右室性心动过速

本文主要综述了右室性心动过速的分类、发生机制、诊断、治疗与预后等内容。     

室速积分法对预激性心动过速的诊断价值

目的：探讨室速积分法诊断预激性心动过速的临床价值。 方法：选取30例经过心内电生理检查确诊的预 激性心动过速发作时的12导联心电图,首先用室速积分法对预激性心动过速进行评分,采用室速积分法的7项指标分 析预激性心动过速的心电图,计算7项指标及无人区电轴的特异度;对比分析积分值为2,Brugada,Wellens及Vereckei 流程法诊断预激性心动过速的差异。再依照特异度从低到高的顺序用Vereckei,Wellens及Brugada流程法,室速积分法 逐步排除室性心动过速(ventricular tachycardia,VT),比较各步骤诊断预激性心动过速的差异。结果：在单项指标中, 房室分离、无人区电轴特异度最高,均为100%;室速积分法分值≥3特异度为100%;室速积分法分值为2的特异度高 于Brugada,Wellens或Vereckei流程法(76.7% vs 50.0%,23.3%,20.0%;均P<0.05)。用Vereckei,Wellens及Brugada流程法, 室速积分法逐步排除VT后其特异度(20.0%,40.0%,66.7%,83.3%)高于单用Vereckei或前3种联合排除(P<0.001);但经 4种方法排除后剩下的假阳性病例与单一用室速积分法诊断的假阳性病例比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论：室 速积分法分值≥3可完全鉴别预激性心动过速与VT。室速积分法分值为2不能完全区分预激性心动过速与VT,但其特 异度明显高于Brugada,Wellens及Vereckei流程法。     

A large left ventricular calcification presenting with ventricular tachycardia

To the editor:A-51-year old male with no relevant medical history was admitted to our department due to palpitation lasting for a few months.Duration of tachycardia was 1-2 minutes and resulting with presyncope.Physical examination and laboratory tests were normal,blood pressure measured as 115/60 mmHg (1mmHg=0.133 kPa) and the heart rate was 85 beats per minute.     

胺碘酮注射液治疗室性心动过速疗效分析

目的:探讨胺碘酮注射液治疗室性心动过速的疗效。方法:在治疗原发病的基础上,对2005年1月~2008年12月我院收治的45例室性心动过速患者,先静脉给予胺碘酮注射液负荷量,再给予维持量静脉滴注,观察在治疗过程中患者的血压、心率变化情况。结果:本组治疗有效率为84.4%(38/45),1例死亡,4例出现血压下降,2例出现心率明显减慢,对症处理后症状缓慢,无不良反应。结论:胺碘酮注射液是治疗室性心动过速有效安全的药物,值得临床推广应用。     

维拉帕米敏感性室性心动过速的射频消融术治疗

目的 探讨射频消融术治疗维拉帕米敏感性室性心动过速（室速）的有效性和安全性。方法 选择本院18例确诊为维拉帕米敏感性室速的患者为研究对象。入院后行相关检查排除器质性心脏病后接受射频消融术。术中寻找Purkinje电位（P电位）,标测到P电位较体表的QRS波提前≥20 ms为理想消融靶点。在25 ～35 W,60℃左右的设置下行消融。其周围位置在同样的设置下消融。达到消融终点后,行右心室刺激或者异丙肾上腺素静滴后再行右心室刺激检验消融效果。术后给予常规治疗及护理。出院后随访3～6个月。结果 18例患者中,17例起源左后分支,1例起源左前分支,室速,分别在左中后间隔及前间隔消融成功。术中全部达到消融终点,均未再能诱发室速。理想靶点的P电位较体表QRS波提前(24.0±3.5)ms。发现提前越多,消融所需时间越少。术后有2例患者出现穿刺口血肿,无其他并发症出现。随访3～6个月,有2例多次心动过速发作,发作性质及心电图同前。治愈率达88.9％。结论 射频消融手术治疗维拉帕米敏感性室速是安全有效的,可以达到根治的目的,但有一定的复发率。     

Iatrogenic 'torsade de pointes' ventricular tachycardia

Three patients who developed a distinctive form of ventricular tachycardia with oscillating QRS axis, while they were receiving drugs known to prolong the repolarization time are described. In one of the patients suffering from psychiatric illness and receiving psychotropic drugs the arrhythmia was fatal. It is postulated that the tendency to this arrhythmia was augmented by repeated electric counter shocks and negative bathmotropic drugs. Functional factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of this arrhythmia which seems to constitute an entity.     

Identification and management of ventricular tachycardia

Recognising ventricular origin of a broad QRS tachycardia helps to appropriately identify and manage patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the emergency. Relatively simple clinical and ECG clues help in reaching the correct diagnosis in the majority of patients. Management strategies vary with the clinical diagnosis and an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is indicated for chronic prophylactic therapy in patients with coronary artery disease and serious ventricular arrhythmias, especially in those with ventricular dysfunction. The role of this device in patients with stable VT and ejection fractions > 0.35 deserves closer scrutiny. Radiofrequency ablation mostly plays an adjunctive role. Anti-arrhythmic drugs (amiodarone/sotalol and beta-blockers) are required to prevent frequent recurrences. A hybrid approach combining all these therapeutic modalities is often needed. Prognosis in patients with specific VT syndromes such as right ventricular outflow VT, left ventricular fascicular VT and left ventricular outflow VT is excellent with drugs. Radiofrequency ablation is curative in such syndromes.