16-17世纪英国的瘟疫及其应对

在人类历史上，瘟疫既意味着个人的痛苦，也意味着社会的灾难，是历史中人类的另外一种生活体验。16—17世纪英国社会在面对瘟疫之时，反映是多方面的，应对措施也受着医学、宗教以及社会政治经济等方面因素的制约。虽然宗教观念在一定程度上对应对措施和医学科学的发展有消极的影响，但是政府医疗责任感增强并代替宗教机构承担起公共卫生的责任本身就表明了这是一种进步。     

The 13th College of Medicine Research Dissemination Conference,October 17th 2009

Introduction

The Health Research Capacity Strengthening Initiative (HRCSI) in Malawi is a DFID and Wellcome Trust-funded programme that started in October 2009. The initiative aims at strengthening research capacity and use of research in decision making and policy formulation. It has life span of five years.

Methods

The HRCSI made first call for applications for fellowships and research grants in February 2009. It received a total of 36 applications by 31st March 2009. All applications were reviewed by 24th August 2009. This paper distils major lessons that have been learned from the review of applications.

Results

The first lesson that has been learned from the processing of applications is that a disproportionate number of applicants do not adhere to the HRCSI guidelines for submission of applications. For example, out of 25 research grant applicants, only 6 adhered to HRCSI budget ceilings. Furthermore, out of 11 fellowship applicants, 4 met all the HRCSI guidelines. In light of this handcap, the guidelines need to be widely publicised and simplified. The second lesson is that research proposals were of very low quality. This assertion find support in the fact that out of 25 research proposals that were received, only seven qualify for funding. There is therefore urgent need to impart proposal writing skills to potential applicants through proposal development workshops. The third lesson is that one-month deadline for submission of proposal was not adequate. Out 25 potential applicants who gave HRCSI feedback on why they did not submit their applications, 20 cited time constraint as the main reason. The allowable time period for submission of applications should therefore be lengthened. The fourth lesson is that potential applicants lack adequate information on HRCSI programme. This is evident from submission of fellowship applications for courses/disciplines that are not targeted by HRCSI and failure of applicants to discriminate different types of research grants. There is therefore need to orient potential applicants with HRCSI guidelines. The fifth lesson is that the research proposals are not multidisciplinary in nature but are biased towards biomedical research. In view of this, among its existing guidelines HRCSI need to include a new guideline that states that preference will be given to multidisciplinary research proposals.

Conclusion

The lessons learned point to the fact the review process of fellowship and research grant applications is cumbersome, complex and time-consuming. In particular, processing of applications require adequate preparations and proper planning. To this end, HRCSI need to learn adequate lessons from the first call before advertising for second call of applications.

• Malawi Med J. 2009 Dec; 21(4): 185–204.
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• Risk Factors and Etiology of Acute Stroke in Malawi, A Country With High Prevalence of HIV

2009 Dec; 21(4): 185–204.

Risk Factors and Etiology of Acute Stroke in Malawi, A Country With High Prevalence of HIV

Terttu Heikinheimo-Connell, Daniel Chimbayo, Johnstone Kumwenda, Sam Kampondeni, and Theresa Allain Copyright and License information DisclaimerCopyright notice     

18世纪西医的临床医学

18世纪不仅是人类历史发展的重要转折点,也是西医学发展史上的重要历史时期。18世纪西医学从意大利人莫尔干尼创建病理解剖学开始,在西医基础医学与临床医学之间搭起了联系的桥梁,又有布尔哈夫呼吁“重视临床医学的发展”,使得西医临床医学在18世纪重新得到重视并发展起来。但与此同时,机械唯物论的思想也随之渗透到西医临床医学之中。     

纳米技术在21世纪现代医学科技领域中的应用

纳米技术,作为 20世纪 90年代发展起来的一门新兴科技,在现代医学科技领域中得到了广泛应用,它对生物医学工程方面的渗透和影响是前所未有的,对生命科学的研究和发展会起到决定性作用,纳米技术将掀起 21世纪新的产业革命.     

浅论21世纪信息革命与中医学发展

论述了人工智能、数码技术、网络技术与中医诊疗、器械、教育、商务、管理等领域发展的关系和现状。认为应在中医界内部培养精通信息技术的高级人才，把专业和信息技术结合起来研究和开发，把古老的中医药推向世界。