玻璃体视网膜手术治疗葡萄膜炎合并症的临床观察

目的 探讨玻璃体视网膜手术治疗葡萄膜炎合并症的临床效果。方法 对我院2002年6月至2004年6月期间共收治的24例（24只眼）葡萄膜炎合并症的患者行玻璃体视网膜手术,根据病情联合行白内障超声乳化吸除术或经睫状体平坦部的晶状体切除,观察术后视力及并发症等。结果 24例（24只眼）中,术后3月所有患者最佳矫正视力均有不同程度的提高,术后1周内前房纤维索性渗出8例（8只眼）,经药物治疗后很快吸收,未见葡萄膜炎复发。结论 玻璃体视网膜手术是治疗葡萄膜炎合并症最为安全和有效的方法,术后并发症少,视力恢复满意,值得临床推广应用。     

中间葡萄膜炎的超声生物显微镜检查

目的 探讨中间葡萄膜炎超声生物显微镜（ultrasound biomicroscopy,UBM)的图像特征及其应用价值。方法 采用UBM对21例（35只眼）经临床眼科及双目间接检眼镜结合巩膜压迫法检查确诊为中间葡萄膜炎患者行睫状体平坦部、周边部视网膜及玻璃体检查,并对其图像进行分析。结果 31只眼（88．6％）可见病理改变,4只眼（11．4％）未见异常。UBM图像主要表现：周边部玻璃体呈点状混浊、团块状混浊、膜样混虫及睫状体平坦部玻璃体视网膜粘连牵拉征象和睫状体脱离。结论 UBM在中间葡萄膜炎诊断中有临床应用价值。     

曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的初步研究

目的探讨玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的疗效及安全性。方法选择未经有效治疗的脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离患者,于手术前经睫状体平坦部向玻璃体腔内注入曲安奈德混悬液0．1ml(4mg),注药后观察葡萄膜炎反应及脉络膜脱离消失情况,并于5—10d后行视网膜脱离复位手术。结果有葡萄膜炎反应的13只眼其症状均不同程度减轻,裂孔检出率由注药前的2／13只眼提高至注药后的7／13只眼,绝大多数脉络膜脱离眼于注药后10d内消失,5只眼采用巩膜扣带术,6只眼采用玻璃体切除联合眼内填充术,2例患者放弃手术治疗。手术后平均随访4．45个月,接受手术者最终视网膜全部复位,无1例出现全身应用糖皮质激素的副作用。结论玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德能迅速、安全、有效地治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离,减轻葡萄膜炎反应,提高脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的手术复位率。(中华眼科杂志,2005,41：606-609)     

Vitreon眼内短期填充的并发症分析

目的：评价过氟氢菲（Perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene,PFPh.又名Vitreon）液体作为眼内短期填充物在复杂性玻璃体视网膜手术中应用的临床疗效、并发症。方法：分析6例（6只眼）复杂性视网膜脱离的患者，行经睫状体平坦部玻璃体切除、Virteon眼内填充，裂孔周边部的激光光凝等手术治疗。Vitreon眼内填充4周后行取出术后，随访6个月以上的临床资料。结果：手术中，所有患眼视网膜均解剖复位成功。术后4周取出Vitreon，所有患眼视网膜均保持解剖复位。术后患者视力均有不同程度的提高。Vitreon眼内填充期间，产生的并发症包括Vitreon进前房（2例）、晶状体后囊下沉着物形成（3例）、高眼压（2例）、葡萄膜炎（2例）等。其中1例高眼压患者的病理结果显示Vitreon能引起房水结晶样改变和小梁网变性。取出Vitreon后，以上部分并发症可获得好转或消除。结论：Vitreon眼内短期填充能提高复杂性玻璃体视网膜手术中视网膜复位的成功率，但填充4周会产生一定的并发症。其临床应用应慎重考虑其适应证。     

玻璃体切割术治疗玻璃体积血的疗效观察

目的观察玻璃体切割术治疗玻璃体积血的疗效。方法分析我院自2004年以来收治的玻璃体积血患者25例（25眼），其中视网膜静脉阻塞（RVO）10例（10眼），糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）8例（8眼），眼外伤5例（5眼），孔源性视网膜脱离（RD）2例（2眼），全部患者均经睫状体平坦部行闭合式巩膜三通道玻璃体切割术，其中20眼联合行视网膜光凝术，3眼联合硅油填充术，5眼行C3F8注气术，5眼联合巩膜外环扎术。结果术后随访6个月以上，25例患者仅1例视力无提高，其余24例术后视力均较术前提高，其中1例DR患者术后发生孔源性视网膜脱离二次玻切术网膜复位。2例DR患者发生视网膜再次出血，予药物治疗，出血渐吸收。结论玻璃体切割术治疗玻璃体积血疗效明显。     

中间型葡萄膜炎并发复杂性视网膜脱离的玻璃体手术治疗

目的:探讨中间型葡萄膜炎并发复杂性视网膜脱离的临床特征及玻璃体切除联合眼内填充术的治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析我院2000-01/2005-06收治的11例(共11眼)中间型葡萄膜炎并发复杂性视网膜脱离病例术前及术后详细的临床资料。所有患者均接受巩膜外环扎,玻璃体切除联合眼内填充术治疗,术中9眼行硅油充填,2眼填充长效惰性气体。术后随访12～66mo。结果:术后11眼均获视网膜良好复位及视力增进。随访期中有7眼于6～12mo取出硅油,硅油取出后2眼因周边部PVR或葡萄膜炎复发导致视网膜脱离复发,未取硅油的4眼(包括2只再手术眼)视网膜平伏。结论:中间型葡萄膜炎并发的复杂性视网膜脱离,尤其存在周边部纤维及血管膜的牵引时,玻璃体切除联合眼内填充术效果确切,周边部PVR和葡萄膜炎复发是术后限制视网膜复位的主要原因。     

玻璃体手术治疗中间葡萄膜炎玻璃体视网膜并发症的临床效果

目的 探讨玻璃体手术治疗中间葡萄膜炎玻璃体视网膜并发症的临床效果.方法 为系列病例研究.选择16例(16只眼)并发玻璃体视网膜疾病的中间葡萄膜炎患者进行玻璃体手术治疗.术后随访5～32个月,平均(14.25±7.90)个月.随访期间观察患者视力、术后并发症及中间葡萄膜炎的复发情况.结果 16例(16只眼)患者中,有4例分别患有肺结核、多发性硬化、Beheet综合征及风湿性关节炎等全身性疾病,其余12例无系统性疾病.术前所有患者均有糖皮质激素治疗史,使用时间为6～16个月,平均(9.94±2.67)个月.玻璃体视网膜并发症包括重度玻璃体混浊伴机化5只眼,牵引性视网膜脱离6只眼,孔源性视网膜脱离1只眼,玻璃体积血2只眼,黄斑前膜伴玻璃体机化2只眼,所有患眼均出现周边部视网膜新生血管.术后并发白内障3只眼,牵引性视网膜脱离1只眼.术后4例患者需长期服用糖皮质激素或联合免疫抑制剂治疗.术后视力提高或保持不变14只眼,视力下降2只眼,与术前视力比较差异有统计学意义(x2=4.923,P＜0.05).术后未见中间葡萄膜炎复发者.结论 对严重或药物控制不佳而出现玻璃体视网膜并发症的中间葡萄膜炎患者采用经平坦部的玻璃体手术治疗,可以明显改善患者视力,减少长期使用免疫抑制剂治疗的不良反应.     

慢性葡萄膜炎黄斑病变的玻璃体手术治疗

目的探讨玻璃体手术对慢性葡萄膜炎合并黄斑病变的治疗价值.方法16例（16眼）反复发作6月以上的慢性迁延性葡萄膜炎,其中合并囊样黄斑水肿6眼,黄斑前膜5眼,玻璃体黄斑牵引综合症4眼,黄斑孔性视网膜脱离1眼,采用玻璃体切除联合人工玻璃体后脱离,内界膜剥离等.术后随访12～30月.结果12眼（75.00%）术后视力明显提高,视力不变或下降4眼为囊样黄斑水肿;视网膜脱离复位;16例术后全身用药减少,炎症得到控制.结论玻璃体手术是治疗慢性葡萄膜炎黄斑病变的有效手段,可以明显提高患者视力,减少全身用药量.     

未发现裂孔的人工晶状体眼视网膜脱离的治疗

目的回顾玻璃体切割联合巩膜扣带术治疗未发现裂孔的人工晶状体眼视网膜脱离的结果。方法5例（5眼）未发现视网膜裂孔的人工晶状体眼视网膜脱离患者应用标准的三通道经睫状体扁平部的玻璃体切割、液-气交换、内引流、眼内激光和巩膜扣带术治疗,术后随访6～12个月,观察术前、术后视力,术后视网膜复位状态及手术并发症。结果所有患眼在施行一次手术后视网膜均获复位,应用对数视力表检查3眼视力增进至少3行,视力不变和减退者各有1眼,后者都有黄斑病变。结论对未发现裂孔的人工晶状体眼视网膜脱离患者联合应用玻璃体切割、液-气交换、内引流、眼内激光和巩膜扣带术治疗,显示有良好的解剖和功能效果。     

玻璃体腔药物注射联合玻璃体手术治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的探讨

目的 探讨术前玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德及healon联合玻璃体手术治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的疗效及安全性.方法 选择未经有效治疗的脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离患者11例(1 1只眼),于手术前经睫状体平坦部向玻璃体腔内注入曲安奈德混悬液和healon,注药后观察眼压葡萄膜炎反应及脉络膜脱离消失情况,并于5日之内行玻璃体手术.结果 注药后11只眼眼压均恢复良好,葡萄膜炎反应症状均不同程度减轻,10只眼脉络膜脱离眼于注药后5日内消失,所有病例均行玻璃体手术,术后11只眼均视力有不同程度提高,10只眼视网膜复位良好.结论 术前玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德和healon联合玻璃体手术是一种安全有效地治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的方法.     

儿童非外伤性玻璃体积血的临床分析

目的分析儿童非外伤性玻璃体积血的病因特点,研究玻璃体切割手术对玻璃体积血的疗效。方法对我院眼科2000～2003年住院有随访记录的16例17眼儿童非外伤性玻璃体积血的病因构成、手术方法、功能恢复情况进行回顾性分析。结果儿童非外伤性玻璃体积血的病因构成:Coat病4眼,先天性视网膜劈裂5眼,视网膜血管炎3眼,葡萄膜炎3眼。术后视力提高14眼,下降1眼,不变2眼;其中术前0.05以上者仅2眼(11.8%),术后13眼(76.5%),术前与术后视力差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论Coats病、先天性视网膜劈裂、视网膜血管炎以及葡萄膜炎为儿童非外伤性玻璃体积血的主要病因。玻璃体切割术是治疗儿童非外伤性玻璃体积血的有效方法。     

葡萄膜炎并发白内障手法小切口手术临床疗效

目的 探讨手法小切口白内障手术人工晶状体植入治疗葡萄膜炎并发白内障的临床疗效.方法 32例（32眼）炎症静止3月以上的葡萄膜炎并发性白内障,行手法小切口白内障手术人工晶状体植入,术后随访3～6月,观察视力、眼压和并发症.结果 32眼术后视力均有提高,其中≥0.5者14眼,0.3～0.4者12眼,0.1～0.2者6眼.瞳孔圆形或椭圆形,术后眼压控制在正常范围.手术并发症为早期角膜水肿及葡萄膜炎反应.结论 葡萄膜炎并发白内障手法小切口白内障手术人工晶状体植入,手术安全,并发症少,术后反应轻,视力有恢复.     

葡萄膜炎并发白内障的人工晶状体植入术

目的探讨葡萄膜炎并发白内障的手术方式和疗效。方法对28例（28眼）葡萄膜炎并发白内障行白内障摘出及人工晶状体植人术，观察其视力变化及术中、术后并发症。结果术后26眼（92．86％）视力较术前提高。其中〉0．5者10眼，0．3。0．5者10眼，0．1。0．2者6眼，〈0．1者2眼。结论葡萄膜炎并发白内障植人人工晶状体。效果可靠。     

Vitrectomy in the management of uveitis

OBJECTIVE: To review the indications for vitrectomy in uveitis cases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Charts of patients seen at the uveitis clinic of the Jules Gonin Eye Hospital from January 1993 to August 1998 and who had undergone vitrectomy were reviewed. Patients with infectious uveitis occurring within three months after intraocular cataract surgery were excluded. The types of uveitis were recorded and indications for vitrectomy were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 630 patients were examined at the uveitis clinic. Fifty-one of these patients (51 eyes, 8.1%) were referred for vitrectomy and were included in this study. Vitrectomy was performed for three reasons: 1) to treat the complications of uveitis (90%), including vitreous opacification in 35 eyes (69%), retinal detachment in seven eyes (14%), epimacular membrane in seven eyes (14%), and dense opacification of the posterior capsule after cataract surgery in six eyes (12%)(the mean delay between uveitis and vitrectomy in this group was 8.4 years); 2) for diagnostic purposes in 19 eyes (37%); and 3) to remove confined infectious foci in 16 eyes (31%) and allow a thorough intraocular distribution of antibiotics. Visual acuity improved in 41 patients (80.4%), remained unchanged in three (5.8%), and decreased in seven (13.7%) because of secondary or persistent retinal detachment or cystoid macular edema. CONCLUSION: Vitrectomy was indicated to treat the complications of uveitis, to provide vitreous for diagnostic purposes, and to allow a better diffusion of intraocular antibiotics. Long-standing uveitis did not seem to be influenced by vitrectomy.     

Pars plana vitrectomy as anti-inflammatory therapy for intermediate uveitis in children

PurposeIntermediate uveitis represents between 2 and 26% of uveitis in children. The spectrum of the disease is highly variable, ranging between mild cases that resolve spontaneously and chronic, severe forms that develop multiple episodes and complications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of vitrectomy to control inflammation in children with recurrent intermediate uveitis.MethodsRetrospective evaluation of patients with at least six months of follow-up. All patients under 16 who had undergone vitrectomy for intermediate uveitis were included. Vitrectomy was performed after at least two episodes of intermediate uveitis in children that had had no previous prophylactic systemic immunosuppressant treatment. Data recorded were visual acuity (VA), recurrences and surgical complications.ResultsSeven eyes of five children with intermediate uveitis who underwent vitrectomy were included. After a mean follow-up of 34 months, VA improved in all eyes after surgery. Four eyes developed mild subcapsular posterior cataracts. Post-surgical recurrences were anterior and responded to topical treatment, except for an episode of intermediate uveitis that required a periocular injection of triamcinolone. Only one patient is being treated with systemic immunosuppressants, due to the presence of repeated episodes of uveitis in the non-vitrectomised eye and since his parents were unwilling to have him undergo new surgery.ConclusionsVitrectomy with inferior cryotheraphy controls inflammation in intermediate uveitis in children with good mid-term results avoiding the secondary side-effects of systemic immunosuppressants.     

Long-term results of cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation in patients with uveitis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term visual results after cataract extraction in patients with uveitis, and to demonstrate the long-term viability of intraocular lenses. DESIGN: In all, 61 patients (72 eyes), with update clinical examination, were retrospectively evaluated. Comparison of preoperative, postoperative, and latest visual function including best-corrected Snellen visual acuity, progression of uveitis and its complications, need for postoperative medical or surgical interventions. RESULTS: After a minimum follow-up of 5 years (mean 7 years 7 months), 82% of eyes maintained a visual improvement of two Snellen lines, 74% maintained 6/9 or better, and 14% had 6/18 or worse. The mode acuity was better than 6/6. The prevalence of macular oedema or scarring was 24%, of posterior capsule opacification 96%, and of glaucoma drainage, 15%. CONCLUSIONS: We report the long-term follow-up of cataract extraction and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation performed by a single surgeon on patients with uveitis attending a regional tertiary referral uveitis clinic. Using stringent perioperative and postoperative control of inflammation, patients with uveitis usually maintain high visual acuity over long-term follow-up. The incidence of sight-threatening postoperative complications is low and no ongoing complication has been attributed to IOL implantation.     

Two-year Course of Visual Acuity in Severe Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy with Conventional Management: Diabetic Retinopathy Vitrectomy Study (DRVS) Report #1

Seven hundred forty-four eyes with very severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) were followed with conventional management over a two-year period. Decreases in visual acuity were more frequent during the first year of follow-up than during the second, and were related to baseline visual acuity level and retinopathy severity. After two years, visual acuity was less than 5/200 in 45% of eyes with more than four disc areas of new vessels and visual acuity of 10/30 to 10/50 at baseline, but in only 14% of eyes with traction retinal detachment not involving the center of the macula and without active new vessels or fresh vitreous hemorrhage at baseline. Vitrectomy, which was undertaken only if retinal detachment involving the center of the macula occurred or if severe vitreous hemorrhage failed to clear after a one-year waiting period, had been carried out in 25% of eyes after two years of follow-up.     

葡萄膜炎并发白内障手术治疗的临床观察

目的　探讨葡萄膜炎并发白内障手术治疗的方法和临床效果。方法　３３例（３３眼）葡萄膜炎并发白内障患者行超声乳化人工晶状体植入术治疗,术前和术后给予泼尼松联合环磷酰胺治疗。术后观察视力、眼压、并发症以及葡萄膜炎复发等情况。术后随访６个月。结果　３３眼术后视力均有不同程度提高。术后最佳矫正视力≤０．１者３眼（９．０９％）,＞０．１～＜０．５者１１眼（３３．３３％）,０．５～＜１．０者１４眼（４２．４２％）,≥１．０者５眼（１５．１５％）。术后并发症包括后发性白内障２眼（６．０６％）,虹膜轻微后粘连６眼（１８．１８％）,白细胞数量轻度降低１例（３．０３％）。术后眼压均控制在正常范围内。随访期内未见葡萄膜炎复发。结论　葡萄膜炎并发白内障行白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术,术前和术后给予小剂量糖皮质激素联合环磷酰胺治疗效果较好,便于临床应用。