricular function in heart failure. Apoptotic cell death is observed in a variety of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, end-stage heart failure, arrhythmias, and adriamycin cardiomyopathy. There are several pathways leading to programmed cell death. Apoptosis can be initiated by extracellular or intracellular stimuli, leading to the activation of caspases and subsequent cell death. A better understanding of the process of apoptosis in the heart is clearly important as it may lead to the identification of novel therapies for cardiovascular disease. This review is focused on the basic cellular mechanisms of apoptosis, as well as our current understanding of this process in the heart.     

脂肪来源细胞在缺血性心脏病中的应用

 脂肪来源细胞（褐色脂肪来源细胞、脂肪干细胞和去分化脂肪细胞）可分化成心肌样细胞,移植后可改善心梗后心功能,降低心室重塑,有可能成为最有潜力的治疗缺血性心脏病的干细胞来源。