899例非小细胞肺癌完全切除术后的多因素生存分析

背景与目的:非小细胞肺癌non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的多学科治疗已有十多年.诊断技术及治疗策略的改进有可能导致NSCLC的预后影响因素的改变.本文探讨NSCLC完全切除术后的预后影响因素.方法:收集1997年1月～2001年4月行完全切除术的899例NSCLC病例资料及随访资料.采用Kaplan-Meier进行生存分析.Cox模型进行多因素生存分析.结果:全组5年生存率为43.5%,中位生存期48个月.其中ⅠA期、ⅠB期、ⅡA期、ⅡB期、ⅢA期、ⅢB期、Ⅳ期的5年生存率分别为81.0%、60.3%、56.9%、45.7%、23.5%、20.8%、13.0%;单因素分析显示T分期、N分期、M分期、组织学类型、组织分化、腺癌Ⅱ期及Ⅳ期化疗、腺癌N2期术后纵隔放疗为预后影响因素;多因素分析显示组织学类型、T分期、N分期、M分期及腺癌N2期术后纵隔放疗是NSCLC独立预后因素.结论:除T分期、N分期、M分期外,组织学类型及腺癌N2期术后纵隔放疗也是完全切除NSCLC的独立预后因素.     

87例非小细胞肺癌根治术后局部复发预后因素分析

[目的]探讨非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)根治术后局部复发患者的预后影响因素.[方法]回顾性分析87例NSCLC根治术后局部复发患者的临床资料,分析局部复发部位的差异及生存情况.[结果]原发病灶同侧肺残端、肺门、纵隔复发(78.2％)比例远高于对侧肺门、纵隔及双侧锁骨上区(21.8％)(x2=131.713,P=0.000).全组患者复发后中位生存时间21.0个月,1、2、4年累积生存率分别为68.1％、44.5％和12.4％.单因素分析显示:复发间隔时间长、复发后再分期早、放化疗联合治疗以及复发后放疗剂量大于60Gy为预后有利因素,COX模型多因素分析显示仅复发后再分期为独立预后因素.[结论]NSCLC根治术后辅助放疗应以同侧肺门及纵隔为主;对于一般情况较好、复发后再分期早的患者建议放化疗联合治疗并尽可能提高放疗剂量以进一步提高疗效.     

288例手术切除的IIIA-N2非小细胞肺癌患者的生存分析

背景与目的探讨完整切除术后IIIA期非小细胞肺癌(Non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的床预后因素。方法对1999年1月至2004年12月中山大学肿瘤防治中心收治288例手术切除的IIIA期非小细胞肺癌患者进行生存分析,生存率的计算及单因素生存分析用Kaplan-Meier法,Log-rank法检验;Cox比例风险模型进行多因素分析。结果288例手术切除的IIIA期非小细胞肺癌患者的中位生存期为770天,1年、2年、3年、4年和5年的累计生存率分别为77.1%、52.4%、34.9%、28.1%和20.2%。单因素生存分析发现年龄(<60岁vs≥60岁)、是否吸烟、手术方式、T分期、术后化疗、术后化疗疗程数、术后放疗7个临床因素与IIIA期NSCLC患者术后的预后有统计学意义,进一步利用Cox比例风险模型进行多因素分析发现术后化疗、术后放疗、T分期是影响预后的独立因素。结论术后化疗、术后放疗、T分期是影响IIIA期非小细胞肺癌预后的重要因素。     

288例手术切除的ⅢA-N2非小细胞肺癌患者的生存分析

背景与目的 探讨完整切除术后ⅢA期非小细胞肺癌(Non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的床预后因素.方法 对1999年1月至2004年12月中山大学肿瘤防治中心收治288例手术切除的ⅢA期非小细胞肺癌患者进行生存分析,生存率的计算及单因素生存分析用Kaplan-Meier法,Log-rank法检验;Cox比例风险模型进行多因素分析.结果 288例手术切除的ⅢA期非小细胞肺癌患者的中位生存期为770天,1年、2年、3年、4年和5年的累计生存率分别为77.1%、52.4%、34.9%、28.1%和20.2%.单因素生存分析发现年龄(<60岁vs≥60岁)、是否吸烟、手术方式、T分期、术后化疗、术后化疗疗程数、术后放疗7个临床因素与ⅢA期NSCLC患者术后的预后有统计学意义,进一步利用Cox比例风险模型进行多因素分析发现术后化疗、术后放疗、T分期是影响预后的独立因素.结论 术后化疗、术后放疗、T分期是影响ⅢA期非小细胞肺癌预后的重要因素.     

非小细胞肺癌三维适形放射治疗预后的多因素分析

目的:探讨非小细胞肺癌三维适形放疗的预后影响因素,提供适形治疗计划的评价指标.方法:收集2000年8月至2004年12月河北医科大学第四医院放疗科接受三维适形放疗的非小细胞肺癌患者107例,其中鳞癌46例,腺癌21例,针吸活检或气管镜刷片发现癌细胞33例,未获得病理确诊但经影像学检查临床诊断肺癌7例.全程三维适形放疗48例,59例前程行传统常规放疗、后程行三维适形放疗.全组患者总剂量60～78Gy,中位剂量66Gy.Kapian-Meier法计算生存率,采用COX逐步回归模型进行多因素分析.结果:随访日期截止于2007年12月31日,失访5例,随访率95.33%,失访患者生存期计算至末次随访日.全组患者中位生存期13个月,平均生存期24个月,1、2、3年生存率分别为55.14%、34.58%、21.50%.单因素分析显示患者性别、吸烟、肿瘤最大直径、肿瘤体积、N分期、临床分期、近期疗效、GTV体积、CTV体积、PTV体积对生存率均有显著性影响.多因素分析显示患者性别、N分期、肿瘤体积、近期疗效、GTV体积为NSCLC的独立性预后因素.结论:患者性别、N分期、肿瘤体积、近期疗效、GTV体积对NSCLC三维适形放射治疗的预后可能产生明显影响.     

Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌预后因素分析及胸部放疗的潜在意义

目的:分析Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者的疗效和预后因素,探讨胸部放疗在Ⅳ期NSCLC治疗中的意义。方法:回顾性分析79例有远处转移并行胸部放疗的Ⅳ期NSCLC患者的临床资料,采用Kaplan-Meier法计算其生存率,并采用Log-rank检验和单因素预后分析进行分析,对统计学有意义的因素进一步用Cox模型行多因素预后分析。结果:1、2年生存率分别为34.2%、12.3%,中位生存期为10个月。单因素分析结果显示影响Ⅳ期NSCLC预后的因素有是否吸烟、转移灶数、胸部放疗剂量（P=0.021、0.000 1、0.002）。多因素分析显示,转移灶数、胸部放疗剂量是系统化疗并行胸部三维适形放疗（3D-CRT）的Ⅳ期NSCLC的独立预后因素（P=0.002、0.045）。结论:Ⅳ期NSCLC行胸部放疗有潜在的临床意义,并且转移灶数目、胸部放疗剂量是影响其生存的显著预后因素。     

术后辅助放疗对ⅢA-N2期非小细胞肺癌的疗效探讨

目的 探讨术后辅助放疗对ⅢA-N2期非小细胞肺癌的疗效.方法 136例经病理学检查确诊为ⅢA-N2期的非小细胞肺癌患者,均行根治性手术及术后辅助化疗,辅助化疗后75例观察(A组),61例行辅助放疗(B组).结果 A组、B组1年总生存率分别为90.7%和98.4%,3年总生存率分别为41.2%和48.7%,5年总生存率分别为30.8%和33.7%(P=0.039).A组、B组1年无复发生存率分别为87.7%和95.1%,3年无复发生存率分别为59.9%和73.1%,5年无复发生存率分别为47.9%和65.8%(P=0.040).单因素生存分析提示:吸烟、临床N2期、T分期、阳性淋巴结个数、阳性淋巴结比例、N2淋巴结累及区域、辅助化疗疗程、行术后辅助放疗为预后因素.多因素生存分析提示:临床N2期、T分期、阳性淋巴结个数、行术后辅助放疗为独立预后因素.结论 ⅢA-N2期非小细胞肺癌中,术前临床诊断为N2期、T分期越晚、手术切除阳性淋巴结个数越多,预后越差;行术后放疗可提高局控率,延长总生存时间.     

Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌淋巴结微转移及临床特征对长期生存的影响

 目的　探讨影响I期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者术后长期生存的因素。方法　91例NSCLC行根治术，术后病理分期为I期患者，取肺门和隆突下淋巴结进行混合性细胞角蛋白（MCK，AE1／AE3）免疫组化标记（SP法），检测微转移的表达并随访5年，分析微转移和其他临床病理特征对长期生存的影响。结果　I期NSCLC肺门和纵隔淋巴结微转移检出率为49 %，总5年生存率为70.3 %，中位生存时间 48.5个月，复发转移率32 %，平均复发转移时间36.6个月。肿瘤大小、分化程度、病理分期、淋巴结微转移阳性四个因素与复发转移有关（P＜0.05）。COX多因素回归分析：肿瘤分化、分期和微转移是影响生存率的主要因素（P＜0.05），其相对危险度分别为5.497、11.196和5.233。结论　I期NSCLC淋巴结存在微转移，肿瘤分化、分期和微转移是影响生存率的主要预后因素。     

246例非小细胞肺癌的预后影响因素分析

目的:分析246例非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者的预后影响因素.方法:回顾性分析2010年1月至2014年12月246例非小细胞肺癌患者临床资料,采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,Log-rank检验和Cox模型预后影响因素行单因素和多因素分析.结果:全组患者中位生存时间为37.44个月.1年、3年、5年总生存率分别为72％、46％、26％.单因素分析显示,男性、年龄＞75岁、晚期、有吸烟史、有肝转移、无手术史非小细胞肺癌患者的中位生存期明显缩短(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).多因素分析显示,性别、疾病分期、是否吸烟和是否手术是影响非小细胞肺癌预后的独立因素(P ＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论:性别、疾病分期、是否吸烟和是否手术是非小细胞肺癌的独立预后因素.     

105例晚期非小细胞肺癌预后因素分析

[目的]探讨晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者的预后相关因素。[方法]回顾性分析2003年1月1日至2009年12月31日105例晚期非小细胞肺癌死亡患者的临床资料,对可能影响其预后的相关因素进行单因素和多因素分析。[结果]全组患者1、2、3年生存率分别为27.6%、8.6%、1.9%,中位生存时间为9.0个月（95%CI：7.9～10.1个月）。单因素分析显示临床分期、PS评分、首诊伴脑转移、肝转移、骨转移以及治疗方式与预后相关。多因素分析显示临床分期、PS评分、首诊伴脑转移、治疗方式是影响晚期非小细胞肺癌预后的独立因素。[结论]临床分期、PS评分、首诊伴脑转移、治疗方式可能是晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的独立预后因素。     

Curative radiotherapy for a second primary lung cancer arising after pneumonectomy -- techniques and results.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Only limited data exist on the outcome of curative radiotherapy in patients who develop a second primary lung tumour after pneumonectomy. The treatment of eight such patients is described. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The case records of patients who underwent curative radiotherapy for stage I non-small cell lung cancer after a previous pneumonectomy were reviewed. Treatment was delivered using 3D external radiotherapy to a dose of 50-70 Gy, in once-daily fractions of 2-2.5 Gy. An endobronchial brachytherapy boost was used in three patients. Original treatments were re-planned in an attempt to minimize the volume of irradiated lung. RESULTS: A complete remission was achieved in five (of six) evaluable patients, but two patients subsequently developed a local relapse. All patients survived for a minimum of 1 year after treatment. Only one patient developed significant (grade 2) radiation pneumonitis. When treatments were re-planned to optimize beam arrangements, and when customized blocks were used, the mean lung volume receiving > or = 20 Gy (calculated for 70 Gy) decreased from 24.6+/-4.1 (range, 18-31%) to 17.3+/-5.1% (range, 12-26%). Similarly, the radiation conformity index improved from 0.44+/-0.11 to 0.61+/-0.06. CONCLUSIONS: Involved-field radiotherapy can be curative in patients who develop a new lung tumour after pneumonectomy. Recent advances in defining target volumes, treatment planning and delivery are likely to improve upon these results.     

同期放化疗后全肺切除治疗Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌临床报遁

目的：探讨同期放化疗后行全肺切除的Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者的临床效果.方法：回顾性分析1998年5月至2008年6月我院同期放化疗后行全肺切除的37例Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者的临床资料.37例患者在术前接受了同期放化疗后再行全肺切除术,其中17例行右全肺切除（包括2例肺上沟瘤）.所有患者术前均接受同期放化疗,放疗平均总剂量60.1 Gy.结果：所有患者均接受了全肺切除以达到根治切除（R0）的目的,16例（43.2%）患者达到了病理完全缓解.无手术死亡,术后平均住院天数9.1天.术后90天死亡率为2.7%（n=1）.术后共有13例（35.1%）患者出现多处转移.包括脑转移7例,骨转移5例,肝转移2例,肾上腺转移2例,肺转移2例,颈部淋巴结转移1例和小肠转移1例.5年生存率为32%.结论：同期放化疗后行全肺切除术在临床上值得进一步研究.     

167例中晚期食管癌放化疗的疗效及预后

目的：探讨食管癌三维放疗+化疗生存情况及预后影响因素。方法：收集在我院首次行放化疗的167例中晚期食管癌患者的临床资料,并进行回顾性分析。放疗设备为 Elekta -6mV X 线直线加速器,放疗方案采用三维适形放疗（3- DCRT）或调强放疗（IMRT）,放疗中位剂量为62Gy。化疗方案为氟尿嘧啶+顺铂或多西紫杉醇+顺铂,分别行4～6周期。采用 SPSS 17.0软件行 Kaplan - Meier 法计算总生存率（OS）,并绘制生存曲线,Log - rank 法检验 P 值,对 P <0.05的单因素行 Cox 回归多因素分析。结果：全组患者1年、3年、5年生存率分别为73.7%、51.5%、26.3%,中位生存时间36个月。单因素结果显示治疗方式、肿瘤位置、肿瘤长度、肿瘤分期、放疗剂量、放射性肺炎为影响食管癌患者生存的主要因素（P =0.022、0.017、0.040、0.001、0.000、0.002）。Cox 多因素分析发现治疗方式、肿瘤长度、肿瘤分期、放射性肺炎为影响食管癌预后生存的独立影响因素（P =0.018、0.001、0.004、0.000）。结论：同步放化疗可明显提高中晚期食管癌患者总生存率,当肿瘤长度<5cm、肿瘤分期越早、放射性肺炎级别越低时患者预后较佳。     

A randomised clinical trial of radiotherapy plus cisplatin versus radiotherapy alone in stage III non-small cell lung cancer

This study was designed to compare high-dose fractionated radiotherapy alone versus the same radiotherapy plus cisplatin in stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We randomly assigned 176 patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer to one of two treatments; fractionated radiotherapy alone at dose of 64 Gy for 6-7 weeks (2 Gy given 32 times, in five fractions a week) or radiotherapy in the same schedule, combined with 20mg/m2 cisplatin 1 h before radiotherapy, given on days 1-5 of the second and sixth treatment weeks. The frequency of loco-regional progression was 68% among the patients who received radiotherapy plus cisplatin and 86% among those who received radiotherapy alone (P = 0.0001). The probability of survival free of disease after 3 years was 10% among the patients assigned to radiotherapy plus cisplatin and 0% among those treated only with radiotherapy (P = 0.0006). Overall survival at 3 years was 10% among those given radiotherapy plus cisplatin and 2% among those who received radiotherapy alone (P = 0.00001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that radiotherapy plus cisplatin significantly improved loco-regional progression-free survival and overall survival, irrespective of radiation dose. The addition of cisplatin to fractionated radiotherapy prolongs loco-regional progression-free interval and survival in stage III non-small cell lung cancer.     

Timing of chest radiotherapy in patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

BACKGROUND: We undertook a systematic review and literature-based meta-analysis to determine whether the timing of chest radiotherapy may influence the survival of patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC). OBJECTIVES: To establish the most effective way of combining chest radiotherapy with chemotherapy for patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer in order to improve long-term survival. MATERIALS: Eligible studies were identified according to the Cochrane Collaboration Guidelines and were randomised controlled clinical trials comparing different timing of chest radiotherapy in patients with LS-SCLC. Early chest irradiation was defined as beginning within 30 days after the start of chemotherapy. RESULTS: Seven randomised trials were eligible. The overall survival at 2 years or at 5 years was not significantly different between early or late chest radiotherapy. When only trials were considered that used platinum chemotherapy concurrent with chest radiotherapy, significantly higher 2 and 5-year survival rates were observed when chest radiotherapy (RT) was started within 30 days after the start of chemotherapy (2-year survival: HR: 0.73, 95% CI 0.57-0.94, p=0.01; 5-year survival: HR: 0.65, 95% CI 0.45-0.93, p=0.02). This was even more pronounced when the overall treatment time of chest radiotherapy was less than 30 days. In studies that did not show a survival advantage by early chest radiation, a lower dose-intensity of chemotherapy in the early vs. late arm was observed. CONCLUSIONS: When platinum-based chemotherapy concurrently with chest RT is used, the 2- and 5-year survival rates of patients with LS-SCLC may be in favour of early chest radiotherapy, with a significant difference if the overall treatment time of chest radiation is less than 30 days.     

107例非小细胞肺癌三维适形放疗或联合化疗的疗效及预后因素

目的观察非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)应用三维适形放疗(3DCRT)或3DCRT联合化疗的疗效和安全性,并分析影响其预后的因素。方法将随访资料完整的107例NSCLC患者纳入分析,其中接受单纯3DCRT 26例,3DCRT联合化疗81例。3DCRT剂量2Gy/次,5次/周,中位DT 60Gy。评价近期疗效及毒副反应。应用Kaplan-Meier法和多因素Cox模型分析全组NSCLC患者的生存预后情况。结果全组患者获CR 10例(9.3%),PR 56例(52.3%),SD 30例(28.0%),PD 11例(10.4%),总有效率(RR)为61.7%(66/107)。随访14～62个月,中位随访27个月,随访率为96%。1、3、5年的生存率分别为67%、31%和22%,中位总生存时间(OS)为20.2个月。急性放射性肺炎2级3例,3级2例;晚期放射性肺炎2级1例,3级1例。急性放射性食管炎1级49例,2、3级9例。骨髓抑制1、2级32例,3、4级5例。单因素分析显示,临床分期、KPS评分、肿瘤体积、放疗剂量、治疗模式及近期疗效显著影响OS,而年龄、体重减轻及病理类型对OS无影响。Cox多因素分析显示,临床分期、治疗模式和近期疗效是影响预后的独立因素。结论 3DCRT联合化疗治疗NSCLC的近期疗效较好,毒副反应可耐受;临床分期、治疗模式和近期疗效可能是影响NSCLC预后的因素。     

Surgically proven complete response of stage III non-small cell lung cancer after cisplatin-enhanced radiotherapy. Clinical implications and long-term results

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Pathologic complete response in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer is the main end point of combined therapies (chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy). Surgery after an induction treatment can improve local control, allowing the histologic assessment of treatment activity by means of resection or extensive biopsies. METHODS: Thirty patients surgically assessed without viable tumor after concurrent radiotherapy and continuous infusion of low-dose cisplatin, owing to an initially unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer, were the object of evaluation to assess clinical implications, short- and long-term surgical results. RESULTS: The specificity rate of the preoperative restaging was 36.6%. The surgical procedures consisted of 22 resections and of extensive biopsies in 8 cases. The operative mortality was 4% (1/25) for procedures other than right pneumonectomy (3/5). No patient received postoperative chemotherapy. Eleven distant progressions, 4 local recurrences, and 4 new primary tumors were assessed as initial failures. The 8-year overall survival was 36%. CONCLUSIONS: Pathologic complete response after cisplatin-enhanced radiotherapy cannot be satisfactorily assessed by clinical means. Surgery is required to obtain a reliable evaluation; however, right pneumonectomy should be contraindicated because of prohibitive risk. Although an effective local treatment can cure patients with advanced stage III disease, the addition of chemotherapy seems advisable to improve tumor relapse control.     

Chirurgische Therapie des nichtkleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinoms

The prognosis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is poor. The overall 5-year survival has not changed over the past decades and is still in the range of 15% despite significant advances in systemic and radiation therapy. Surgery is the treatment modality of choice and should be considered first in every patient who presents with stage I or II cancer in the absence of functional contraindications. Radical resection remains the prime goal of the operation. Standard procedures include lobectomy, bilobectomy and pneumonectomy. By using bronchoplastic techniques pneumonectomy can be avoided in many cases. Mortality after pneumonectomy ranges between 3?C10% and after lobectomy around 2%. Limited resection is appropriate in high risk patients or in candidates with poor pulmonary function. In stage IIIA and IIIB cancer non-operative therapy is usually indicated, ideally as part of a clinical trial. In selected patients, however, surgery can follow as an adjunct therapy. Treatment modalities in stage IIIA cancer remain controversial. Surgery in stage IV lung cancer remains the exception, e.g. for palliative reasons or in selected patients with solitary brain or suprarenal metastases. Factors which dominate survival are completeness of resection and tumor stage.     

不同剂量放疗治疗44例晚期食管癌患者的生存分析

探讨Ⅳ期食管癌患者行不同剂量放射治疗后生存率等指标的差异。方法:选择成都军区总医院2006年1月至2009年4月44例接受过高剂量或低剂量放疗,并均行同步化疗的Ⅳ期食管癌患者,回顾性分析其生存率、急性放射性损伤发生率等指标,并分析影响生存的相关因素。结果:高剂量放疗组总有效率及局控率明显高于低剂量组（P<0.01）;高剂量组1年总生存率（overall survival rate,OS）为63.6%,2年和3年OS分别为40.1%和7.7%;低剂量组1、2、3年OS分别为41.9%、10.9%、1.4%,整体比较提示高剂量组生存时间较低剂量组延长（P=0.003）;OS与年龄、放疗方式、烟酒史相关（P<0.001）。放射性损伤发生率:肺损伤、骨髓抑制组间无差异,食管炎高剂量较低剂量组明显增加。结论:治疗前PS评分≤1的Ⅳ期食管癌患者行高剂量放疗可明显提高局控、总有效率与OS;年龄≤60岁,行高剂量放疗及无烟酒史的患者总生存受益更多;行高剂量放疗患者放射性损伤的发生率在临床可接受范围。