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1.
Kate Hanneman Marie E. Faughnan Vikramaditya Prabhudesai 《Journal l'Association canadienne des radiologistes》2014
Purpose
To determine the cumulative effective dose (CED) of radiation from medical imaging and intervention in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) who have pulmonary arteriovenous malformations and to identify clinical factors associated with exposure to high levels of radiation.Methods
All patients with at least 1 pulmonary arteriovenous malformation were identified from the dedicated patient database of a tertiary HHT referral centre. Computerized imaging and electronic patient records were systematically examined to identify all imaging studies performed from 1989-2010. The effective dose was determined for each study, and CED was calculated retrospectively.Results
Among 246 patients (mean age, 53 years; 62.2% women) with a total of 2065 patient-years, 3309 procedures that involved ionizing radiation were performed. CED ranged from 0.2-307.6 mSv, with a mean of 51.7 mSv. CED exceeded 100 mSv in 26 patients (11%). Interventional procedures and computed tomography (CT) were the greatest contributors, which accounted for 51% and 46% of the total CED, respectively. Factors associated with high cumulative exposure were epistaxis (odds ratio 2.7 [95% confidence interval, 1.1-6.3]; P = .02), HHT-related gastrointestinal bleeding (odds ratio 2.0 [95% confidence interval, 1.0-3.8]; P = .04) and number of patient-years (P < .0001).Conclusions
Patients with HHT are exposed to a significant cumulative radiation dose from diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Identifiable subsets of patients are at increased risk. A proportion of patients receive doses at levels that are associated with harm. Imaging indications and doses should be optimized to reduce radiation exposure in this population. 相似文献2.
Rebecca Zener Peter Johnson Daniele Wiseman Sachin Pandey Amol Mujoomdar 《Journal l'Association canadienne des radiologistes》2018,69(1):30-37
Purpose
To explore the patient perception on radiation-related cancer risk from interventional radiology (IR) procedures and whether informed radiation consent is warranted.Methods
A multiple-choice survey was prospectively administered to 68 adults undergoing a body or neuro-IR procedure with ionizing radiation exposure. Subgroup analysis with chi-square or Fisher exact test was performed based on patient past IR history (P < .05).Results
A total of 81% of patients wanted to be informed if there was a radiation-related 3% increased cancer risk over 5 years. Although 55% considered 3% a small risk, 28% wanted to further discuss the risks and alternate options, and 15% would have only proceeded if it were a life-saving procedure: 89%, 80%, and 67% of patients wanted to be informed with exposure risks of 1 in 100, 1 in 1000, and 1 in 10,000, respectively. Only 53% were aware they were going to be exposed to radiation, irrespective of past IR history (P = .15). Most patients believed radiation consent should include radiation-related cancer risks (85%). No past IR history was significantly associated with wanting consent to include cancer-related risk (100% vs 76%; P = .01) and deterministic risks (70% vs 41%; P = .04). A majority (69%) believed both the referring physician and the interventional radiologist were responsible for obtaining radiation consent, and 65% of patients wanted verbal consent followed by signed written consent, regardless of past IR history.Conclusions
Many patients want to discuss cancer-related radiation risks with both radiologists and physicians. Informed radiation consent should be considered for procedures with high anticipated radiation doses. 相似文献3.
Michel M Jacob S Roger G Pelosse B Laurier D Le Pointe HD Bernier MO 《European journal of radiology》2012,81(8):1896-1900
Objectives
The deterministic character of radiation-induced cataract is being called into question, raising the possibility of a risk in patients, especially children, exposed to ionizing radiation in case of repeated head CT-scans. This study aims to estimate the eye lens doses of a pediatric population exposed to repeated head CTs and to assess the feasibility of an epidemiological study.Methods
Children treated for a cholesteatoma, who had had at least one CT-scan of the middle ear before their tenth birthday, were included. Radiation exposure has been assessed from medical records and telephone interviews.Results
Out of the 39 subjects contacted, 32 accepted to participate. A total of 76 CT-scans were retrieved from medical records. At the time of the interview (mean age: 16 years), the mean number of CT per child was 3. Cumulative mean effective and eye lens doses were 1.7 mSv and 168 mGy, respectively.Conclusion
A relatively high lens radiation dose was observed in children exposed to repeated CT-scans. Due to that exposure and despite the difficulties met when trying to reach patients’ families, a large scale epidemiological study should be performed in order to assess the risk of radiation-induced cataracts associated with repeated head CT. 相似文献4.
Objectives
The use of ionising radiation in medical imaging is accompanied with occupational exposure which should be limited by optimised room design and safety instructions. These measures can however not prevent that workers are exposed to instantaneous dose rates, e.g. the residual exposure through shielding or the exposure of discharged nuclear medicine patients. The latter elements are often questioned by workers and detailed assessment should give more information about the impact on the individual radiation dose.Methods
Cumulated radiation exposure was measured in a university hospital during a period of 6 months by means of thermoluminescent dosimeters. Radiation exposure was measured at background locations and at locations where enhanced exposure levels are expected but where the impact on the individual exposure is unclear.Results
The results show a normal distribution of the cumulated background radiation level. No enhanced cumulated radiation exposure which significantly differs from this background level could be found during the operation of intra-oral apparatus, during ultrasonography procedures among nuclear medicine patients and at operator consoles of most CT-rooms.Conclusions
This 6 months survey offers useful information about occupational low level exposure in medical imaging and the findings can be useful in both risk communication and decision making. 相似文献5.
Jason A. Robins Najla Fasih Mark E. Schweitzer 《Journal l'Association canadienne des radiologistes》2014
Purpose
We present an analysis of various types and strata of complaints received in a geographically isolated tertiary care center over a 2.5-year period.Methods
Research ethics board approval was obtained. The institution described is a closed system with formalized procedures for submitting complaints. All complaints submitted between November 2010 and March 2013 were collected retrospectively. The following data were extracted: type of complainant, nature of the complaint, site or modality of concern, dates in question, and the response. The data were analysed in multiple subgroups and compared with patient and study volume data.Results
The frequency of complaints equalled 0.01% (100/1,050,000). The largest group of those who submitted complaints were patients (69% [69/100]), followed by referring physicians (16%). Examination scheduling and interpersonal conflicts were equally of greatest frequency of concern (21% [21/100]), followed by issues with study reporting (16%). The average time interval between complaint submission and formal address was 15 days.Conclusions
We present a low frequency of complaints, with the majority of these complaints submitted by patients; scheduling and personal interactions were most often involved. Effective communication, both with patients and referring physicians, was identified as a particular focus for improving satisfaction. 相似文献6.
7.
Lucian Krille Gaël P. Hammer Hiltrud Merzenich Hajo Zeeb 《European journal of radiology》2010,76(1):36-41
Background
The frequent use of computed tomography is a major cause of the increasing medical radiation exposure of the general population. Consequently, dose reduction and radiation protection is a topic of scientific and public concern.Aim
We evaluated the available literature on physicians’ knowledge regarding radiation dosages and risks due to computed tomography.Methods
A systematic review in accordance with the Cochrane and PRISMA statements was performed using eight databases. 3091 references were found. Only primary studies assessing physicians’ knowledge about computed tomography were included.Results
14 relevant articles were identified, all focussing on dose estimations for CT. Overall, the surveys showed moderate to low knowledge among physicians concerning radiation doses and the involved health risks. However, the surveys varied considerably in conduct and quality. For some countries, more than one survey was available. There was no general trend in knowledge in any country except a slight improvement of knowledge on health risks and radiation doses in two consecutive local German surveys.Conclusions
Knowledge gaps concerning radiation doses and associated health risks among physicians are evident from published research. However, knowledge on radiation doses cannot be interpreted as reliable indicator for good medical practice. 相似文献8.
9.
Sergio Salerno Cosimo Nardi Chiara Tudisca Domenica Matranga Federica Vernuccio Ambra Di Piazza Valeria Selvi Stefano Colagrande 《La Radiologia medica》2018,123(10):788-798
Aims and objectives
According to the European directive 2013/59/Euratom, starting from February 2018, the information relating to patient exposure will be part of computed tomography (CT) reports, but the impact of this information on patients has not been deeply evaluated. Aim of our study was to evaluate patients’ perception of radiation exposure related to routine CT and their understanding after communication of their dose exposure.Materials and methods
A survey, investigating patient’s knowledge of radiation dose, was given to all adult patients (>?18 years) undergoing a CT examination both before and after CT scan. The first survey was the same for all patients. After CT scan, a second questionnaire was administered (after receiving the CT dose bill report and medical written and/or explanation about ionizing radiation risk). Results of the pre- and post-CT questionnaires responses were compared according to demographics characteristics and among the four post-CT groups.Results
For some questions, statistically significant differences were found between the two centres. Seventy per cent of the patients answered that the presence of CT parameters in the report is considered useful. Even if not always statistically significant there was a slight increase in awareness of ionizing radiation risk comparing the pre- and post-CT surveys. The group that had both written and oral explanations had a better comprehension of CT dose bill (group III vs. I, p?=?0.002).Conclusion
The way of communication of ionizing radiation risks did not affect the results of the post-CT survey. Indeed, the interest in the topic did not rise in the post-CT survey in any of the group. Adequate information about ionizing radiation risks provided together with dose exposure information may be useful. However, there is not a standardized better way of communicating information on ionizing radiation risks due to CT.10.
Hazim Ibrahim Tantawy Faten Fawzy Mohamad Ayman Mohammad Ismael 《The Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine》2010
Background
Meningiomas are the commonest primary, non-glial intracranial tumors. The diagnosis is often correctly predicted from characteristic imaging appearances. Some meningiomas have atypical imaging appearance that may cause diagnostic confusion.Aim
Is to evaluate the role of advanced MR imaging techniques in differentiating typical from atypical and malignant meningiomas before surgery.Patient
Thirty patients were retrospectively included in this study. They were referred from Neurosurgery Department and all of them suspected to have intracranial meningioma according to the contrast enhanced CT.Methods
All patients were subjected to conventional magnetic resonance imaging followed by advanced magnetic resonance imaging in the form of diffusion weighted imaging, perfusion weighted imaging and MR spectroscopy by single-voxel techniques.Results
The overall results based on differentiation of typical from atypical and malignant meningiomas by advanced MRI techniques. Twenty four patients had typical meningioma and 6 patients had atypical and malignant Meningiomas by advanced MRI techniques.Conclusion
Appearance of meningiomas on DWIs and the calculation of ADC values could be correlated with their histopathological grading. On MRS, alanine was not found to be increased in all meningiomas, so MRS cannot reliably differentiate typical intracranial meningomas from atypical meningiomas. 相似文献11.
Enass M. Khattab Ghada Abdulmonaem Ahmed Zain El-Abden Al-Attar 《The Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine》2012
Purpose
The purpose of our study was to assess the value of functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) in evaluating patients with recurrent cancer breast after breast conservative therapy (BCT) and radiation therapy by the presence of the choline-containing compounds (Cho) as a marker of malignancy.Patients and methods
Twenty-six patients were included in the study all the patients were subjected to previous BCT and associated radiation therapy. All of them were suspected to have tumor recurrence by clinical examinations, periodic mammographic examination and or ultrasonography. All the patients were submitted to dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) followed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 1.5 T MRI machine.Results
Local recurrence was confirmed by histopathology in 19 patients, MRS detected 18 patients with sensitivity of 94.7%, false positive was seen in one patient in whom histopathology revealed inflammatory mastitis (specificity 85.7%). One patient was false negative diagnosed by histopathology as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with negative predictive value of 85.7% and overall accuracy of 92.3%.Conclusion
In our study breast MRS using choline (Cho) integral was accurate in evaluating patients with recurrent breast masses after BCT and radiation therapy. It reaches a high level of diagnostic performance. 相似文献12.
Daniel F. Worsley Don C. Wilson John E. Powe Francois Benard 《Journal l'Association canadienne des radiologistes》2010
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) results on patient management from a single Canadian oncology center during its first 2 years of operation.Methods
A total of 3,779 consecutive patients, 18 years of age and older, who were referred for PET-CT imaging at the British Columbia Cancer Agency between July 1, 2005 and June 30, 2007, were included in this analysis. Results were tabulated from a standard questionnaire, which was given to referring physicians following completion of their patient's PET-CT study.Results
From July 1, 2005 to June 30, 2007, 3,779 consecutive fluoro-2-deoxyglucose PET-CT examinations were performed in patients aged 18 years or older. A total of 3,429 referring-physician surveys (90.7%) were returned. The results of the PET-CT study resulted in a change in treatment decision in 49.8% of the studies and resulted in improved decision making in 83.2% of the studies.Conclusion
This series demonstrated that the results from PET-CT studies performed at a single Canadian oncology center during the first 2 years of its operation altered patient management in 50% of cases and resulted in improved decision making in the majority of cases. 相似文献13.
Claire Boutet Laure Rouffiange-Leclair Pierre Garnier Sara Quenet Daphné Delsart Jérôme Varvat Magali Epinat Fabien Schneider Jean-Christophe Antoine Patrick Mismetti Fabrice-Guy Barral 《European journal of radiology》2014
Purpose
To compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain feature in cryptogenic stroke patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO), cryptogenic stroke patients without PFO and patients with cardioembolic stroke.Materials and methods
The ethics committee required neither institutional review board approval nor informed patient consent for retrospective analyses of the patients’ medical records and imaging data. The patients’ medical files were retrospectively reviewed in accordance with human subject research protocols. Ninety-two patients under 60 years of age were included: 15 with cardioembolic stroke, 32 with cryptogenic stroke with PFO and 45 with cryptogenic stroke without PFO. Diffusion-weighted imaging of brain MRI was performed by a radiologist blinded to clinical data. Univariate, Fischer's exact test for qualitative data and non-parametric Wilcoxon test for quantitative data were used.Results
There was no statistically significant difference found between MRI features of patients with PFO and those with cardioembolic stroke (p < .05). Patients without PFO present more corticosubcortical single lesions (p < .05) than patients with PFO. Patients with PFO have more often subcortical single lesions larger than 15 mm, involvement of posterior cerebral arterial territory and intracranial occlusion (p < .05) than patients with cryptogenic stroke without PFO.Conclusion
Our study suggests a cardioembolic mechanism in ischemic stroke with PFO. 相似文献14.
Purpose and aim
To assess the role of MSCT angiography in evaluation of extra-cardiac vascular abnormalities in pulmonary venous anomalies and compare it with echocardiography.Materials and methods
This study included 26 patients with an age range of 15 days–25 years. All of these patients underwent MSCT angiography and echocardiography. Only 10 patients underwent cardiac catheterization.Results
Our initial experience showed that MSCT is capable of complementing echocardiography and replacing diagnostic cardiac catheterization for anatomical delineation if performed with an optimum technique.MSCT angiography proved to be a worthy primary investigation tool in patients whom ECHO has been able to clearly identify the intracardiac anatomy, but not the extra-cardiac vascular anatomy.Conclusion
MDCT correctly depicted the TAPVR (Total anomalous pulmonary venous return) and PAPVR (Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return) types of pulmonary venous anomalies with sensitivity 100%, and specificity 100%. The specificity of echocardiography was 50% for both findings. Inspite of the risk of ionizing radiation and contrast medium injection the adoption of our minimal invasive, low radiation, non-ECG gated protocol greatly reduces the time, radiation dose, and contrast medium volume needed to perform an optimum CT angiographic technique. Thus, paving a clear road map for pre and post operative assessment of patients with pulmonary venous anomalies. 相似文献15.
Aim of this study
The aim of this study was to assess the rule of imaging in the superior orbital fissure syndrome (SOFS) and to identify the rule of the radiologist in guidance of the management.Material and methods
This study was conducted on 7 patients with clinical diagnosis of SOFS. Contrast enhanced MRI was used in examination of all patients. With exception of metastatic lesions, follow up MRI study was performed to all lesions. Final diagnosis was reached either by dramatic response to cortico-steroid therapy, tissue biopsy or by correlation with clinical and other imaging data.Results
In all patients enhancing abnormal T1 and T2 intermediate intensities are seen localized to the anatomical site of the superior orbital fissure (SOF). Four patients presented with sheet like enhancement casting the SOF. Nodular enhancement is noted along the medial aspect of the SOF in one case. Two patients presented with sizable destructive space occupying lesions at SOF.Conclusion
In management of SOFS, if there is a dramatic clinical and radiological response to corticosteroid therapy, we recommend MRI follow-up study after 6 week interval. As the symptoms were resolving, the potential risks associated with tissue biopsy from that area will be unacceptable. 相似文献16.
Tomás Ripollés María J. Martínez-Pérez José M. Paredes José Vizuete Esteban García-Martínez David H. Jiménez-Restrepo 《European journal of radiology》2013
Aim
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to differentiate between intra-abdominal phlegmon and abscess.Methods
We retrospectively reviewed all contrast-enhanced ultrasound performed between June 2006 and May 2012 to identify patients with the terms “inflammatory mass”, “phlegmon” or “abscess” on the sonographic report. The initial CEUS report was used for the diagnosis of phlegmon or abscess.Results
71 inflammatory masses in 50 patients were identified in CEUS examination. 57 masses, 21 phlegmons and 36 abscesses, were confirmed by other imaging techniques, percutaneous drainage or surgery. CEUS specificity for the diagnosis of abscess was 100%. Kappa coefficient between CEUS and other techniques in the diagnosis of phlegmon or abscess was excellent (kappa = 0.972). Only in one patient surgery detected a small abscess (<2 cm) within a phlegmon that not was detected by CEUS. Statistically significant differences were found between the size of the abscesses before and after contrast agent injection. The interobserver agreement in the diagnosis of phlegmon or abscess was excellent (kappa = 0.953).Conclusions
CEUS is an accurate method for differentiating between intra-abdominal phlegmon and abscess in gastrointestinal conditions, especially in CD. Its use may help to better define the size of the collections and avoid other techniques that use ionizing radiation. CEUS should be used to confirm an inflammatory mass identified at US. 相似文献17.
Ahmed Fathy Abdel-Ghany Mohamed Amin Nassef Noha Mohamed Osman 《The Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine》2013
Objective
To assess the role of MDCT chest with bronchial and pulmonary angiography in determining the cause, site of bleeding, and its vascular origin in patients presenting with hemoptysis.Materials and methods
Fifty patients suffering from hemoptysis were evaluated by MDCT with bronchial and pulmonary angiographic techniques.Results
MDCT chest with angiography revealed the cause in 84% of cases, the site and vascular origin in 76% of cases presenting with hemoptysis.Conclusion
MDCT of the chest with bronchial and pulmonary angiography is considered a primary noninvasive imaging modality in the evaluation of patients with hemoptysis. It also serves as a guide for other diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. 相似文献18.
Jans L Jaremko J Ditchfield M De Coninck T Huysse W Moon A Verstraete K 《European journal of radiology》2012,81(11):3384-3389
Purpose
To determine if ossification variants of the femoral condyles involving the subchondral bone plate are associated with osteochondritis dissecans (OCD).Materials and methods
The prevalence of ossification variants of the unaffected femoral condyle in 116 patients (aged 9–14 years) with unicondylar OCD on MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of the knee was compared to a control group of 579 patients (aged 9–14 years) without OCD. The evolution of the ossification variants in both groups was studied by reviewing follow-up MR imaging side by side with the baseline study.Results
The prevalence of ossification variants in the unaffected condyle in patients with OCD (12.9%) and in the control group of patients without OCD (12.6%) was similar (p = 0.88).Evolution of ossification variants to OCD was not seen on follow-up MRI examinations. All variants had decreased in size or were no longer visible.Conclusion
Ossification variants of the femoral condyle that involve the subchondral bone plate are not associated with OCD.Clinical relevance statement
Ossification variants are not associated with OCD, indicating that routine MRI follow-up in affected children is not mandatory. 相似文献19.
Khaled A. Ahmad Yosra A. Ibrahim Nayera Z. Saber Bassem A. Darwish 《The Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine》2014
Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) describes an age-related, heterogeneous group of disorders characterized pathologically by focal areas of loss of articular cartilage in synovial joints, associated with varying degrees of osteophyte formation, subchondral bone change, and synovitis. Currently, cartilage repair remains a major challenge for physicians, being avascular with limited regenerative capacity. Stem cell therapy opened new horizons for hyaline cartilage repair. Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) due to their multi-lineage potential, immunosuppressive activities, and limited immunogenicity, were tried as an intra articular injection.Aim of study
To find out the regenerative effect of repeated intra articular injections of autologous PBSC in knee joints of OA patients using MR cartilage imaging.Methods
10 patients (3 males and 7 females) diagnosed with bilateral knee joints OA were included in this study, they underwent history taking, clinical examination and MR cartilage imaging using the semi-quantitative whole joint assessment score of knee for OA (MOAKS). Three intra articular injections of 8 ml of autologous PBSC in each knee were administered. Clinical and MRI assessments were repeated after 1 year.Results
A significant reduction was seen in all parameters post injection. MR images analysis showed increased cartilage thickness in 65 knee joint compartments out of 160 affected compartments.Conclusion
Limited good level of evidence showed that repeated intra-articular injections of autologous PBSC resulted in an improvement of the quality of articular cartilage repair and physical function as observed by MRI and clinical assessment. 相似文献20.
Dirk Mueller Christoph Schaeffeler Thomas Baum Flavia Walter Hans Rechl Ernst J. Rummeny Klaus Woertler 《European journal of radiology》2014