腹腔镜肾盂成形术联合输尿管软镜取石术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻合并肾脏结石的临床应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜肾盂成形术联合输尿管软镜取石术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(ureteropelvic junction obstruc-tion,UPJO)合并肾脏结石的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2010年1月至2013年6月收治的18例UPJO合并肾脏结石患者的临床资料。其中单发肾盂结石2例,单发下盏结石4例,多发结石12例(结石均位于肾盂与肾下盏);最大单枚结石2.6 cm,平均结石负荷(3.1±0.9)cm(1.0～4.8 cm)。3例患者曾行ESWL失败,18例患者术前均未接受其他UPJO手术治疗。结果:18例均顺利完成手术,无术中大出血、周围脏器损伤等严重并发症发生。手术时间95～190 min,平均(110±23)min,软镜取石时间8～30 min,平均(18.4±6.0)min。18例患者软镜均能完整检视肾盂,无盲区,术后复查KUB,结石取净率100%。拔除双J管后复查肾脏积水,13例明显缩小,3例无明显积水,手术成功率88.9%。结论:腹腔镜肾盂成形术联合输尿管软镜手术安全、有效,是UPJO合并结石的理想治疗方式。     

双镜联合一期治疗重复肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻合并多发肾结石一例

目的 探讨联合腹腔镜及输尿管软镜一期行重复肾盂成形+输尿管软镜取石术治疗重复肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(ureteropelvic junction obstruction,UPJO)合并肾结石的临床疗效.方法 结合1例右侧重复肾盂UPJO合并下肾结石病人的临床资料,给予一期联合手术治疗,术中放置1根F6双J管上端置入下肾盂...     

经腹入路3D腹腔镜联合输尿管硬镜同期处理肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻并肾盏结石的应用

目的 探讨经腹入路3D腹腔镜联合输尿管硬镜在肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻并肾盏结石手术中的安全性及有效性。方法 回顾性分析2019年12月至2022年1月广东省第二人民医院收治并手术的14例肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻并肾盏结石的患者临床资料,分析肾盏结石大小、结石数量、手术时间、术中失血量及一期结石清除率及手术效果。结果 所有患者均采用经腹3D腹腔镜下肾盂离断成形术,术中输尿管镜经腔镜通道进入肾盂肾盏找到结石,取出结石。结石大小（0.89±0.32） cm,结石数量2～6枚,手术时间（138±18）min,术中失血量（12±5）ml,一期结石清除率100%,术后6～8周拔除输尿管支架管,术后3个月复查CT示肾积液缓解或消失,无肾结石复发及肾积液加重。结论 3D腹腔镜联合输尿管硬镜在肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻并肾盏结石治疗中安全有效,具有创伤小,清石率高,是部分肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻合并肾盏结石患者治疗的良好选择。     

双镜联合治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻合并肾盏结石

目的:探讨肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)合并肾盏结石的手术方法。方法:对4例患者先在腹腔镜下行肾盂狭窄处游离并切开,再从切开处使用输尿管硬镜或输尿管软镜进入患者有结石的目标肾盏,行钬激光碎石术,使用腹腔镜吸引器吸出碎石,碎石取石结束后行腹腔镜下肾盂输尿管成形术。结果:4例患者均手术成功,术后3个月返院复查,肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻解除并且肾盏无残石。结论:腹腔镜联合输尿管镜一期治疗UPJO合并肾盏结石是一种安全、有效、经济、可行的手术方法。     

腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术治疗合并输尿管狭窄的输尿管上段结石临床分析

目的 对腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术(LUL)治疗合并输尿管狭窄的输尿管上段结石的安全性和有效性进行临床分析.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2011年12月本中心收治的14例合并输尿管狭窄的输尿管上段结石患者,其中合并单纯输尿管狭窄5例(35.7％),合并肾孟输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)9例(64.3％),均采用LUL及输尿管狭窄切除吻合术或肾盂离断成形术治疗.结果 所有患者均顺利完成手术,结石长径为1.5 ～2.1 cm,手术时间100～150分钟,无术中输血病例,术中无严重并发症发生,无中转开放病例.术后留置腹腔引流管8～11天,住院天数10～19天,无漏尿及其它并发症发生.术后2个月复查KUB或B超,示1例患者肾内小结石残留,给予口服排石药物治疗,结石清除率为92.85％(13/14).结论 腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术治疗输尿管上段结石安全、有效,可以同时治疗输尿管狭窄及肾盂连接部梗阻,以期更有效的预防结石复发.建议该手术方法作为治疗合并单纯输尿管狭窄及肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的输尿管上段结石的首选治疗措施.     

腹腔镜下肾盂成形联合纤维软镜肾盂取石术的临床疗效观察

目的探讨腹腔镜下肾盂成形联合纤维软镜肾盂取石术的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2013年7月至2015年11月我院收治的12例肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄(UPJO)合并肾脏结石患者的临床资料。结果 12例手术均成功,围手术期无周边脏器、大血管损伤等并发症发生,术后复查肾-输尿管-膀胱摄影(KUB)提示无结石残留,取石率100%,术后拔除输尿管支架管后未见肾脏积水增大。结论腹腔镜下肾盂成形联合纤维软镜肾盂取石术安全、有效,是处理UPJO合并肾脏结石的一种思路,但仍有很多细节有待改善。     

经皮腔内顺行球囊扩张结合内切开术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻

目的观察经皮腔内顺行球囊扩张结合内切开术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)的疗效。方法回顾分析2010年3月至2012年9月我院采用经皮腔内顺行球囊扩张结合内切开术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻23例患者的病例资料并行随访。结果患者23例,男性14例,女性9例;年龄21~71岁,平均(39±10.5)岁;左侧10例,右侧13例;原发性UPJO 18例(合并肾结石12例),经皮肾镜碎石术后2例,肾盂输尿管连接部结石开放取石术后1例,开放肾盂成形术后1例,腹腔镜肾盂成形术后1例,狭窄段长度均不超过2cm。所有患者均手术成功,围手术期无严重并发症发生。17例患者纳入随访,其中原发性UPJO患者12例,经皮肾穿刺取石术(PCN)术后患者2例,开放输尿管切开取石术后1例,腹腔镜下肾盂成形术后1例,开放肾盂成形术后1例,术后随访7~31月,未见复发。结论经皮腔内顺行球囊扩张结合内切开术是治疗UPJO安全、有效的手术方式,具有微创、患者耐受度好、术后恢复快的特点,可有选择性地作为治疗UPJO的初始治疗手段。     

经腹腹腔镜联合肾镜治疗马蹄肾UPJO并肾结石1例报告并文献复习

目的:探讨经腹腹腔镜肾盂成形术联合肾镜碎石取石术一期治疗马蹄肾肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄(UPJO)合并肾结石的可行性和临床疗效。方法:2013年5月,我院采用经腹腹腔镜肾盂成形术联合肾镜碎石取石术一期治疗马蹄肾UPJO合并肾结石患者1例。具体方法是采用经腹腔入路,在腹腔镜下先分离出肾盂并切开,然后使肾镜通过腹腔镜穿刺通道进入肾盂肾盏行碎石取石术,再在腹腔镜下行离断式肾盂成形术。结果:手术过程顺利,手术时间180min。术后21小时肛门排气,5天后拔除腹腔引流管,10天后出院。术后3个月随访,肾盂输尿管连接部通畅,未发现明显结石残留。结论:经腹腹腔镜肾盂成形术联合肾镜碎石取石术一期治疗马蹄肾UPJO并肾结石安全、有效。     

肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻行肾盂输尿管成形术的临床探讨

目的探讨肾盂输尿管成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的术式。方法将112例肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻患者依据手术方法不同分为后腹腔镜手术组64例,开放性手术组48例。观察2组治疗效果。结果开放性手术组术后积水复发率4.16%,后腹腔镜手术组为4.68%,P>0.05,差异无统计学意义。结论后腹腔镜手术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻创伤小,术后积水复发率与开放性手术无显著差异。     

后腹腔镜联合软镜一期行肾盂成形及肾结石碎石取石术

目的：探讨利用后腹腔镜技术行肾盂输尿管成形手术的同时,利用软镜一期行。肾结石碎石和取石治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄并发复杂肾结石的可行性。方法：利用后腹腔镜技术分离出肾盂,用软镜进入肾盂及肾盏,钬激光碎石和套石篮取石,再在后腹腔镜下行肾盂输尿管离断式成形术。结果：8例一期行后腹腔镜联合软镜行肾盂成形及肾结石碎石取石术,均获得成功。术后3个月复查,输尿管连接部通畅,结石取出完全。结论：后腹腔镜联合软镜一期行肾盂成形及肾结石碎石取石术是创伤更小,安全、经济、可行的手术方式。     

Laparoscopic pyeloplasty with concomitant pyelolithotomy

PURPOSE: We present our experience with laparoscopic pyeloplasty plus pyelolithotomy in patients in whom stones were not the cause of ureteropelvic junction obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A transperitoneal approach was used for laparoscopic pyeloplasty and pyelolithotomy in 19 patients (20 renal units). Before ureteropelvic junction repair stones were extracted through a small pyelotomy that was eventually incorporated into the final pyeloplasty incision. Stones in the renal pelvis were removed with rigid graspers under direct laparoscopic vision. A flexible cystoscope introduced through a port was used to extract stones in the calices. The renal pelvis was reconstructed based on the anatomy of the ureteropelvic junction. RESULTS: A median of 1 stone (range 1 to 28) was recovered. In 11, 8 and 1 patients the Anderson-Hynes dismembered pyeloplasty, Y-V plasty and the Heinecke Mickulicz procedure were performed, respectively. At 3 months 2 patients had residual calculi for a procedural stone-free rate of 90%. There was no evidence of obstruction in 18 of the 20 cases (90%), as confirmed by negative diuretic scan or radiological improvement of hydronephrosis. At a mean followup of 12 months (range 3 to 57) 2 additional patients had recurrent stones for an overall long-term stone-free rate of 80% (16 of 20). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic pyelolithotomy is feasible when combined with pyeloplasty. Our results are comparable to those of stone removal during open pyeloplasty or percutaneous endopyelotomy. The advantages of open surgery appear to be maintained in this minimally invasive approach.     

结肠系膜入路与后腹腔入路腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗小儿肾积水的疗效对比研究

目的:探讨经结肠系膜入路腹腔镜离断性肾盂成形术治疗小儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的临床效果。方法:回顾分析2014年1月至2018年4月为96例左侧肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻患儿行腹腔镜离断性肾盂成形术的临床资料,其中经腹腔结肠系膜途径46例(观察组),经腹膜后途径50例(对照组),对比分析两组手术时间、术中出血量、引流管留置时间、术后进食时间、术后住院时间、并发症、肾脏恢复情况等。结果:手术均一次性完成。观察组与对照组手术时间[75(70,90)min vs.100(83,106)min]差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);两组术中出血量、引流管留置时间、术后进食时间、术后住院时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对照组术后1例出现漏尿,引流管术后9 d拔除,导致术后住院时间延长至11 d,余者均无并发症发生。术后随访24个月,两组肾积水、分肾功能恢复方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:经结肠系膜入路腹腔镜离断性肾盂成形术治疗小儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻具有操作空间大、手术时间短、不增加肠道干扰的优点,值得推广。     

Laparoscopic pyeloplasty for secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic pyeloplasty has become a viable option for the treatment of select patients with primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction with success rates similar to those of open surgery. However, little has been written on the application of this technique for secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction. We report the largest series of secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction managed by laparoscopic pyeloplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 1994 and March 2001, 36 patients underwent laparoscopic transperitoneal pyeloplasty for secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction. The patients had undergone an average of 1.3 ureteropelvic junction procedures (range 1 to 4) prior to presentation, including cutting balloon retrograde endopyelotomy in 28, antegrade endoscopic endopyelotomy in 7, retrograde endoscopic endopyelotomy in 4, retrograde balloon dilation in 4 and open pyeloplasty in 3. A preoperative diagnosis of recurrent obstruction was confirmed by renal scan in 31 cases, retrograde pyelography in 2 and computerized tomography in 3. Of the 31 patients who underwent spiral computerized tomography angiogram 87% had crossing vessels. Laparoscopic repair comprised dismembered pyeloplasty in 31 cases, Fengerplasty in 3 and flap repair in 2. Postoperative renal scan or excretory urography objective followup was available for all patients at a mean of 10 months (range 3 to 40). Postoperative subjective patient well-being was assessed using an analog pain scale at a mean followup of 21.8 months (range 3 to 85). RESULTS: Average operative time was 6.2 hours (range 2.7 to 10). Average hospital stay was 2.9 days (range 1 to 7). One intraoperative complication occurred, that is bleeding necessitating conversion to an open procedure. Postoperative complications occurred in 8 cases, including anastomotic leakage in 4, and urinary tract infection, pneumonia, atelectasis, fever, bilateral upper extremity weakness and stone formation 2 months postoperatively in 1 each. On excretory urography, furosemide renal scan or the Whitaker test 32 of 36 patients (89%) had a widely patent ureteropelvic junction. Two patients (5.5%) had equivocal radiographic studies but were asymptomatic. In 2 patients the ureteropelvic junction was obstructed by renal scan. One patient had an indwelling stent for renal function deterioration and 1 was asymptomatic. Hence, 34 of the 36 patients (94%) had a reasonable objective response. Overall a 50% or greater decrease in pain was seen in 32 of 36 patients (89%). In the 4 patients with a less than 50% decrease in pain objective renal scans showed an open ureteropelvic junction. As such, the overall success rate of a greater than 50% decrease in pain, a patent ureteropelvic junction and stable or improved function of the affected renal unit was 83% (30 of 36 patients). CONCLUSIONS: For secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction, laparoscopic pyeloplasty can be performed safely with a success rate comparable to that of standard open pyeloplasty. The patient benefits of laparoscopic ureteropelvic junction repair of secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction are similar to the benefits of laparoscopic repair of primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction.     

MISSED ANTERIOR CROSSING VESSELS DURING OPEN RETROPERITONEAL PYELOPLASTY: LAPAROSCOPIC TRANSPERITONEAL DISCOVERY AND REPAIR

PURPOSE: Extrinsic ureteropelvic junction obstruction due to anterior crossing segmental renal vessels is present in more than 50% of patients in adulthood. In this situation the ureter must usually be dismembered and transposed anterior to the crossing vascular structures, where it is anastomosed to the renal pelvis. Via the open retroperitoneal approach there may be a limited view of the anterior surface of the ureteropelvic junction and, hence, anterior crossing vessels may possibly be missed. We describe 2 patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction in whom anterior vessels were missed during open retroperitoneal repair. Laparoscopic transperitoneal secondary pyeloplasty with posterior displacement of the crossing renal vessel was performed in each case. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two patients presented with symptomatic congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction after failed endopyelotomy in 1 and failed open retroperitoneal procedures in both. Preoperatively spiral computerized tomography angiography with a ureteropelvic junction protocol revealed crossing vessels in the 2 cases. This finding was confirmed at transperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty. The ureter and renal pelvis were transposed anterior to the crossing vessels and 2 rows of running sutures were placed to complete the anastomosis. RESULTS: The 2 laparoscopic procedures were completed successfully. The anterior crossing vessels were preserved in each case. Currently the patients are asymptomatic and furosemide washout renal scan was normal. CONCLUSIONS: Spiral CT angiography reliably delineates the renal vascular anatomy in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction. This study may be valuable before planned open retroperitoneal ureteropelvic junction obstruction repair. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty may successfully manage anterior crossing vessels associated with secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction.     

Minimally invasive treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction: long-term experience with an algorithm for laser endopyelotomy and laparoscopic retroperitoneal pyeloplasty

PURPOSE: First line treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction is still open dismembered pyeloplasty. The development of videoendoscopic techniques like endopyelotomy and laparoscopy offers less invasive alternatives. The long-term outcome of an algorithm selectively using these techniques is presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From February 1995 to March 2006, 256 patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction were treated with 113 laser endopyelotomies and 143 laparoscopic retroperitoneal pyeloplasties. According to changing selection criteria, an early group (92 in 1995 to 1999) treated with laser endopyelotomy for extrinsic as well as intrinsic stenoses, and a late group (164 in 2000 to 2006) treated with laser endopyelotomy for intrinsic stenosis, were evaluated. In the late group extrinsic ureteropelvic junction obstruction was treated with nondismembered pyeloplasty in cases of anteriorly and by dismembered pyeloplasty in cases of posteriorly crossing vessels or a redundant renal pelvis. RESULTS: Operating time of laser endopyelotomy averaged 34 (range 10 to 90) minutes with a complication rate of 5.3% and a success rate of 72.6% (intrinsic 85.7% vs extrinsic 51.4%). Operating time of laparoscopic retroperitoneal pyeloplasty averaged 124 (range 37 to 368) minutes with a 6.3% complication rate and an overall success rate of 94.4% (intrinsic 100% vs extrinsic 93.8%). In the late group the LAP success rate was 98.3% with no significant differences related to the cause of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (intrinsic 100% vs extrinsic 98.1%) or the type of pyeloplasty (YV plasty 97.0% vs Anderson-Hynes 97.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic retroperitoneal pyeloplasty yields an efficacy similar to that of open surgery. The inferior success of laser endopyelotomy even in optimally selected cases and the increasing expertise with endoscopic suturing may favor laparoscopic pyeloplasty with or without robotic assistance in the future.     

彩超引导定位联合CT三维重建在经皮肾取石术中应用研究

目的 CT三维重建联合彩超在斜仰截石位经皮肾镜取石术(percutaneous nephrolithotomy,PCNL)中穿刺定位的疗效观察.方法 选取2012年5月至2015年6月在本院行斜仰截石位PCNL的复杂性肾结石患者104例,根据CT三维重建是否联合彩超定位穿刺分组,比较两组患者的手术情况,术后肾血流情况,术后结石清除率和手术并发症的差异.结果 观察组(54例)的手术时间、穿刺时间、血红蛋白损失量均低于对照组(50例),且差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察组一次性建立通道率(49例,90.74％)高于对照组(38例,76.0％),且差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).观察组的肾血流速度和阻力指数与对照组的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).观察组的结石清除率(46例,85.18％)高于对照组(29例,58.0％),且差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察组的术后并发症发生率(3例,5.56％)低于对照组(10例,20.0％),且差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 CT三维重建联合彩超定位穿刺在斜仰截石位经皮肾取石术治疗复杂性肾结石的疗效优于单纯CT三维重建定位穿刺.     

Retroperitoneoscopic pyeloplasty: Using reconstructive methods based on intraoperative findings

AIM: Reconstructive laparoscopic procedures have been recognized as a less invasive treatment than conventional open procedures. However, although the laparoscopic pyeloplasty has also been accepted as useful, few findings have been reported relevant to the retroperitoneal approach. To elucidate its effectiveness and safety, laparoscopic surgery via the retroperitoneal approach was examined in our institution. Furthermore, the importance of laparoscopic observation for ureteropelvic junction and urine passage ureteropelvic junction without indwelling ureteral stent. METHODS: Between July 1998 and December 2004, 13 men and 15 women underwent laparoscopic retroperitoneal surgery for ureteropelvic junction obstruction. The mean patient age was 33.6 years (range: 13-70 years). Methods of repair were determined by intraoperative findings for the relationship between the ureteropelvic junction and surrounding vessels. An indwelling ureteral stent was removed before initiating laparoscopic operation to observe the relationship between ureteropelvic junction and aberrant vessels more precisely. RESULTS: An aberrant renal vessel was found in 13 patients (46%). Dismembered pyeloplasty was carried out in 21 patients, Y-V plasty in five patients and Hellstrom technique in two patients. Ureteral transposition was not required in dismembered pyeloplasty cases. All patients achieved retroperitoneoscopic pyeloplasty without open conversion. The mean operative time was 272 min (range: 155-490 min). The mean estimated blood loss was 44 mL (range: 10-200 mL). No major complications were observed during the intraoperative period, but urinary tract infection occurred in two patients in the postoperative period. In all patients except one, obstruction was improved or resolved. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic retroperitoneal surgery is not only able to repair ureteropelvic junction obstruction, but can also be done safety and less invasively. We believe that laparoscopic observation without indwelling stent will contribute to a more appropriate choice of pyeloplasty.     

Antegrade pyelography before pyeloplasty via dorsal lumbar incision.

PURPOSE: The need for contrast imaging of the ureter before routine pediatric pyeloplasty is controversial. We evaluated the use of antegrade pyelography for upper tract imaging before pyeloplasty via dorsal lumbar incision. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of all patients who underwent pyeloplasty from April 1994 through April 1998 at our institution were reviewed. The findings and outcome of patients with presumed ureteropelvic junction obstruction in whom antegrade pyelography was performed under the same anesthetic were assessed, and those in whom this procedure changed the planned operative approach were identified. RESULTS: Antegrade pyelography was performed without complication in 72 patients before planned pyeloplasty and 2 attempts were unsuccessful. In 10 cases (14%) plans for dorsal lumbar incision were abandoned based on findings of renal malrotation in 3, ureteral stricture in 2, ureterovesical junction obstruction in 2, unusually low or high position of the ureteropelvic junction in 1 each, and concurrent ureteropelvic and ureterovesical junction obstruction in 1. The study was misinterpreted in 1 case of renal malrotation and 1 case of horseshoe kidney, and the dorsal approach was used. In 1 of these cases conversion to an anterior approach was required. A nonobstructing ureterovesical junction was seen in 2 other patients who had ureteropelvic junction obstruction with mild ureteral dilatation on ultrasound. CONCLUSIONS: The dorsal lumbar incision may provide inadequate exposure in certain patients with upper tract obstruction. Antegrade pyelography is a simple, safe and useful technique to visualize the collecting system before planned pyeloplasty via dorsal lumbar incision, allowing the surgeon to choose a more suitable operative approach or procedure when warranted.     

输尿管软镜钬激光碎石联合排石颗粒治疗肾结石的临床研究

目的 观察输尿管软镜钬激光碎石联合应用排石颗粒治疗肾结石的疗效.方法 将本科室2013年8月至2015年8月收治的192例行输尿管软镜钬激光碎石的肾结石患者随机分为观察组(101例)和对照组(91例).结石最大直径约<25 mm,术前均行泌尿系平片(KUB)+静脉尿路造影(IVU).对照组60例结石位于上盏、中盏或肾盂内,41例位于下盏或多个肾盏,采用输尿管软镜钬激光碎石.观察组60例结石位于上盏、中盏或肾盂内,31例位于下盏或者多个肾盏.采用输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术,术后联合排石颗粒治疗.术后4周KUB平片或者双肾CT平扫,评估结石清除率.结果 全部患者进镜顺利并成功碎石.观察组4周后总排石成功率为97.0% (98/101) ,下盏及多盏结石排净率为97.6%(40/41),肾中上盏及肾盂内结石的排石率为96.7%(58/60);对照组4周后总排石成功率为90.1% (82/91),下盏及多盏结石排净率为80.6%(25/31),肾中上盏及肾盂内结石的排石率为95.0%(57/60) .两组相比总排石率差异具有显著统计学意义(P<0.05),下盏及多盏结石排净率差异具有显著统计学意义(P<0.05),肾中上盏及肾盂内结石的排石率无明显差异(P>0.05).结论 输尿管软镜激光碎石治疗肾结石尤其是肾下盏结石术后联用排石颗粒可明显提高排石率.