某些冠心病危险因子与冠心病相关性的研究

检测结果示:冠心病组(100例)血浆中活化凝血因子Ⅶ(FⅦa)、血浆纤维蛋白原(Fig)、血清脂蛋白LP(a)浓度明显高于正常对照组(50例,P<0.05)。血浆中FⅦ a、Fig及血清LP(a)浓度与冠状动脉狭窄程度、冠状动脉病变支数密切相关(P<0.05);经Logistic回归分析显示,FⅦa、Fig、LP     

脂蛋白(a)、纤维蛋白原、C-反应蛋白升高与冠状动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的 :探讨脂蛋白 (a) [LP(a) ]、纤维蛋白原 (Fig)、C 反应蛋白 (CRP)变化与冠状动脉粥样硬化及其程度间的关系。方法 :应用冠状动脉造影和Gensini积分评价 168例患者的动脉粥样硬化及其程度 ,并用常规方法测定患者血清LP(a)、血浆Fig、血清CRP水平。结果 :①血浆Fig、血清LP(a)、CRP水平随病变支数增加而增高 ;②血清LP(a)、CRP增高患者冠状动脉粥样硬化发生率明显增加 ,有极显著性差异 (P <0 0 0 1) ;③血浆Fig、血清LP(a)水平与冠状动脉粥样硬化积分呈正相关 ,Pearson相关系数分别为 0 2 66、0 2 61,P均 <0 0 5。结论 :血清LP(a)、血浆Fig水平与冠状动脉粥样硬化及其程度显著相关     

冠心病患者血浆纤维蛋白原与血清脂蛋白(a)水平的关系

目的：探讨冠心病（CHD）患者血浆纤维蛋白原（Fig）与血清脂蛋白（a）[Lp（a）]水平及冠状动脉病变程度的关系。方法：根据冠状动脉造影结果评价210例患者冠状动脉病变程度，并用常规方法测定患者血浆Fig、血清Lp（a）水平，观察冠状动脉病变程度与血浆Fig、血清Lp（a）的关系。结果：130例冠心病患者血浆Fig和血清Lp（a）水平明显高于80例冠脉造影正常对照者（P〈0．05），Lp（a）及Fig水平随冠状动脉病变程度的加重而增高，但Fig水平在CHD各亚组之间差异无显著性（P〉0．05），Fig与Lp（a）水平成正相关（r=0．287，P〈0．05），而Fig与冠状动脉病变程度无明显相关性（P〉0．05）。结论：血浆Fig、血清Lp（a）是冠状动脉疾病独立的危险因素，二者成正相关。     

冠心病患者血浆组织因子活性及凝血因子Ⅶ水平改变

目的研究汉族冠心病患者血浆中组织因子活性（aTF）、活化凝血因子Ⅶ（FⅦa）和凝血因子Ⅶ抗原（FⅦ：Ag）水平并探讨其与冠脉病变支数之间的关系。方法aTF采用发色底物法，FⅦa和FⅦ：Ag采用ELISA法。结果与对照组相比，冠心病患者血浆中aTF（P〈0．05）、FⅦa（P〈0．01）及FⅦ：Ag（P〈0．05）水平均显著升高；急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）患者中aTF高于稳定型心绞痛（SAP）组（P〈0．05）和对照组（P〈0．01），后两者之间无显著差异；ACS和SAP患者之间血浆中FⅦa水平无显著差异，但均高于对照组；ACS组中FⅦ：Ag水平明显高于对照组。在不同冠脉病变支数的患者之间，aTF、FⅦa及FⅦ：Ag水平没有差异。结论SAP和ACS患者均可出现外源性凝血途径的激活，血浆中aTF增强可能预示了急性冠脉事件的发生；FⅦa可能可以作为冠心病的早期分子标志物；冠脉病变支数可能不能反映凝血激活的程度。     

冠心病纤维蛋白原水平与冠状动脉狭窄的关系

选择300例行冠状动脉造影者，测定血浆纤维蛋白原（Fig）水平，观察其不同的冠脉狭窄支数及程度与Fig水平变化及其直线相关性。结果：（1）197例冠心病患者之Fig水平明显高于103例冠脉正常（NS）组（3．41±1．17vs2．74±0．65g／L，P＜0．001）。（2）在不同狭窄支数亚组中，Fig水平虽随狭窄支数增多有升高趋势，且每组的Fig水平均明显高于NS组，（P＜0．001）；但CHD各亚组之间差异无显著性。（3）冠脉狭窄程度与Fig水平间轻度相关（r＝0．2111，P＜0．001）。（4）Fig对于冠心病发病危险有一定的预测价值。即以≥3．40g／L为界值，其敏感性41．1％，特异性83．6％。提示血浆Fig浓度水平可能为冠心病的发病危险因素之一，但未发现其与冠脉狭窄程度的明显相关性。     

哈萨克族冠心病患者冠状动脉病变与脂蛋白(a)相关性研究

目的了解哈萨克族冠心病患者冠状动脉病变程度与脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)]水平的关系。方法经选择性冠状动脉造影确定患者40例(冠状动脉直径狭窄≥50%)同时测定血清LP(a)水平,与健康对照组40例相比。结果冠心病组LP(a)[(338.7±179.6)mg/L]的水平明显高于对照组[(219.8±126.8)mg/L](P<0.05);LP(a)与冠状动脉狭窄的程度呈正相关(r=0.487,P<0.05);随LP(a)水平的升高,冠状动脉病变支数也增加。结论哈萨克族冠心病患者LP(a)水平升高,病变程度越重LP(a)水平越高。     

老年冠心病患者N端脑钠肽前体、脂蛋白(a)与冠状动脉病变程度的相关性

目的探讨老年冠心病患者N端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)]水平与冠状动脉病变程度之间的关系。方法入选2011年1月～2012年12月在北京老年医院心内科住院并行冠状动脉造影检查的老年患者213例,根据冠状动脉造影结果分为非冠心病组(n=60),冠状动脉单支病变组(n=42),双支病变组(n=48),三支病变组(n=63)。测定四组患者空腹血清NT-proBNP、LP(a)水平并进行比较,分析NT-proBNP、LP(a)水平与冠心病患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系。结果随着病变支数的增多,血浆NT-proBNP及LP(a)水平有逐渐增高的趋势。冠状动脉单支病变组、双支病变组和三支病变组患者血浆NT-proBNP及LP(a)水平均高于非冠心病组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。冠状动脉单支病变组与三支病变组NT-proBNP及LP(a)水平有统计学差异(P0.05),而单支病变组与双支病变组,双支病变组与三支病变组间NT-proBNP及LP(a)水平比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。Gensini评分与NT-proBNP、LP(a)均呈明显正相关,相关系数分别为0.580、0.406,有显著统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 NT-proBNP、Lp(a)水平与冠状动脉病变的严重程度密切相关,对高NT-proBNP、LP(a)的患者应给予高度重视,尽早予以强化治疗。     

老年患者血浆脂蛋白（a）水平与冠心病的关系研究

目的 探讨中国老年人群血浆脂蛋白(a)水平与冠状动脉硬化程度的关系.方法 回顾性分析308例行选择性冠状动脉造影的老年患者的病例资料,将男女患者分别按冠状动脉病变支数及狭窄程度分组,比较各组血浆脂蛋白(a)水平的差异并分析其与冠状动脉病变程度的相关性.结果 无论男性还是女性,冠状动脉病变支数越多,血浆脂蛋白(a)水平也越高,以多支病变组升高最明显,分别高于其他各组(P＜0.01);随着冠状动脉狭窄程度加重,血浆脂蛋白(a)水平逐渐升高,并与之呈正相关(P＜0.01).不同性别间各亚组血浆脂蛋白(a)比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).Logistic回归分析显示血浆脂蛋白(a)水平与冠心病发病有关.结论 中国老年人群中无论男性或女性,血浆脂蛋白(a)升高与冠状动脉硬化范围及严重程度均呈正相关,是冠心病的一个独立的危险因子,可作为冠心病风险评估的一项指标.     

血浆suPAR水平与冠心病患者冠状动脉斑块稳定性、病变程度及冠心病预测之间的关系

目的探讨血浆可溶性尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体(su PAR)水平与冠心病患者冠状动脉斑块稳定性、病变程度及冠心病预测之间的关系。方法 149例入选患者,根据临床表现及冠状动脉造影结果分为急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)组69例、稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组35例和对照组45例,ELISA检测血浆su PAR水平,比较各组血浆su PAR水平,分析血浆su PAR水平与冠心病的相关性,观察其与冠状动脉病变支数及Gensini积分的关系,并绘制su PAR预测冠心病发生的ROC曲线,确定最佳界值。结果 ACS组、SAP组血浆su PAR水平高于对照组(P0.05),ACS组血浆su PAR水平高于SAP组(P0.05);随着冠状动脉病变支数增加,冠心病患者血浆su PAR水平相应增加(P0.05),且与Gensini积分呈正相关(r=0.202,P0.05);简单及偏相关分析显示,血浆su PAR水平与冠心病呈正相关性;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,su PAR是冠心病发生的独立危险因素(OR=3.405,P0.01);根据ROC曲线获得su PAR预测冠心病发生的最佳界值为1.771μg/L,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.745(95%CI=0.661~0.828,P0.001)。结论 su PAR作为冠心病发生的独立危险因素,不仅能对粥样斑块稳定性具有提示性,且与冠状动脉病变程度呈正相关,su PAR界值有可能成为预测冠心病发生的指标之一。     

冠心病患者血浆纤维蛋白原与小而密低密度脂蛋白的关系

目的　探讨血浆纤维蛋白原 (Fib)水平升高和小而密低密度脂蛋白 (sLDL)在冠心病发病中的作用及两者的关系。方法　采用Clauss法测定 2 3 4例经冠状动脉造影证实为冠心病的患者及164例经冠状动脉造影证实无冠状动脉病变的对照者血浆Fib水平 ,以密度梯度聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法测定sLDL在低密度脂蛋白中所占的比例 ,同时检测血清胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)水平。根据冠状动脉造影的结果将冠心病组分为 1支、2支和 3支病变组 ,观察其与Fib及sLDL的关系。结果　冠心病组血浆Fib及血脂水平明显高于对照组 (HDL C低于对照组 ) ,P <0 0 5,Fib与sLDL水平随冠状动脉病变支数增加而升高 (P <0 0 5)。sLDL与冠状动脉病变程度密切相关 (r =0 452 ,P <0 0 0 1) ,与Fib水平呈正相关 (y =4 17x + 4 4 67)。结论　sLDL是冠心病发病的独立危险因素 ,Fib与sLDL呈正相关 ,Fib可能间接地对冠心病发病起一定作用     

Right coronary artery coronary sinus fistula with coronary sinus ostium stenosis

Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is a rare anomaly of the coronary artery. The draining site of a right coronary artery (RCA) fistula may usually be the right ventricle, right atrium, or pulmonary artery. Here, we present a patient with right coronary artery to coronary sinus fistula (RCACSF) complicated by aneurysmal dilatation of the coronary sinus (CS) and stenosis of CS ostium.     

Iatrogenic coronary artery stenosis following coronary stenting

We present 6-month follow-up of 435 patients undergoing stent deployment. Forty-four patients were referred because of myocardial ischemia related to the stented artery. In six of these patients (14%), the stented vessel revealed a new proximal lesion separated from the stented portion, which warranted further intervention. It is felt that these new lesions are related to the stenting technique as a result of local trauma induced from the guiding catheter. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 46:393–397, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries, coronary heart disease and sudden coronary death

Correlation between the severity of coronary atherosclerosis, thrombosis and sudden cardiac death was examined in 721 autopsied cases. Severe coronary atherosclerosis with stenosis was found in most of them; however a similar grade of atherosclerosis was discovered in patients with ischaemic heart disease not dying suddenly. Acute coronary thrombosis in the studied subjects was diagnosed post mortem in about 20 percent of those who died suddenly. Other studies indicate frequencies between 4-93%. There was no consistent time dependence.     

Pseudoaneurysm of coronary artery following rupture of coronary artery during coronary angioplasty.

Rupture of the coronary artery is a rare complication of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). We describe a case of coronary artery rupture during PTCA resulting in the formation of a coronary artery pseudoaneurysm. The pseudoaneurysm was successfully treated by percutaneous spring-coil embolization of the coronary artery.     

Complex coronary angioplasty: Multiple coronary dilatations

Selected patients underwent PTCA of multiple stenoses in different vessels or in the same vessel. Three hundred nine patients underwent 685 PTCA procedures in various combinations of arterial and vein graft stenoses. A multiple dilatation procedure was defined as successful when all lesions attempted were successfully dilated, or when the considered-critical-stenosis was successfully dilated and this resulted in a patient clinical improvement. Angiographic success was achieved in 599 of 685 lesions attempted (87.4%) and in 285 of 309 patients (92.2%). Complications included a mortality rate of 1.0%, an MI rate of 4.2% per patient and 1.9% per lesion attempted, and a 3.6% incidence of emergency CABG. Follow-up data show that 58 patients (20.4%) had clinical evidence of a lesion recurrence, and that 92.5% (37 of 40 patients) who underwent repeat angioplasty had a successful procedure. A sustained clinical improvement was obtained in 264 of 309 patients (85.4%). The data indicate that multiple dilatations are feasible with good success rates and acceptable complication rates. Further evaluation of this extended application of PTCA is needed to clearly establish its role in the therapy of CAD.     

Serial quantitative coronary angiography and coronary events

BACKGROUND: Although assessment of progression of atherosclerosis by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) is used as a surrogate for coronary events, no validation study has compared the several QCA measures used. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Cholesterol Lowering Atherosclerosis Study was a clinical trial testing the efficacy of colestipol-niacin on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. Baseline/2-year coronary angiograms were obtained on 156 men with prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Changes in percent diameter stenosis and minimum lumen diameter (both measured in coronary lesions and segments) and coronary segment measures of average diameter, percent involvement, and vessel edge roughness were measured by QCA. Coronary events ascertained over 12 years of follow-up included myocardial infarction (MI), coronary death, and coronary artery revascularizations. Proportional hazards models evaluated the relation between QCA change measures and coronary events. Changes in percent diameter stenosis and minimum lumen diameter of coronary artery lesions were significantly related to the risk of MI/coronary death. All QCA measures were significantly related to the risk of any coronary event. Relative risks for each QCA measure were of similar magnitude when estimated separately within each treatment group. Change in minimum lumen diameter of lesions was the only measure independently associated with the risk of coronary events. CONCLUSIONS: All QCA measures of progression of coronary artery disease were related to all coronary events (including revascularizations). Only QCA measures of lesion progression were related to MI/coronary death. QCA measures of lesion change may be better surrogate end points for "hard" coronary events than measures of change in coronary segments.     

Percutaneous coronary intervention of bifurcation coronary disease

Bifurcation coronary artery disease is a frequent problem faced by interventional cardiologists and it affects approximately 15-20% of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The application of drug-eluting stents (DES) technology to prevent restenosis after PCI represents one of the success stories in cardiology, but DES have not resolved the bifurcation PCI challenge. Bifurcation PCI remains associated with higher procedural failure and worse outcomes compared with PCI of non-bifurcated lesions even in DES era. A dependable strategy for PCI of bifurcation lesions has yet to be established, which is likely due to the paucity of studies evaluating the anatomical intricacies of the bifurcation as well as the lack of large scale randomized therapeutic trials. Further, bifurcation has many anatomical variants and it is unlike that one technique will fit all. Currently, we are left with the option of a tailor-made strategy for each patient and bifurcation anatomy and make the most of the limited evidence available to support our therapeutic decisions. In this review, we attempted to describe the current understanding of bifurcation anatomy and corresponding PCI strategies.