Stable Fixation but Unpredictable Bone Remodelling Around the Lord Stem : Minimum 23-Year Follow-Up of 66 Total Hip Arthroplasties

Early designs of uncemented hip implants turned out to be failures mainly because the prerequisites for durable implant fixation were unknown. One exception was the chrome–cobalt stem of the Madreporic Lord prosthesis. We prospectively studied this prosthetic design in 107 hips that underwent surgery in 1979–1986. At the last follow-up, five stems and 54 cups had been revised, corresponding to stem and cup survival rates of 92% ± 3% and 45% ± 5% at 26 years. In all, 66 hips with remaining Lord stems were available for clinical follow-up 26 years (24–29) after the index operation. The mean total Harris hip and pain scores were 81 (SD 14) and 41 (SD 5).     

The 27 to 29-Year Outcomes of the PCA Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients Younger Than 50 Years Old

We previously reported our six and 19.4-year results of arthroplasty with the PCA total hip prosthesis. We now report on the performance of this prosthesis at 27–29 years. Eighty-eight consecutive primary THAs using a PCA total hip system were performed in 70 patients (mean age, 45.6 ± 11.1 years). The mean follow-up was 28.4 years (27–29). The mean Harris hip score was 89 points at final follow-up. Thigh pain was reported in 22 hips (25%). The mean annual polyethylene wear was 0.182 ± 0.03 mm. There were 75 acetabular (85%) and 40 femoral (45%) osteolysis. The rate of survival after 28.4 years as the end point of revision was 66% for the acetabular component and 90% for the femoral component.     

Midterm Results of Large Diameter Biolox Forte Ceramic Head on Delta Ceramic Liner Articulation in Total Hip Arthroplasty

Seventy-nine patients (94 hips), who underwent cementless alumina-on-alumina total hip arthroplasty (THA) with the use of a 36-mm delta ceramic liner-on-alumina ceramic femoral head, were followed for an average of 6.5 years (range, 5–7.7 years). All acetabular and femoral components were bone-ingrown and neither pelvic nor femoral osteolysis was identified until the latest follow-up. The survivorship with revision surgery as an endpoint was 97.9% (95% confidence interval = 100%–95%). Ceramic related complications such as fracture and squeaking did not occur in any patient. The mid-term results of cementless THA with this type of ceramic articulation are encouraging.     

Results of a Tapered Proximally-Coated Primary Cementless Stem for Revision Hip Surgery

Nineteen patients (nineteen hips) who had undergone revision total hip arthroplasties using a proximally-coated primary cementless stem were evaluated to determine if a subset of revision arthroplasty patients could be identified where the use of this stem would be appropriate. Of these 19 revisions, 15 were performed for the second stage treatment of infection. The femoral bone deficiency was classified as Paprosky Type I in 6 hips and Type II in 13 hips. At a mean follow-up of 49 months, aseptic stem survivorship was 95% with one revision due to aseptic stem failure. The mean Harris hip scores had improved from a mean of 44 points pre-operatively to 89 points post-operatively. Intra-operatively, there was one complication which included a peri-prosthetic fracture distal to the stem which was treated with an allograft strut with cerclage wires. The authors believe that in type I or II femoral defects, the use of this specific cementless stem may be beneficial in the setting of a revision total hip arthroplasty.     

Long-Term Durability of the CLS Femoral Prosthesis in Patients with Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head

Ninety-five hips with cementless wedge-shaped tapered CLS stem were evaluated with a mean duration of 12.7 years (range, 10.7–17.3 years). All patients were young and diagnosed with osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The Harris hip score was 92 at the latest follow-up. A subsidence greater than 3 mm was found in 3 hips (3.2%). Focal femoral osteolysis was found in 12 hips (12.6%). Endosteal bone formation and bony pedestal were observed in 94 hips (98.9%) and in 26 hips (27.4%), respectively. With revision for stem loosening as the end point, the survivorship showed 98.9% (95% CI, range 96.9%–100%) at 13 years. Stem alignment and proximal femur morphology did not influence loosening of the stem (p > 0.05).     

Minimum 20-Year Follow-Up Results of Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty With Improved Cementing Technique

A consecutive, non-selective cohort of 83 (77 patients) cemented total hip arthroplasty revisions using contemporary cementing techniques was analyzed at a minimum of 20 years following the index procedure. No patients were lost to follow-up. The average age at revision was 62.4 years (23 to 89). Twenty-two hips (26.5%) had had a reoperation, eighteen (21.7%) for aseptic loosening, 3 (3.6%) for femoral prosthesis fracture and 1 (1.2%) for dislocation. The incidence of re-revision for aseptic femoral loosening was 7.5% and for aseptic acetabular loosening was 21.7%. These results confirm that cemented femoral revision using improved cementing techniques is a durable option in revision hip surgery. In contrast to this, THA revisions using a cemented acetabular component have been less durable at this length of follow-up.     

Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients with Osteonecrosis After Kidney Transplantation

This study was to determine the mid- to long-term survivorship of cementless metal-on-metal THA in 52 patients (74 hips) who underwent THA for osteonecrosis of the femoral head with a cementless THA. The mean follow-up was 10.2 years. The mean age at operation was 42.1 years (range, 25–62 years). The survivorship analysis with revision as the end point estimated a 96.6% chance of THA survival during 16.4 years. The average Harris hip score at last follow-up was 89.2 points (range, 74–100). Two patients (two hips) required revision surgery for extensive acetabular osteolysis at 9 years and acetabular liner dissociation at 2 years. The survival rates of cementless THA in these patients are encouraging. However, the possibility of metallic wear related complications are raising concern.     

Long-Term Results of Porous-Coated Anatomic Total Hip Arthroplasty for Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Hip

Between 1986 and 1997, 136 porous-coated anatomic (PCA) total hip arthroplasties were performed for patients with osteoarthritis of the hip, and data were available for 60 hips at final follow-up (mean follow-up, 15.2 years). Of these, 18 hips had undergone revision: 12 for the acetabular component, 10 for the femoral component, and 4 for both components. Survival rate at 23 years postoperatively was 60% for the acetabular component and 82% for the femoral component. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression showed that annual polyethylene wear rate, size, and abduction angle of the acetabular component were significantly associated with acetabular component revision surgery, and that annual polyethylene wear rate and filling ratio of the femur were associated with femoral component revision surgery.     

Failure Analysis of Alumina on Alumina Total Hip Arthroplasty With a Layered Acetabular Component : Minimum Ten-Year Follow-Up Study

This prospective study reports the outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA) performed in a consecutive series of patients using an alumina ceramic on a ceramic-layered component (Alumina-Bearing-Surface system). The cohort consisted of 270 hips in 229 patients. The study evaluated the clinical and radiological results over a mean follow-up of 11.4 years. Revision THA was performed on 58 hips, including alumina alternative failure in 50 hips, loosening in 4 hips, recurrent dislocation in 2 hips, stem neck fracture in 1 hip and hematoma in 1 hip. The survival rate was 68% with revision for any reason as the end point. The risk factors of implant failure are the preoperative range of motion of the hip joint and postoperative dislocation.     

Higher Revision and Complication Rates Following Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of total hip arthroplasty in patients with and without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Between 2001 and 2010, all total hip arthroplasties performed at a single institution were reviewed to identify patients who had IBD. There were 23 total hip arthroplasties in the study group, which were matched in a 1:3 ratio to 69 additional hips. At a mean follow-up of 49 months (range, 24–96 months), patients with IBD had an overall significantly lower survivorship of 87% (n = 3 revisions), compared to 98.5% (n = 1 revision) in the matched group who had a mean follow-up of 47 months (range, 24–94 months). In addition, there were significantly higher major complications in the study group (5 patients) compared to the matched group (2 patients). These results indicate that patients with IBD had an overall higher revision and complication rate.     

Midterm Results of Hybrid Total Hip Arthroplasty for Treatment of Osteoarthritis Secondary to Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip-Chinese Experience

This study was designed to evaluate the midterm results of hybrid total hip arthroplasty in a consecutive series of 45 Chinese patients with osteoarthritis secondary to dysplastic hip. The average follow-up was 6.6 years. A total of 24 hips were classified as dysplasia, 20 hips as low dislocation, and 13 hips as high dislocation. The preoperative Harris score was 46.19 ± 18.01, which improved to 91.78 ± 3.52 at the final follow-up. The rate of polyethylene liner wear was 0.27 mm/y. Osteolysis was identified around 5 acetabular components and 13 femoral components. With the use of loosening or revision as the end point for failure, the survival rate was 1.0. We suggest that hybrid total hip arthroplasty in Chinese developmental dysplasia of hip patients has favorable results at midterm follow-up, even though their lifestyle includes more deep flexion of the hip. There is no significant difference of postoperative Harris score with increasing severity of dysplasia.     

Five- to Ten-Year Outcomes for Modular Metal-On-Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty

In recent years, metal-on-metal (MOM) arthroplasty has come under fire with reported adverse outcomes of metal hypersensitivity, adverse local tissue reaction (ALTR), and the carcinogenicity concern from systemic metal ions. We present a retrospective analysis of 354 primary total hip arthroplasties from 2 independent centers. Revision data, predicted survival and Harris Hip Scores (HHS) are reported. Nine hips (2.5%) underwent component revision, and 9 year predicted survival was 95.8%. One revision had elevated metal ions but no histological evidence of ALTR. Average HHS at a minimum 5 year follow up (range 5–10 years) improved significantly from 52 pre-operatively to 93 post-operatively. While a 2.5% revision rate and improved clinical outcomes are reported in this study, longer term follow-up is warranted to monitor for late complications.     

Non-Oncologic Total Femoral Arthroplasty: Retrospective Review

Total femoral arthroplasty (TFA) is an option to amputation in the setting of excessive bones loss during revision total hip and knee arthroplasty. Twenty non-oncologic TFAs with a minimum of 2 years follow-up were retrospectively reviewed. The average clinical follow-up was 73 ± 49 months. The incidence of new infection was 25% (5/20), while the overall infection rate was 35% (7/20). The incidence of primary hip instability was 10% (2/20), while the overall instability rate was 25% (5/20). Six patients (30%) required revision. The average pre-operative HHS was 30.2 ± 13.1. The average post-operative HHS was 65.3 ± 16.9. TFA is a viable alternative to amputation in non-oncologic patients with massive femoral bone deficiency. However, TFA performed poorly in the setting of infection and instability.     

Results of total hip arthroplasty with bone graft and support ring for protrusio acetabuli in rheumatoid arthritis

We evaluated 19 hips of 15 rheumatoid arthritis patients with protrusio acetabuli that had been surgically treated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) using a support ring; four hips were replaced with a TACT cup supporter, one hip with a Kerboull plate, six hips with a Ganz ring, and eight hips with a Müller ring. The average age was 60.2 years (range 48–75 years), and the average follow-up was 38 months (range 6–74 months). Two patients (three hips) died before the final follow-up, and two patients (two hips) underwent revision owing to loosening of the Ganz ring. Hip functions were rated according to the evaluation chart of hip joint functions of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA score). The mean total JOA score was 25.2 ± 8.6 preoperatively and 55.6 ± 8.7 postoperatively. Radiographically, 17 hips (minus the two revised hips) showed satisfactory incorporation of bone graft and no loosening of the support ring. The mean depth of protrusio acetabuli for these 17 hips was 3.5 ± 4.1mm before operation, 2.8 ± 5.1mm just after operation, and 2.3 ± 3.9mm at the final follow-up (no significant difference at the critical rate of 5%). Our study indicated the usefulness of THAs using a bone graft and a support ring in RA patients with protrusio acetabuli.     

关节置换术后感染非组配式广泛涂层股骨柄二期翻修术的中期疗效

 目的 探讨应用非组配式广泛涂层股骨柄行关节置换术后感染二期翻修术的中期疗效。方法 回顾性分析2005年3月至2006年12月接受全髋关节置换术后感染二期翻修的33例（33髋）患者的病例资料,男20例,女13例;年龄52~80岁,平均（66.1±7.2）岁。二期翻修方案包括一期取出关节假体,彻底清创,置入自制抗生素骨水泥间隔体,抗感染治疗后行二期关节翻修术。抗感染治疗包括静脉抗感染治疗4周、口服抗生素6周。采用美国骨科医师学会（American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons,AAOS）分类法评估髋臼骨缺损,Paprosky分类法评估股骨骨缺损。采用Harris髋关节评分评估髋关节功能,术后定期复查X线片评估假体稳定性、移位、松动情况。根据DeLee和Charnley分区法记录髋臼假体周围透光线,根据Gruen分区法记录股骨柄周围透光线。采用Engh等标准评价股骨假体固定情况。再感染的标准与诊断关节感染的标准相同。结果 全部病例随访5~9年,平均（6.1±1.7）年。二期翻修术后无一例出现感染或假体松动。二期翻修术中所取标本微生物培养或病理学检查均为阴性。Harris髋关节评分由术前（42.3±6.5）分提高到末次随访的（89.1±8.5）分。股骨柄骨长入固定30例,纤维稳定固定3例。11例髋臼侧打压植骨和所有股骨髓腔内打压植骨均与宿主骨融合。股骨侧异体皮质骨板移植者10例,9例于二期翻修术后1年与宿主骨融合、1例于术后2年融合。结论 采用非组配式广泛涂层股骨假体行感染二期翻修结合髓腔内颗粒骨打压植骨能取得较好的假体中期生存率和感染清除率。     

Isolated Acetabular Revision With Ceramic-on-Ceramic Bearings Using a Ceramic Head With a Metal Sleeve

The purpose of this study is to evaluate results of isolated acetabular revision with ceramic-on-ceramic bearings using a ceramic head with a metal sleeve. A retrospective review of fifty-three hips was performed. The mean patient age was 49.9 years and the mean follow-up period was 5.7 years. The mean modified Harris hip score improved from 47.5, pre-operatively, to 84.7 at the time of last follow-up (P < 0.001). Two patients reported squeaking of the hip. Three patients experienced loosening cup, necessitating re-revision surgery. There was a significant difference of acetabular bone defect between loose cup group and stable cup group (P = 0.018). There were no ceramic fractures and no osteolysis. The survival rate of the acetabular cup at the mid-term follow-up was 94.3%. In conclusion, ceramic head with a metal sleeve can be a reliable option for isolated acetabular revision.     

High osteolysis and revision rate with the hydroxyapatite-coated ABG hip prostheses65 hips in 56 young patients followed for 5–9 years

Background?There are few reports on the outcome of uncemented HA-coated cups in young patients.Patients?I evaluated the 7-year (5–9) results of HA-coated hip prosthesis (ABG, Stryker) in a consecutive series of 65 primary arthroplasties on 56 patients (mean age 44 years). 2 patients were lost to follow-up and 3 died.Results?The cumulative survival rate with revision for any reason as endpoint at 9 years was 98% (95% CI, 96–100) for the stem, 69% (61–77) for the acetabular metal backing, and 59% (50–67) for the polyethylene liner. 15 of 65 cups were revised on average 6 years after the primary operation and 3 more are planned. Revisions were done in 3 hips because of loosening and migration of the cup, and in 12 hips because of wear and progressive osteolysis around stable components. Only hips with migration had clinical symptoms. Visual inspection of polyethylene liners revealed wear of the articulation in all cases, loosening of the locking mechanism in 10 cases and nonarticular surface deformity in 7 hips. All original stems are in situ although femoral osteolysis was seen in 12 cases and 1 hip was reoperated because of periprosthetic traumatic fracture. Despite the high revision rate, the clinical improvement was good: the average pre- and postoperative Harris Hip Scores at the most recent follow-up were 41 and 90, respectively.Interpretation?While the results on the femoral side were good, the survival rates of the acetabular cups were poor and we stopped using ABG I hip prostheses.     

High osteolysis and revision rate with the hydroxyapatite-coated ABG hip prostheses: 65 hips in 56 young patients followed for 5-9 years

BACKGROUND: There are few reports on the outcome of uncemented HA-coated cups in young patients. PATIENTS: I evaluated the 7-year (5-9) results of HA-coated hip prosthesis (ABG, Stryker) in a consecutive series of 65 primary arthroplasties on 56 patients (mean age 44 years). 2 patients were lost to follow-up and 3 died. RESULTS: The cumulative survival rate with revision for any reason as endpoint at 9 years was 98% (95% CI, 96-100) for the stem, 69% (61-77) for the acetabular metal backing, and 59% (50-67) for the polyethylene liner. 15 of 65 cups were revised on average 6 years after the primary operation and 3 more are planned. Revisions were done in 3 hips because of loosening and migration of the cup, and in 12 hips because of wear and progressive osteolysis around stable components. Only hips with migration had clinical symptoms. Visual inspection of polyethylene liners revealed wear of the articulation in all cases, loosening of the locking mechanism in 10 cases and nonarticular surface deformity in 7 hips. All original stems are in situ although femoral osteolysis was seen in 12 cases and 1 hip was reoperated because of periprosthetic traumatic fracture. Despite the high revision rate, the clinical improvement was good: the average pre- and postoperative Harris Hip Scores at the most recent follow-up were 41 and 90, respectively. INTERPRETATION: While the results on the femoral side were good, the survival rates of the acetabular cups were poor and we stopped using ABG I hip prostheses.     

Early Failure of the Polarstem Total Hip Arthroplasty—Can The Australian NJR Tell Us The Full Story?

The Australian NJR 2012 has reported that the Polarstem/R3 Total hip arthroplasty has a higher than anticipated revision rate with a three year cumulative percentage of 3%. Out of the 733 Polarstem femoral components, 18 had to be revised within 3 years. Our unit has been using this system since 2009. The aim of this prospective study is to report the clinical outcome of the PolarStem in our cohort of 646 stems with 100% follow up, compared to the Australian registry. Of the 646 hips, 5 returned to theater for a further operation for any reason. The cumulative 3 year survival rate was 99.7%, with revision for any reason as the endpoint. Our 3 year cumulative revision rate for all revisions in the Polarstem femoral stem is 0.15%, which is 20 times less as compared to the 3% reported by the Australian registry.     

Cementless Modular Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients Younger than Fifty with Femoral Head Osteonecrosis: Minimum Fifteen-Year Follow-Up

This study aimed to report the outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA) with a modular femoral component in patients younger than fifty years with osteonecrosis of femoral head. Sixty-four osteonecrotic hips in fifty-five patients were available for clinical and radiographic analyses at minimum follow-up of fifteen-years. The mean Harris hip score improved from 36 points preoperatively to 92.7 points at final follow-up. Sixty-two (95.3%) hips demonstrated stable bone ingrowth. No hips showed loosening or required revision for aseptic loosening. Survivorship with an end point of stem revision for any reason was 93.8% and for aseptic loosening was 100% at 16.8 years. We believe that cementless THA with a modular stem is a promising procedure for young and active patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head.