Mortality in sepsis versus non-sepsis induced acute lung injury

Introduction  

Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) has been reported to have a higher case fatality rate than other causes of ALI. However, differences in the severity of illness in septic vs. non-septic ALI patients might explain this finding.     

Early physiological and biological features in three animal models of induced acute lung injury

Introduction  

Critically ill patients often develop acute lung injury (ALI) in the context of different clinical conditions. We aimed to explore differences in early local and systemic features in three experimental animal models of ALI.     

Positive end-expiratory pressure affects the value of intra-abdominal pressure in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome patients: a pilot study

Introduction  

To examine the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) in patients with acute lung injury (ALI).     

Short women with severe sepsis-related acute lung injury receive lung protective ventilation less frequently: an observational cohort study

Introduction  

Lung protective ventilation (LPV) has been shown to improve survival and the duration of mechanical ventilation in acute lung injury (ALI) patients. Mortality of ALI may vary by gender, which could result from treatment variability. Whether gender is associated with the use of LPV is not known.     

A phase 1 trial of nebulised heparin in acute lung injury

Introduction  

Animal studies of acute lung injury (ALI) suggest nebulised heparin may limit damage from fibrin deposition in the alveolar space and microcirculation. No human studies have been undertaken to date. We assessed the feasibility, safety and potential anticoagulant effects of administration of nebulised heparin to patients with ALI.     

Short-term effects of combining upright and prone positions in patients with ARDS: a prospective randomized study

Introduction  

Prone position is known to improve oxygenation in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Supine upright (semirecumbent) position also exerts beneficial effects on gas exchange in this group of patients. We evaluated the effect of combining upright and prone position on oxygenation and respiratory mechanics in patients with ALI or ARDS in a prospective randomized cross-over study.     

Impact of intraoperative lung-protective interventions in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery

Introduction  

In lung cancer surgery, large tidal volume and elevated inspiratory pressure are known risk factors of acute lung (ALI). Mechanical ventilation with low tidal volume has been shown to attenuate lung injuries in critically ill patients. In the current study, we assessed the impact of a protective lung ventilation (PLV) protocol in patients undergoing lung cancer resection.     

Computed tomography assessment of exogenous surfactant-induced lung reaeration in patients with acute lung injury

Introduction  

Previous randomized trials failed to demonstrate a decrease in mortality of patients with acute lung injury treated by exogenous surfactant. The aim of this prospective randomized study was to evaluate the effects of exogenous porcine-derived surfactant on pulmonary reaeration and lung tissue in patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS).     

Red blood cell transfusion and outcomes in patients with acute lung injury,sepsis and shock

Introduction  

In this study, we sought to determine the association between red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and outcomes in patients with acute lung injury (ALI), sepsis and shock.     

Long pentraxin PTX3 deficiency worsens LPS-induced acute lung injury

Objective  

Long pentraxin PTX3 is an inflammatory mediator and a component of the humoral arm of innate immunity. PTX3 expression is increased in animals with acute lung injury (ALI) and in patients with sepsis or acute respiratory distress syndrome and is considered to be a potential biomarker for these diseases. However, the role of PTX3 in the pathogenesis of ALI is not fully understood. We hypothesized that PTX3, as an important immune modulator, may determine the severity of ALI.     

The number of failing organs predicts non-invasive ventilation failure in children with ALI/ARDS

Purpose  

Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIV) is being increasingly used in paediatric critical care, although its use in acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is still debated. No definite data are available for the prediction of NIV outcome in such selected populations. We aimed to identify which factors might affect NIV failure in paediatric ALI/ARDS patients.     

Inhaled beta-2 agonist salbutamol and acute lung injury: an association with improvement in acute lung injury

Introduction  

β2 agonists have several properties that could be beneficial in acute lung injury (ALI). We therefore chose to study the effect of inhaled β2 agonist use (salbutamol) on duration and severity of ALI.     

The neuronal guidance protein netrin-1 reduces alveolar inflammation in a porcine model of acute lung injury

Introduction  

Acute lung injury (ALI) is an inflammatory disorder of pulmonary or extrapulmonary origin. We have previously demonstrated that netrin-1 dampens murine ALI, and in an attempt to advance this finding into future clinical practice we evaluated whether netrin-1 would reduce alveolar inflammation during porcine ALI.     

An updated study-level meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials on proning in ARDS and acute lung injury

Introduction  

In patients with acute lung injury (ALI) and/or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), recent randomised controlled trials (RCTs) showed a consistent trend of mortality reduction with prone ventilation. We updated a meta-analysis on this topic.     

Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on respiratory function and hemodynamics in patients with acute respiratory failure with and without intra-abdominal hypertension: a pilot study

Introduction  

To investigate the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on respiratory function and hemodynamics in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with normal intra-abdominal pressure (IAP < 12 mmHg) and with intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH, defined as IAP ≥ 12 mmHg) during lung protective ventilation and a decremental PEEP, a prospective, observational clinical pilot study was performed.     

Interferon-β attenuates lung inflammation following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage

Introduction  

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) affects relatively young people and carries a poor prognosis with a case fatality rate of 35%. One of the major systemic complications associated with SAH is acute lung injury (ALI) which occurs in up to one-third of the patients and is associated with poor outcome. ALI in SAH may be predisposed by neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) and inflammatory mediators. The objective of this study was to assess the immunomodulatory effects of interferon-β (IFN-β) on inflammatory mediators in the lung after experimental SAH.     

Lung strain and biological response in mechanically ventilated patients

Purpose  

Lung tissue may exhibit a biochemical response to excessive deformation. Since strain has been proposed as a marker of such deformation, we studied the relationships between strain and matrix remodeling and inflammation markers in mechanically ventilated patients with and without acute lung injury (ALI).     

Mechanical ventilation with lower tidal volumes does not influence the prescription of opioids or sedatives

Introduction  

We compared the effects of mechanical ventilation with a lower tidal volume (V_T) strategy versus those of greater V_T in patients with or without acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on the use of opioids and sedatives.     

Association between IL-32 genotypes and outcome in infection-associated acute lung injury

Introduction  

Our purpose was to investigate variation within the IL-32 promoter and gene, and susceptibility to and outcomes from infection associated acute lung injury (ALI).     

Extravascular lung water index improves the diagnostic accuracy of lung injury in patients with shock

Introduction  

The diagnosis of acute lung injury (ALI) may be more robust if more accurate physiological markers can be identified. Extravascular lung water (EVLW) is one possible marker, and it has been shown to correlate with respiratory function and mortality in patients with sepsis. Whether EVLW confers diagnostic value in a general population with shock, as well as which index performs best, is unclear. We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of various EVLW indices in patients with shock.