脊髓前动脉损伤致脊髓缺血性损伤模型的MRI评价

目的：研究经脊髓前动脉损伤，致脊髓缺血性损伤模型的高场强MRI信号表现特征。方法：选用12只家犬经颈前手术入路，切断脊髓前动脉，经高场强MRI扫描，对照病理分析脊髓前动脉损伤后脊髓的MRI信号变化特征。结果：脊髓前动脉损伤后脊髓MRI表现出异常T2WI高信号，且出现在脊髓前动脉损伤节段的前2／3，多表现为一例受累及或偏向一例。结论：MRI能确定脊髓缺血性损伤的部位及信号特征。     

低场磁共振成像在无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤诊治中的应用

目的探讨低场强磁共振成像(MRI)在无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤临床诊治中的应用。方法收集19例无骨折脱位的颈髓损伤患者的MRI表现、临床资料,总结MRI检查在无骨折脱位型脊髓损伤诊治中的重要性。结果本组病例中X线、CT检查均未见骨折脱位,有颈椎间盘突出及椎体后缘增生、后纵韧带骨化,黄韧带肥厚、小关节突增生所致椎管狭窄,颈髓前、后受压,其中:颈髓前方受压14例,颈髓后方受压5例,颈髓前后同时受压6例;颈髓损伤平面对应椎管狭窄、脊髓受压平面:颈3~4水平11例,颈4~5水平5例,颈5~6水平2例,有1例颈髓损伤平面不同于脊髓受压平面。MRI信号表现:脊髓肿胀、脊髓水肿、脊髓挫伤。结论 MRI检查是诊断无骨折脱位的脊髓损伤的最准确、最有效检查方法,为临床医师评估预后、制定合理的治疗方案,提供可靠依据。     

急性颈髓创伤MRS

目的探讨MR质谱(1H-MRS)与MRI对急性颈髓损伤的诊断价值.材料和方法对19例急性颈髓损伤病人行MRI与1H-MRS检查,根据MRI表现与临床神经功能分组并计算氮-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱(Cho)、肌酸(Cr)、乳酸(Lac)波峰面积,分析NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr、Cr/Cho、Lac/Cho各值变化,并取9例健康者作对照.结果颈髓完全性损伤组NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr、Cr/Cho、Lac/Cho各值为0.4l、0.4l、1.08、4.2l,不完全损伤组为0.96、0.90、1.05、2.44,对照组为1.1、1.23、1.05、1.3.颈髓完全损伤组与对照组比NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr值降低,Lac/Cho值升高(p＜0.01),不完全损伤组仅Lac/Cho值升高(p＜0.05).颈髓损伤不同程度中,完全损伤组较不完全损伤组中NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr显著减低(p＜0.05).结论1H-MRS可定量测定创区颈髓相关代谢介质的变化,从代谢水平反映颈髓损伤的不同程度,MRI结合1H-MRS有利于颈髓损伤评价.     

急性脊髓型减压病的MRI诊断

目的 描述急性脊髓型减压病的MRI表现,提高对该病的认识水平.方法 对5例有明确潜水作业史,且违反减压规定、快速出水后短时内出现完全或不完全性脊髓损害症状,以感觉障碍和大小便失禁为主要临床表现,经临床综合确诊为急性脊髓型减压病的患者的MRI表现进行回顾性分析.结果 5例均见脊髓空泡征及T2 WI弥漫性略高信号,在T1 WI上呈等信号3例,略高信号和略低信号各1例.3例见猫头鹰眼征,2例见多发腔隙性病灶,T2 WI脊髓内条状低信号及T1 WI马尾略高信号各1例.结论 急性脊髓型减压病的MRI表现具有一定特点,结合潜水并违规减压史和临床表现容易作出准确诊断.     

急性脊髓损伤后运动诱发电位与MRI表现相关性研究

目的：研究实验性脊髓急性创伤后动态MR表现和运动诱发电位评分间的相关性。材料和方法：23只家兔建立脊髓液压损伤模型，其中对照组5只，脊髓按不同损伤程度分A、B两纽，各9只．于伤后24h、72h、7d行MRI与运动诱发电位评分。结果：脊髓损伤A组创后24h出现高低混杂信号．MEP未引出且随时间延睫未见恢复；72h出现血肿信号特征．7d创区大部分坏死信号．其功能未见恢复。损伤B组24h见点状水肿信号．MEP潜伏期明显延长．72h-7d范围扩大，MEP表现山脊髓功能部分恢复。结论：脊髓功能的MEP评判准确地提供了量化标准。高场MRI发现72h表现出脊髓血肿的信号提示脊髓功能缺失严重，而72h的点状高信号提示脊髓不完全损伤．并可有恢复。     

三维MRI成像对急性颈髓损伤的诊断价值

目的:探讨三维稳态进动快速成像技术(threedimensionfastimagingwithsteadyprecession,3DFisp)磁共振成像技术对急性颈髓的诊断、治疗和对预后估计的价值。方法:对急性颈段脊髓损伤在MRI常规扫描基础上进行颈髓3DFisp技术成像扫描。结果:3DFisp较常规MRI更能全方位更清晰地反映颈髓各种损伤和病理特征。结论:颈髓三维Fisp技术更能准确评估急性颈髓损伤的程度,并能及早对脊髓损伤进行治疗和预后评估。     

无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的MRI分析

目的 :探讨无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的发生机理、好发部位及MRI特点。材料和方法 :回顾性分析 43例无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的MRI表现。结果 :共发现脊髓异常MR信号 46处 ,多位于C4-6水平 ,异常信号T1WI为低信号、等信号或高信号 ;T2WI为信号均匀或不均匀的高信号。结论 :MRI能显示脊髓损伤的范围和病理改变 ,明确脊髓损伤处有无突出椎间盘的持续性压迫。是无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤最好的检查方法     

自发性脊髓硬膜外血肿的MRI诊断

目的 探讨自发性脊柱硬膜外血肿MRI表现特征.方法 对9例自发性脊髓硬膜外血肿的MRI表现作回顾性分析,本组患者均无明显的外伤史,发病后4～24h行MRI检查5例,1～3天行MRI检查3例,5天行MRI检查1例.常规横轴面、矢状面T2WI、TIWI及T2 WI脂肪抑制技术.结果 血肿发生于颈段4例,胸段2例,颈胸交界部2例,腰段1例.9例均表现为脊髓硬膜外梭形,长度7～12cm.血肿位于脊髓正后方4例,脊髓右后方3例,脊髓左后方1例,脊髓正前方1例,脊髓不同程度受压移位,脊髓与血肿间见线条状低信号影.4～24h行MRI检查5例,于T2 WI上呈稍高信号3例,高信号1例,等信号1例;于T11WI上呈等信号3例,等低信号2例.1～3天行MRI检查3例,于T2WI上呈低信号1例,等信号1例,等低信号1例;于T1WI上呈等信号2例,等低信号1例.5天行MRI检查1例,于T2 WI上呈低信号;T1WI上呈稍高信号.9例中T2WI压脂上呈低信号3例,等信号4例,高信号2例.结论 MRI是诊断自发性脊髓硬膜外血肿的最佳检查方法,不仅可以清楚地显示血肿的部位及范围,而且可以清楚地显示血肿新旧程度.     

急性脊髓炎的MR诊断

目的：探讨MRI对急性脊髓炎的诊断价值及预后评价分析。方法：总结30例经临床治疗及随访证实急性脊髓炎患者的MRI及临床表现，8例有复查MRI，分析常规序列MR平扫及增强扫描的影像学特点。结果：病变分布，于颈延髓2例，颈髓9例，颈胸髓15例，胸腰髓3例，全脊髓1例。病变范围，两个椎体高度以下为7例，2—4椎体高度5例，4个椎体高度以上18例，12例病变段脊髓增粗；病变信号为T1WI稍低或等信号，T2WI高信号，部分增强后有条状或斑片状强化。8例治疗后复查MR，病变范围明显改变，28例临床随访均有明显症状改善。讨论：MRI对急性脊髓炎诊断有重要价值，MRI表现有一定的特征性，结合病史可作出早期诊断，MRI随访是评价疗效的重要手段。     

动态MRI对臂丛根性损伤和颈髓损伤的鉴别诊断意义

目的探讨动态MRI诊断臂丛神经根性损伤的影像学表现及其诊断价值，以及在与颈髓损伤的鉴别诊断中的临床意义。方法对8例臂丛神经根性损伤患者行动态MRI检查，结合CT薄层扫描和肌电图随访；所有8例患者均手术证实为臂丛根性损伤。结果本组患者在伤后早期1～2d内均无位于椎间孔及椎间孔外的创伤性脊膜囊肿、神经根断裂等支持臂丛根性损伤的MRI异常表现；4例患者有颈椎骨折或颈髓损伤的MRI表现。伤后7～15d（平均10d）后，再次行颈椎MRI检查，出现典型的MRI臂丛根性损伤表现：椎间孔及椎孔外臂丛神经走行处T2WI高信号的创伤性脊膜囊肿、脊髓移位和神经根缺失及走行异常等。结论动态MRI检查对臂丛根性神经损伤具有损伤节段定位准确、椎管外部分同样能够显示、无创、操作简单、准确性高等特点；其短期内特征性的动态变化易于诊断臂丛根性损伤，同时又能与颈髓损伤相鉴别。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.