基于变分法的超声图像斑点噪声自适应滤波算法

各向异性扩散模型在去除超声图像斑点噪声时不能有效保护图像细节,针对上述问题本文提出基于变分法的自适应最小能量去噪模型.首先直接将由微分方程表示的各向异性扩散模型转化为最小能量变分模型;然后引入欧拉弹性能量模型,在去除噪声的同时有效地保护和增强图像细节.同时为了解决数值求解过程中出现的迭代次数与迭代步长的矛盾,本文还提出迭代停止准则和自适应变步长去噪算法.仿真和真实超声图像的实验结果表明基于变分法的超声图像斑点噪声自适应滤波算法在去噪的同时能够很好地保护细节信息,而且能有效地减少迭代次数.     

基于小波的医学超声图像斑点噪声抑制方法

斑点噪声是超声图像中固有的噪声。本文提出了一种新的去除斑点噪声的方法，这种方法结合中值滤波和多尺度非线性小波软阈值的优点，首先把原网像进行对数转换，然后把对数转换后的图像进行中值滤波处理，从而把转换后的图像分成两部分，对每一部分进行小波分析，假设小波系数服从广义高斯分布（GGD），利用小波系数的统计特性估计出各个部分各个尺度的阈值，最后用软阈值方法对上述两部分分别去噪。实验结果表明，本文提出的方法在有效去除斑点噪声方面，优于中值滤波，维纳滤波和多尺度非线性阈值算法（MSSNT-A）。     

基于比率距离的自适应超声图像去噪方法

针对超声图像噪声的瑞利分布特性,使用一种新的自适应超声图像去噪方法,改进固定窗口包含边缘时无法做到沿边缘方向滤波的不足。采用可自由伸缩的自适应滤波窗口,首先针对瑞利分布的噪声引入比率距离,得到超声图像像素间的相似度距离,然后考虑像素的邻域图像块均值,解决相似度距离之间比较的问题,最后像素根据新的相似度距离进行八方向伸展,得到不规则形状的滤波窗口进行去噪。用仿真超声图像和临床超声图像进行实验,图像评价指标结果表明该算法优于经典算法,更适用于去除超声图像的斑点噪声,在去除噪声的同时能够较好地保留细节边缘。     

基于各向异性扩散的B超图像去噪

提出了一种基于各向异性扩散方程的B超图像斑点噪声抑制的算法.斑点噪声是由超声成像机制引起的固有噪声形态,它对B超图像的特征提取、识别和分析带来极大困难.特别是对于边缘提取,斑点噪声使得传统的提取算法几乎都无法取得理想的效果.各向异性扩散方程是一种能有效抑制斑点噪声的算法,本文针对原始算法中扩散系数过饱和的问题以及斑点尺度系数选择的不足,提出了改进的方法,从而在抑制斑点噪声的同时保留甚至增强B超图像中的边缘细节信息,为下一步的边缘提取提供了有效保障.     

基于小波软阈值滤波的医学图像去噪

目的:为了更好的去除DR医学图像噪声.方法:通过分析其噪声来源,在小波去噪的基础上进行改进.引入方差不变性变换来调整原始图像的噪声模型为高斯噪声模型.图像分解为不同频率的不同子带的小波系数,分别进行不同阈值的滤波.结果:与普通的全局小波去噪方法相比,该方法不但可以保留图像的边缘信息,而且能提高去噪后图像的峰值信噪比.结论:用此方法处理DR图像在噪声去除、细节质量及骨骼锐化等方面比传统的高斯滤波及小波全局阈值滤波等方法效果要好.     

一种新的超声图像斑点噪声抑制方法

斑点噪声是超声图像中固有的噪声。现有的用于斑点噪声抑制的自适应滤波方法,小波软阈值方法及小波域内细节抛弃法在去除噪声的同时,不同程度地丢失了一些图像细节。针对这一问题。本文提出了一种新的结合自适应中值滤波和小波软阈值处理的超声图像斑点噪声抑制方法。对计算机仿真图像及超声图像进行处理的结果表明,本文提出的新方法在有效去除斑点噪声的同时,很好地保留了图像的细节,优于上述的其他方法。     

基于多尺度非线性扩散的超声图像斑点噪声去除算法

针对现有去噪算法可能造成超声图像细节模糊甚至丢失的问题,本文提出基于多尺度非线性扩散（multiscale nonlinear diffusion,MSND）的超声图像去噪模型.该模型结合冗余拉普拉斯塔形数据分解和非线性扩散的优点,利用冗余拉普拉斯塔形数据分解将图像分解为等大小的空间-频率子带,综合各子带的特征得到图像边缘和细节的精细表示,然后根据所得的综合特征指导各子带图像的非线性扩散.实验结果表明本文算法在去除噪声的同时能有效地保留和增强边界与细节.     

基于深度学习的低剂量CT图像去噪

目的:提出一种基于深度学习的方法用于低剂量CT（LDCT）图像的噪声去除。方法:首先进行滤波反投影重建,然后利用多尺度并行残差U-net（MPR U-net）的深度学习模型对重建后的LDCT图像进行去噪。实验数据采用LoDoPaB-CT挑战赛的医学CT数据集,其中训练集35 820张图像,验证集3 522张图像,测试集3 553张图像,并采用峰值信噪比（PSNR）与结构相似性系数（SSIM）来评估模型的去噪效果。结果:LDCT图像处理前后PSNR分别为28.80、38.22 dB,SSIM分别为0.786、0.966,平均处理时间为0.03 s。结论:MPR U-net深度学习模型能较好地去除LDCT图像噪声,提升PSNR,保留更多图像细节。     

基于非参数自适应密度估计理论的医学超声图像去噪方法

在小波变换域中去除图像中的噪声是近年来的研究热点之一。目前在小波域中对加性噪声的去除已经有了许多研究结果,比如Donoho等的处理方法都得到了很好的应用。但是由于超声图像噪声情况的复杂性,其对去噪的方法提出了更高的要求。为了在去除噪声的同时能够更好的保护边缘及有用的细节信息,本研究结合Birg-éMassart等提出的非参数自适应估计理论,提出一种在平稳小波变换域中对超声图像去噪的方法。实验证明,这种基于非参数自适应估计理论的超声图像去噪方法,与Donoho阈值去噪方法相比,去噪效果有所提高。     

基于简化的PCNN在超声乳腺癌图像去噪方面的应用

针对乳腺癌超声图像中斑点对诊断的影响,提出一种基于简化的脉冲耦合神经网络(simplified pulse-coupled neuralNetwork,SPCNN)的去噪新方法,并将此方法应用于乳腺癌超声图像滤波。首先利用简化的PCNN定位极端脉冲噪声点并利用中值滤波滤除椒盐噪声,然后利用PCNN赋时矩阵采用分类滤波自适应调节灰度值滤除高斯噪声。用实验图像验证了方法的有效性,然后将此方法应用于乳腺癌的超声图像中进行滤波,实验结果证实该方法对混合噪声在滤波效果和保护细节方面具有优势,对乳腺癌的超声图像能较好地滤除噪声,同时保证了细节,结合医学诊断证实了该方法的有效性。     

Enhancement of the ultrasound images by modified anisotropic diffusion method

Speckle is a primary factor which degrades the contrast resolution and masks the meaningful texture information present in an ultrasound image. Its presence severely hampers the interpretation and analysis of ultrasound images. When speckle reduction technique is applied for visual enhancement of ultrasound images, it is to be kept in mind that blurring associated with speckle reduction should be less and fine details are properly enhanced. With these points in consideration, the modified speckle reduction anisotropic diffusion (MSRAD) method is proposed in the present study to improve the visual quality of the ultrasound images. In the proposed MSRAD method, the four neighboring pixel template in speckle reduction anisotropic diffusion (SRAD) method of Yu and Acton (IEEE Trans Image Process 11:1260–1270, 2002) have been replaced by a new template of larger number of neighboring pixels to calculate the diffusion term. To enhance visual quality of ultrasound images, nonquadratic regularization (Yu and Yadegar, Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on image processing, 2006) is incorporated with MSRAD method and accordingly changes in parameter settings have been made. The performance of MSRAD method was evaluated using clinical ultrasound images, interpretation by the medical experts and results of MSRAD method by subjective and objective criteria.     

Enhancing obstetric and gynecology ultrasound images by adaptation of the speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion filter

OBJECTIVE: So far there is no ideal speckle reduction filtering technique that is capable of enhancing and reducing the level of noise in medical ultrasound (US) images, while efficiently responding to medical experts' validation criteria which quite often include a subjective component. This paper presents an interactive tool called evolutionary speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion filter (EVOSRAD) that performs adaptive speckle filtering on ultrasound B-mode still images. The medical expert runs the algorithm interactively, having a permanent control over the output, and guiding the filtering process towards obtaining enhanced images that agree to his/her subjective quality criteria. METHODS AND MATERIAL: We employ an interactive evolutionary algorithm (IGA) to adapt on-line the parameters of a speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion (SRAD) filter. For a given input US image, the algorithm evolves the parameters of the SRAD filter according to subjective criteria of the medical expert who runs the interactive algorithm. The method and its validation are applied to a test bed comprising both real and simulated obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) ultrasound images. RESULTS: The potential of the method is analyzed in comparison to other speckle reduction filters: the original SRAD filter, the anisotropic diffusion, offset and median filters. Results obtained show the good potential of the method on several classes of OB/GYN ultrasound images, as well as on a synthetic image simulating a real fetal US image. Quality criteria for the evaluation and validation of the method include subjective scoring given by the medical expert who runs the interactive method, as well as objective global and local quality criteria. CONCLUSIONS: The method presented allows the medical expert to design its own filters according to the degree of medical expertise as well as to particular and often subjective assessment criteria. A filter is designed for a given class of ultrasound images and for a given medical expert who will later use the respective filter in clinical practice. The process of designing a filter is simple and employs an interactive visualization and scoring stage that does not require image processing knowledge. Results show that filters tailored using the presented method achieve better quality scores than other more generic speckle filtering techniques.     

Novel Genetic-Neuro-Fuzzy Filter for Speckle Reduction from Sonography Images

Edge-preserving speckle noise reduction is essential to computer-aided ultrasound image processing and understanding. A new class of genetic-neuro-fuzzy filter is proposed to optimize the trade-off between speckle noise removal and edge preservation. The proposed approach combines the advantages of the fuzzy, neural, and genetic paradigms. Neuro-fuzzy approaches are very promising for nonlinear filtering of noisy images. Fuzzy reasoning embedded into the network structure aims at reducing errors while fine details are being processed. The learning method based on the real-time genetic algorithms (GAs) performs an effective training of the network from a collection of training data and yields satisfactory results after a few generations.The performance of the proposed filter has been compared with that of the commonly used median and Wiener filters in reducing speckle noises on ultrasound images. We evaluate this filter by passing the filters output to the edge detection algorithm and observing its ability to detect edge pixels.Experimental results show that the proposed genetic-neuro-fuzzy technique is very effective in speckle noise reduction as well as detail preserving even in the presence of highly noise corrupted data, and it works significantly better than other well-known conventional methods in the literature.     

基于光学相干层析离体牙图像的去噪算法研究

目的光学相干层析成像因其高分辨率、无损等优点,适于早期龋检测;但由于系统中存在的噪声,影响其成像质量。为了重建牙齿的原貌信息,需寻找一种适于早期龋检测的光学相干层析成像实时图像去噪算法。方法比较平均曲率流滤波、非线性扩散拉普拉斯金字塔算法、非局部均值滤波3种滤波方法对光学相干层析人离体牙图像的去噪效果,从噪声抑制、边界保持、运算时间3方面分析上述3种算法的实时去噪性能及其优缺点。结果非局部均值滤波在噪声抑制和边界保持2个方面能达到很好的平衡,但实时性差;而非线性扩散拉普拉斯金字塔算法则能在滤波效果和运算效率达到较好的平衡;平均曲率流滤波次之。结论非线性扩散拉普拉斯金字塔算法较适于早期龋检测的光学相干层析成像实时图像去噪。     

Speckle reduction in ultrasound medical images using adaptive filter based on second order statistics

This article discusses an adaptive filtering technique for reducing speckle using second order statistics of the speckle pattern in ultrasound medical images. Several region-based adaptive filter techniques have been developed for speckle noise suppression, but there are no specific criteria for selecting the region growing size in the post processing of the filter. The size appropriate for one local region may not be appropriate for other regions. Selection of the correct region size involves a trade-off between speckle reduction and edge preservation. Generally, a large region size is used to smooth speckle and a small size to preserve the edges into an image. In this paper, a smoothing procedure combines the first order statistics of speckle for the homogeneity test and second order statistics for selection of filters and desired region growth. Grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) is calculated for every region during the region contraction and region growing for second order statistics. Further, these GLCM features determine the appropriate filter for the region smoothing. The performance of this approach is compared with the aggressive region-growing filter (ARGF) using edge preservation and speckle reduction tests. The processed image results show that the proposed method effectively reduces speckle noise and preserves edge details.     

Speckle reduction in ultrasound medical images using adaptive filter based on second order statistics

This article discusses an adaptive filtering technique for reducing speckle using second order statistics of the speckle pattern in ultrasound medical images. Several region-based adaptive filter techniques have been developed for speckle noise suppression, but there are no specific criteria for selecting the region growing size in the post processing of the filter. The size appropriate for one local region may not be appropriate for other regions. Selection of the correct region size involves a trade-off between speckle reduction and edge preservation. Generally, a large region size is used to smooth speckle and a small size to preserve the edges into an image. In this paper, a smoothing procedure combines the first order statistics of speckle for the homogeneity test and second order statistics for selection of filters and desired region growth. Grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) is calculated for every region during the region contraction and region growing for second order statistics. Further, these GLCM features determine the appropriate filter for the region smoothing. The performance of this approach is compared with the aggressive region-growing filter (ARGF) using edge preservation and speckle reduction tests. The processed image results show that the proposed method effectively reduces speckle noise and preserves edge details.     

Homomorphic wavelet thresholding technique for denoising medical ultrasound images

A novel homomorphic wavelet thresholding technique for reducing speckle noise in medical ultrasound images is presented. First, we show that the speckle wavelet coefficients in the logarithmically transformed ultrasound images are best described by the Nakagami family of distributions. By exploiting this speckle model and the Laplacian signal prior, a closed form, data-driven, and spatially adaptive threshold is derived in the Bayesian framework. The spatial adaptivity allows the additional information of the image (such as identification of homogeneous or heterogeneous regions) to be incorporated into the algorithm. Further, the threshold has been extended to the redundant wavelet representation, which yields better results than the decimated wavelet transform. Experimental results demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed method over other well-known speckle reduction filters. The application of the proposed method to a realistic US test image shows that the new technique, named HomoGenThresh, outperforms the best wavelet-based denoising method reported in [1] by more than 1.6 dB, Lee filter by 3.6 dB, Kaun filter by 3.1 dB and band-adaptive soft thresholding [2] by 2.1 dB at an input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 13.6 dB.     

基于复小波域非线性扩散的超声图像去噪

超声图像易受斑点噪声的干扰,限制了其在医学诊断中的进一步应用。提出了一种将双树复小波变换(DT-CWT)与非线性扩散相结合的超声图像去噪方法。首先,对图像进行双树复小波分解;然后,高频部分和低频部分分别采用自适应对比度扩散和全变差扩散,最后重构图像。给出了实验结果,并与小波阈值收缩和全变差扩散结合的方法、基于小波和基于多小波的非线性扩散方法的图像去噪效果进行了比较。结果表明,本文提出的方法去噪效果更为优越:不但抑制噪声的能力更强,而且能够更好地保留超声图像原有的边缘和纹理特征。