胸部结节病CT影像表现

目的:分析胸部结节病cT影像,探讨其典型性及小典型件,以进一步提高认识,帮助诊断.方法:回顾性分析38例确诊的胸部结节病CT图像,男12例,女26例,年龄17-56岁,平均45.2岁CT扫描层厚7mm或5mm,同时均有1mm或1.25ram薄层图像,32例完成增强扫描结果:全部有肺门或纵隔淋巴结肿大,典型)双侧肺门对称件淋巴结肿人及纵隔右气管旁和主肺动脉窗淋巴结肿大33例(86.8%).出现肺部病,变21例(55.3%),典型网织结节改变12例(57.1%),5例出现奇特的双下肺斑片和不规则结节伴有网格线影.不典型淋巴结表现的5例结节病中3例有奇特肺内改变.结论:胸部结节病多数有双侧肺门对称性淋巴结肿大及纵隔右气管旁和主肺动脉窗淋巴结肿大的典型表现,有高特异性.奇特的双下肺斑片和不规则结节伴有网格线影可能有助于不典型胸部结节病的诊断.     

Managing Incidental Findings on Thoracic CT: Lung Findings. A White Paper of the ACR Incidental Findings Committee

The ACR Incidental Findings Committee presents recommendations for managing incidentally detected lung findings on thoracic CT. The Chest Subcommittee is composed of thoracic radiologists who endorsed and developed the provided guidance. These recommendations represent a combination of current published evidence and expert opinion and were finalized by informal iterative consensus. The recommendations address commonly encountered incidental findings in the lungs and are not intended to be a comprehensive review of all pulmonary incidental findings. The goal is to improve the quality of care by providing guidance on management of incidentally detected thoracic findings.     

Managing Incidental Thyroid Nodules Detected on Imaging: White Paper of the ACR Incidental Thyroid Findings Committee

The incidental thyroid nodule (ITN) is one of the most common incidental findings on imaging studies that include the neck. An ITN is defined as a nodule not previously detected or suspected clinically, but identified by an imaging study. The workup of ITNs has led to increased costs from additional procedures, and in some cases, to increased risk to the patient because physicians are naturally concerned about the risk of malignancy and a delayed cancer diagnosis. However, the majority of ITNs are benign, and small, incidental thyroid malignancies typically have indolent behavior. The ACR formed the Incidental Thyroid Findings Committee to derive a practical approach to managing ITNs on CT, MRI, nuclear medicine, and ultrasound studies. This white paper describes consensus recommendations representing this committee’s review of the literature and their practice experience.     

Anomalous Origin of the Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery in Children and Adults: A Pictorial Review of Cardiac Imaging Findings

Anomalous origin of the coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is a rare and potentially fatal congenital heart defect. Up to 90% of infants with an anomaly involving the left coronary artery die within the first year of life if left untreated. Patients who survive beyond infancy are at risk of sudden cardiac death. Cardiac CT and MRI are increasingly being used for the accurate diagnosis of this anomaly for prompt surgical restoration of the dual coronary artery system. Moreover, life-long imaging surveillance after surgery is necessary for these patients. In this pictorial review, multimodal cardiac imaging findings of this rare and potentially fatal coronary artery anomaly are comprehensively discussed, and representative images are provided to facilitate the understanding of this anomaly.     

Detection of Cardiac Incidental Findings on Routine Chest CT: The Impact of Dedicated Training in Cardiac Imaging

PurposeRoutine chest CT and cardiac CT angiography (CTA) both image the heart, albeit with different precision and intent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic ability of radiologists with different levels of cardiac training to identify cardiac findings on chest CT without electrocardiographic gating compared with a reference standard of electrocardiographically gated cardiac CTA.MethodsElectrocardiographically gated cardiac CT angiographic studies performed between January 2005 to January 2010 in patients with routine chest CT within six months were retrospectively identified. Fourteen radiologists at four stages of training (stage 1, residents with no cardiac training [n = 4]; stage 2, residents who had completed at least one dedicated rotation of cardiac imaging [n = 3]; stage 3, radiologists without cardiac training [n = 3]; and stage 4, radiologists with formal cardiac fellowship training [n = 4]) performed blinded, anonymized cardiac readings of chest CT images. Findings were categorized (coronary arterial, noncoronary vessel, cardiac chamber, myocardial, pericardial, and valve findings) with cardiac CTA as a reference standard.ResultsOverall, 140 cardiac CT angiographic findings were reported in 63 of 77 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of nongated CTA were 43.6%, 96.8%, 83.0%, 81.6%, and 81.8%, respectively, for all readers. Increasing training was associated with higher sensitivity (30.3%, 35.7%, 45.7%, and 61.2% from stages 1 to 4) but similar specificity (96.4%, 96.7%, 96.3%, and 97.6% from stages 1 to 4). Frequently missed findings categories were coronary arterial, myocardial, and cardiac chamber findings.ConclusionsIncreasing cardiac imaging training correlates with increased sensitivity and stable specificity to detect cardiac findings on routine chest CT without electrocardiographic gating. Cardiac findings should be noted on chest CT when observed, and cardiac training should be encouraged.     

Rethinking Normal: Benefits and Risks of Not Reporting Harmless Incidental Findings

The authors explore the benefits and risks of not reporting imaging findings that do not have clinical relevance, with the goal of developing recommendations to reduce their reporting. The authors review the example of incidentally detected, simple renal cysts (Bosniak category I), including medicolegal conditions required for such a shift in reporting practices to be acceptable. The authors propose four potential criteria for not reporting clinically unimportant findings and recommend that these criteria be debated in other contexts, so that they can be refined and implemented.     

Managing Incidental Findings on Thoracic CT: Mediastinal and Cardiovascular Findings. A White Paper of the ACR Incidental Findings Committee

The ACR Incidental Findings Committee presents recommendations for managing incidentally detected mediastinal and cardiovascular findings found on CT. The Chest Subcommittee was composed of thoracic radiologists who developed the provided guidance. These recommendations represent a combination of current published evidence and expert opinion and were finalized by informal iterative consensus. The recommendations address the most commonly encountered mediastinal and cardiovascular incidental findings and are not intended to be a comprehensive review of all incidental findings associated with these compartments. Our goal is to improve the quality of care by providing guidance on how to manage incidentally detected thoracic findings.     

Tricuspid Valve Imaging and Right Ventricular Function Analysis Using Cardiac CT and MRI

Cardiac computed tomography (CT) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) can reveal the detailed anatomy and function of the tricuspid valve and right ventricle (RV). Quantification of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and analysis of RV function have prognostic implications. With the recently available transcatheter treatment options for diseases of the tricuspid valve, evaluation of the tricuspid valve using CT and CMR has become important in terms of patient selection and procedural guidance. Moreover, CT enables post-procedural investigation of the causes of valve dysfunction, such as pannus or thrombus. This review describes the anatomy of the tricuspid valve and CT and CMR imaging protocols for right heart evaluation, including RV function and TR analyses. We also demonstrate the pre-procedural planning for transcatheter treatment of TR and imaging of postoperative complications using CT.     

视网膜母细胞瘤的影像学表现及其临床价值

目的　探讨视网膜母细胞瘤的CT、MRI表现及其诊断、鉴别诊断价值。方法　回顾性分析 3 2例经手术病理 (2 9例 )和临床证实 (3例 )的视网膜母细胞瘤。所有病例均行CT检查 ,11例行MRI检查。结果　具有典型CT表现者 2 8例 :①眼球壁上软组织密度块影向球内隆起 ;②斑点状或团块状钙化。 3例视神经增粗 ,其中 1例伴鞍上肿块。 4例瘤内无钙化。MRI显示 11例球内肿块同时伴有视网膜下积液、出血 2例 ,显示有低信号钙化灶 2例 ,视神经增粗 2例。CT与MRI检查对视网膜母细胞瘤敏感性相同。定性诊断准确率 :CT 90 .63 % (2 9/3 2 ) ,MRI 81.82 % (9/11)。分期准确率 :CT 93 .10 % (2 7/2 9) ,MRI 10 0 % (9/9)。结论　CT对肿瘤定性诊断具有重要意义。MRI检查对肿瘤分期较优越。对无钙化肿瘤辅以MRI检查可提高定性诊断准确率     

Incidental vascular findings on CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA)

Background:

CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is being used increasingly as a diagnostic modality for patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). CTPA frequently reveals incidental findings that may explain the patient’s presentation. These findings could be parenchymal, pleural, or vascular. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spectrum of incidental vascular findings and their significance.

Methods

A retrospective review was done on 508 CTPAs of adults with suspicion of PE in the University of Missouri between June and December of 2009. Forty-three scans were excluded because of motion artifacts or poor contrast. Of the total 465 scans, 39% (180/465) scans were done in the emergency room.

Results

Calcification of the aorta and coronary arteries was the most common finding 27% (124/465), followed by dilatation of the pulmonary trunk 3.4% (16/465) and thoracic aortic aneurysms 1.5% (7/465). Four cases of aberrant right subclavian artery were found. The rest of the findings were rare and were detected in only one or two patients.

Conclusion

CTPA delineates vascular findings other than PE. The majority of these findings are not acute, but warrant recognition and follow up. In less than 1% of the cases, aortic dissection is detected, which might explain the patient’s presentation.     

Incidence and Economic Impact of Incidental Findings on 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging

Purpose

The study sought to determine the incidence of incidental findings on whole-body positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging and the average costs of investigations to follow-up or further characterize incidental findings.

亨廷顿病的影像学表现

目的 报道亨廷顿病的影像学表现. 资料与方法 分析1例经基因检测证实的亨廷顿病患者CT、MRI、氢质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)、正电子发射体层成像(PET/CT)影像学表现,并复习文献. 结果 头颅CT及MRI提示双侧尾状核萎缩,侧脑室前角扩大.尾状核头部最大直径、壳核最大直径值减低、双尾状核比率和双额角比率值增高.1H-MRS出现异常乳酸峰并提示基底节区N-乙酰天门冬氨酸/肌酸值减低,胆碱复合物/肌酸值增高.PET/CT示双侧基底节代谢减低. 结论 1H-MRS代谢异常及PET/CT基底节区代谢减低有助于诊断亨廷顿病.