扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗股骨及胫骨干骨折

目的:总结使用扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗股骨及胫骨干骨折的临床经验。方法:回顾2000年2月～2003年1月使用扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折49例,其中股骨18例,胫骨31例;闭合性骨折40例,开放性骨折9例,均采用国产带瞄准器交锁髓内钉,以小切口开放复位,顺行扩髓并静力锁钉。结果:随访时间8～12以上,骨折均骨性愈合,平均愈合时间19.5周,邻近关节功能恢复好,无深部感染、断钉及脂肪栓塞等并发症。结论:采用小切口开放复位、扩髓、静力锁定治疗股骨及胫骨干骨折,具有骨折固定强度大、愈合快,邻近关节活动早,无断钉、骨折再移位、感染明显升高等优点,是治疗股骨及胫骨干骨折的理想方法之一。     

交锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨干粉碎性骨折

目的：交锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨干粉碎性骨折临床观察。方法：应用小切口切开复位，选择性扩髓，交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨，胫骨干粉碎性骨折26例，结果：本组26例随访时间6－24个月，平均14个月，骨折平均愈合时间14周，无术后感染，脂肪栓塞，断钉，骨折不愈合，畸形愈合，关节僵硬，再骨折等严重并发症发生，结论：本组股骨、胫骨干粉碎性骨均属不稳定型骨折，交锁髓内钉固定疗效是确切的，可采用小切口切开复位并选择性扩髓，不主张早期负重或做动力化处理。     

应用扩髓与非扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗闭合性胫骨骨折临床疗效观察

目的探讨对比应用交锁髓内钉闭合复位下扩髓与非扩髓治疗闭合性胫骨骨折的临床疗效。方法将84例闭合性胫骨骨折患者随机分为扩髓与非扩髓组各40例,分别采用扩髓与非扩髓交锁髓内钉固定治疗,比较二者手术时间,骨折愈合时间,术后感染、延迟愈合等情况。结果 84例患者均获得随访,随访时间平均20.6个月.手术时间扩髓组平均48.2 min,非扩髓组41 min。愈合时间扩髓组平均16.5周,非扩髓组平均23.5周。2组间差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。术后锁钉断裂扩髓组2例,非扩髓组6例,2组差异有统计学意义P<0.05。扩髓组延迟愈合6例,畸形愈合4例;非扩髓组延迟愈合7例,畸形愈合5例2组差异无统计学意义。2组均无感染病例。未出现膝、踝关节功能障碍病例。结论与非扩髓组相比,应用扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗闭合性胫骨骨折,具有骨折固定强度大,并发症少,骨折愈合快等优点。     

扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折不愈合

目的:探讨使用扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨骨折不愈合的临床治疗效果.方法:回顾本院自2000年1月～2003年6月应用扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折不愈合病人38例.其中钢板固定术后21例,普通髓内针8例,石膏固定6例,外固定架3例.均采用有限切口切开复位并扩髓,静力锁定加植骨术.结果:平均髓访时间18.5个月(7～30个月).骨折均愈合,骨折愈合时间3.5～13.5个月,平均5.5个月.临近关节功能较术前明显改善,无感染、断钉等并发症.结论:扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折不愈合,具有稳定性可靠、利于骨折愈合及早期关节活动的优点,是治疗胫骨干骨折不愈合的有效方法之一.     

微切口复位有限扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干A型骨折

目的 探讨微切口复位、有限扩髓交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干A型骨折的方法和疗效。方法采用微切口复位、有限扩髓、交锁髓内钉治疗40例股骨干A型骨折患者。结果经6个月～3年（平均1年）随访,骨折全部愈合,愈合时间3～5个月,平均4个月．无锁钉及髓内钉松动、断裂,髋、膝关节功能正常。结论微切口复位、有限扩髓交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干A型骨折,具有创伤小、操作方便、固定坚强、能早期活动关节、骨折愈合率高及减少骨不连并发症发生等优点,可作为首选治疗方法。     

闭合交锁髓内钉治疗胫腓骨骨折

目的探讨交锁髓内钉治疗胫腓骨骨折的临床应用.方法 58 例胫腓骨骨折均采用闭合复位,交锁髓内钉内固定治疗,大部分扩髓.结果全部病例均获随访,平均19个月,骨折均愈合,关节功能无障碍,术后关节疼痛3 例.结论应用交锁髓内钉治疗胫腓骨骨折需掌握好时机,适应证及治疗方法.     

扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨不稳定性骨折 (附42例报告)

目的探讨扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨不稳定性骨折的治疗效果.方法对42例胫骨不稳定性骨折病人行扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗,闭合性骨折22例,开放性骨折20例,全部应用静力性固定.结果平均随访时间12个月(6～20个月),采用Johner-Wruh评分标准,治疗结果优32例,良8例,一般2例,骨折平均愈合时间闭合性骨折15周(10～23周),开放性骨折19周(13～36周),3例延迟愈合,无深部感染、骨髓炎、畸形愈合及骨不连.结论扩髓交锁髓内钉是治疗胫骨不稳定性骨折较理想的方法,可促进骨折愈合,并发症较少.     

扩髓更换交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干术后肥大型骨不连

目的 分析扩髓后更换交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干术后肥大型骨不连的效果.方法 对于35例肥大型股骨干骨不连患者行扩髓后更换交锁髓内钉治疗,术中无需植骨,不暴露骨折断端,术后不行外固定,早期活动关节.结果 术后随访7～24个月,平均13个月.35例术后均无伤口感染,主钉及锁钉均无断裂或折弯.骨折均愈合,愈合时间14～30周(平均20周),未出现明显手术并发症.结论 扩髓后更换交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干术后骨不连操作简便,效果确切.     

关节镜下有限扩髓交锁髓内钉内固定结合植骨微创治疗胫骨干骨折

目的 探讨关节镜下有限扩髓交锁髓内钉内固定植骨微创治疗闭合性胫骨干骨折的方法 和疗效.方法 采用关节镜下有限扩髓、交锁髓内钉内固定、微切口植骨治疗20例闭合性胫骨干骨折.结果 经6个月～2年随访,骨折全部愈合,无锁钉及髓内钉松动、断裂,髋、膝关节功能正常.结论 关节镜下扩髓交锁髓内钉内固定植骨微创治疗闭合性胫骨干骨折,具有创伤小、射线接触少、固定坚强、能早期活动关节及骨折愈合率高等优点,是一种较好的微创内固定方法.     

非扩髓闭合交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折

目的　观察与分析闭合非扩髓交锁髓内钉技术治疗股骨干骨折的临床疗效与优点。方法　应用闭合非扩髓交锁髓内钉技术治疗新鲜股骨干骨折 2 83例。 2 83例患者均进行了 1次以上随访 ,随访时间为 3个月～ 4年 (平均随访时间 30个月 )。结果　骨折愈合时间 9～ 15周 ,平均 12周。术后3个月时 ,膝关节伸屈活动已与伤前相仿 ,无一例发生感染 ,无患肢疼痛、肿胀或关节僵硬等并发症。2 4例C型骨折中有 3例患肢短缩 1cm ,2例患肢轻度内翻 ,但成角 <7° ,1例交锁髓内钉在远端交锁螺钉孔处发生断裂。结论　闭合非扩髓交锁髓内钉内固定手术创伤小、保留了骨折处的血肿、不剥离骨折周围软组织、较少破坏骨内膜血供 ,为骨折愈合提供了良好的条件。同时 ,可进行早期功能锻炼 ,从而可防止关节肿胀、僵硬等骨折并发症发生 ,是目前治疗股骨干骨折较为理想的方法     

股骨粗隆间骨折三种内固定方法的临床治疗分析(附85例报告)

作者对国产Gamma钉,Richards钉及麦氏鹅头钉三种内固定方法治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的手术时间,术中失血量,术后下床负重时间,住院时间及骨折临床愈合时间进行了临床统计学处理并临床疗效分析。结果表明,三组在手术时间,术中失血量二项指标上无明显差异,而在术后起床负重时间,住院时间及骨折临床愈合时间则存在明显差异作者认为,Gramma钉的设计更符合人体生物力学原理,更有利于骨折部位的愈合及髋关节功能的恢复,是目前治疗股骨粗隆间骨折比较理想的内固定材料。     

甲基质联合甲沟切除重建术治疗嵌甲性甲沟炎

目的：探讨一种治疗嵌甲性甲沟炎的方法并讨论其临床意义。方法：切除嵌甲、炎性肉芽组织及部分患趾甲基质,同时重建甲沟。结果：重建甲沟形态良好,效果满意,复发率低。结论：甲基质联合甲沟切除重建术是治疗嵌甲症的理想方法。     

Posttraumatic ectopic nail: case report

Ectopic nail, also known as onychoheterotopia or onychoheterotropia, is an extremely rare disorder. It is characterized by the growth of nail-like tissue in a different location other than the nail bed. Congenital and acquired deformities have been reported. We describe a case of posttraumatic ectopic nail and review the literature on this unusual condition.     

Treatment of Traumatic Femoral Neck Fractures with an Intramedullary Nail in Osteoporotic Bones

PurposeSufficient anchoring of intramedullary osteosynthesis in the femoral head in a femoral neck fracture is a challenge with increasing age of the patients and decreasing bone quality. For older patients with inferior bone quality, it has not been investigated whether the application of an intramedullary force carrier, as a minimally invasive and rapid intervention, can provide a considerable benefit and reduce the postoperative complication and lethality rate. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the stability and functionality after the acute treatment of a femoral neck fracture in osteoporotic bone using an intramedullary force carrier even with higher grade fracture types.Material and MethodsThe retrospective analysis was based on a collective of 82 patients over 60 years of age with a femoral neck fracture treated with a gliding nail in our centre between 1999 and 2006.ResultsThe average time to follow-up was 69.05 months (median 71.0; minimum 27.0–maximum 108.0). Female patients made up more than two-thirds of the patient collective at 63 of the 82 patients (76.83%). The average age of the patients was 77.76 years (median 78.00; range 60.00–93.00).In 66 patients (80.49%), the implantation showed good results and no complications or further treatments. 24/82 patients of our collective had died in our re-evaluation. In no case, a pseudarthrosis or severe impaction with neck shortening occurred (loss of offset).11/82 patients had femoral head necrosis which led to total hip replacement in 8 cases, a hemiarthroplasty in 2 cases and in 1 case a remaining Girdlestone situation because of a deep infection. Another five patients also had to undergo a total hip replacement because of a central perforation of the blade in one case, breakout of the blade after another fall in another two cases and a lateral dislocation of the blade in two cases.ConclusionThe use of an intramedullary force carrier in the osteoporotic bone can mean distinct advantages for the selected patient as a minimally invasive and rapid surgical method compared to extensive surgery, even in the case of severe injuries. However, the advantages and disadvantages for the patient should be considered critically.     

应用第二套供血系统的全指甲再造术

目的探讨对手指指甲缺损或畸形进行精细重建的技术。方法对2003年12月-2004年6月在我院应用显微外科技术治疗的9例指甲（13指）缺损患者进行回顾性分析。所有患者均利用第二套供血系统以携带最小量组织进行切取包括趾甲、甲床、甲下皮、甲周膜在内的复合组织及其营养动脉、静脉和神经，与受区进行趾-指动脉、静脉、神经的吻合，完成单一全趾甲复合组织移植再造指甲。结果所有再造指甲均顺利成活，外形十分满意，接近原手指指甲的效果，供区的外观和功能无明显影响。结论应用第二套供血系统的全指甲单位再造术，可获得理想的治疗效果。     

A comparative study of the therapeutic effect between long and short intramedullary nails in the treatment of intertrochanteric femur fractures in the elderly

Purpose: To compare the clinical effects of long vs. short intramedullary nails in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in old patients more than 65 years old. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 178 cases of intertrochanteric fractures of the femur (AO type A1 and A2) in the elderly was conducted from January 2008 to December 2013. There were 85 males (47.8%) and 93 females (52.2%) with the age of 65e89 (70.2±10.8) years. The patients were treated by closed reduction and long or short intramedullary nail (Gamma 3) fixation. The length of short nail was 180 mm and that for long nail was 320e360 mm. The general data of patients, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, length of hospital stay, preoperative hemoglobin level, blood transfusion rate, postoperative periprosthetic fractures, infections, complications, etc were carefully recorded. Results: There were 76 cases (42.7%) in the long intramedullary nail group and 102 cases (57.3%) in the short nail group. All the cases were followed up for 12-48 (21.3±6.8) months, during which there were 21 deaths (11.8%), mean (13.8±6.9) months after operation. The intraoperative blood loss was (90.7±50.6) ml in short nail group, greatly less than that in long nail group (127.8±85.9) ml (p=0.004). The short nail group also had a significantly shorter operation time (43.5 min±12.3 min vs. 58.5 min±20.3 min, p=0.002) and lower rate of postoperative transfusion (42.3% vs. 56.7%, p=0.041). But the length of hospital stay showed no big differences. After operation, in each group there was 1 case of periprosthetic fracture with a total incidence of 1.1%, 1.3% in long nail group and 0.9% in short nail group. At the end of the follow-up, all patients achieved bony union. The average healing time of the long nail group was (6.5±3.1) months, and the short nail group was (6.8±3.7) months, revealing no significant differences (p=0.09). Postoperative complications showed no great differences either. Conclusion: Both the intramedullary long and short nail fixation has a good clinical effect in treating intertrochanteric femur fractures in the elderly. They showed no significant difference in terms of therapeutic effect, hospital stay and postoperative complications. The incidence of periprosthetic fractures treated by either length of nails was low. But short intramedullary nailing can obviously decrease the intraoperative blood loss, operation time and postoperative blood transfusion.     

Clinical and radiological midterm results from using the Fixion expandable intramedullary nail in transverse and short oblique fractures of femur and tibia

Background  A locked nail is the principal method used to eliminate rotatory components in femoral and tibial fractures. Nevertheless, weight bearing is not directed onto the fracture site, slowing down the healing process; another possibility is to use a large-diameter nail and ream the canal to obtain as much adherence as possible and increase the grip, but this can cause a number of complications. The expandable nail is a new option that in theory should remove some problems with previous techniques. Materials and methods  This was a retrospective nonrandomized study encompassing 21 femoral fractures and 27 tibial fractures in 45 patients. They were classified according to the AO classification. Clinical and radiological checks were done at one, three, and six months and at one year from the surgery in order to check for signs of clinical and radiological healing. A good alignment was considered to be the presence of a deformity of less than 5° in the sagittal and lateral planes and the absence of rotatory clinically evident problems. This protocol was adhered to up to six months after surgery by all of the patients, while only 62.2% performed the last control. The mean follow-up was 15 months. A second group of 48 consecutive fractures (24 femural and 24 tibial) treated with locked nail was created to compare surgical times. Results  Appropriate alignment was observed in all cases; the healing process appeared slower: radiological healing occurred in most cases at six months. The following complications were reported: a case of intraoperative fracture widening with no effect on the treatment; a case of a lesion of the tip of the nail with pneumatic system rupture that necessitated nail substitution; two cases of retarded consolidation at six months, with both tibial fractures treated successfully by intralesion platelet gel; a case of incarcerated nail on 17 removals, resolved by shearing. We had no cases of clinically evident compartment syndrome or pulmonary embolism. Conclusions  The expandable Fixion nail presents significant advantages in the treatment of transverse and short oblique fractures of femur and tibia because it is easy to use, involves minimal X-ray exposure and can control rotations. Nevertheless, it high cost limits its use. We consider it as an alternative to locked nail.     

The role of intramedullary fixation in ankle fractures – A systematic review

Background

Ankle fractures are one of the most commonly occurring fractures in the elderly population. The overall incidence has been reported to be up to 184 fractures per 100,000 persons per year, of which 20–30% occur in the elderly. Medical co-morbidities, osteoporosis, suboptimal skin quality and poor toleration of non-weight bearing status all contribute to difficulties in managing these injuries in this population. Intramedullary implants are advantageous as they utilise smaller incisions, minimise soft tissue disruption and may allow early weight bearing. This systematic review aims to analyse the use of both fibula nails and talo-tibial-calcaneal (TTC) implants in the management of fragility ankle fractures.