腹腔镜十二指肠溃疡穿孔非缝合修补术

1995－05／1996－04，行腹腔镜十二指肠溃疡穿孔非缝合修补术10例，与同期开腹修补术14例比较，初步疗效满意．1对象和方法1．1对象选择十二指肠溃疡穿孔患者，分为开腹手术组及腹腔镜手术组，二组术前临床资料表1．手术器械为腹腔镜胆囊切除术所用基本器械，修补材料为广州白云医用胶公司生产的ZT医用粘涂胶．表1患者术前临床资料1．2方法腹腔镜手术组：术前留置胃管，采用持续硬膜外麻醉或气管内插管全麻，建立CO2气腹，于脐下作11mm切口，放入腹腔镜，常规探视腹腔，于剑突右下作11mm切口；吸净积液，明确诊断，找到穿孔，如不能暴露穿…     

腹腔镜下多脏器联合手术39例报告

腹腔镜下多脏器联合手术是指在一次腹腔镜手术中同时处理两种或两种以上腹腔内病灶的手术方法，它充分地利用了腹腔镜微创、灵活、远距离操作及术中明确诊断的优势，拓宽了腹腔镜手术的临床应用范围，避免了传统多脏器手术长切口或多切口给患者造成的创伤与痛苦，弥补医生术前诊断不明的不足。我们从1994年10月到2003年6月完成腹腔镜多脏器联合手术39例，占同期腹腔镜手术的1．7％。     

有腹部手术史患者的腹腔镜胆囊切除术98例

近年来，腹腔镜胆囊切除术（ＬＣ）已经在各级医院广泛开展，ＬＣ的技术日趋成熟．在腹腔镜手术开展的早期，由于担心既往腹部手术造成腹腔内的粘连，影响腹腔镜手术的安全性和术后的恢复，腹部手术史曾经被视为腹腔镜手术的禁忌症．随着腹腔镜操作技术的提高，一些有腹部手术史的患者成功进行了ＬＣ．现总结我院对这部分患者进行ＬＣ的经验如下．１　材料和方法１．１　材料　１９９３０４／１９９９０２，我院对９８例有腹部手术史的患者进行了ＬＣ．这些患者既往曾进行１～２次下腹部手术，腹部手术史４ｍｏ～５１ａ，平均１５－４ａ…     

经内镜鼻胆管引流术在腹腔镜胆管探查中的作用

目的：应用经内镜鼻胆管引流术(ENBD)作为腹腔镜胆管探查术(LCBDE)胆管引流方式，探讨其应用价值。方法：对拟行腹腔镜下胆管探查的患者术前进行ENBD，后经胆总管探查切口应用液电碎石、胆道镜取石，将肝内外胆管结石取净，保留鼻胆管于胆管内，将胆总管探查切口一期缝合，常规放置腹腔引流管。术后经鼻胆管造影，肝内外胆管无残余结石，无胆漏，择期拔除腹腔引流管及鼻胆管。结果：共43例患者术前行ENBD，平均6．1d后行LCBDE。36例(83.7％)患者成功进行LCBDE，胆管探查切口一期缝合。术后经鼻胆管造影，发现1例(2．6％)术中胆道镜漏诊--小结石，经内镜取石后痊愈；无胆管狭窄及胆漏等并发症发生。另有7例患者(18．6％)中转开腹手术，其中2例保留鼻胆管，胆管切口行一期缝合，术后顺利拔除鼻胆管。38例患者(88．4％)均成功应用：ENBD进行胆管引流，平均3．2d拔除腹腔引流管，6.7d拔除鼻胆管，无相关并发症发生。结论：ENBD作为LCBDE胆管引流，是安全有效的方式，且术后引流时间短，并发症少，可充分发挥出腹腔镜治疗胆管结石微创的优势。     

透明质酸钠预防腹盆腔手术术后粘连的效果观察

目的：观察透明质酸钠预防腹盆腔手术术后粘连的效果。方法将128例腹部手术患者随机分为观察组和对照组各84例,两组均采用开腹手术治疗,观察组在术中及术后采用透明质酸钠预防粘连,对照组不采取任何预防粘连的措施。观察两组术后排气时间、切口愈合时间、阵发性腹痛发生率及粘连发生率。结果治疗后观察组排气时间、切口愈合时间及阵发性腹痛发生率与对照组比较均有统计学差异（P均＜0．05）。治疗后对照组发生粘连23例（27．4％）,观察组发生粘连9例（10．7％）,两组术后粘连发生率比较有统计学差异（P＜0．01）。结论术中及术后采用透明质酸钠可以预防腹盆腔手术术后粘连,加速伤口愈合。     

超声检查对肩袖损伤的诊断价值

目的：评价超声对肩袖损伤的诊断价值。方法对临床怀疑肩袖损伤的36例患者39个肩关节进行超声检查,并与开放或关节镜手术结果进行对照。结果39个肩关节中超声诊断肩袖损伤28肩,正常肩袖11肩;开放或关节镜手术确诊肩袖损伤30肩,正常肩袖9肩;超声诊断的敏感性为90．0％,特异性为88．9％,阳性预测值96．4％,阴性预测值72．7％,准确性89．7％。结论超声诊断对肩袖损伤有很高的临床应用价值,尤其适用于诊断肩袖全层撕裂,可作为首选影像学检查之一。     

经脐软式内镜腹腔粘连松解术初步临床应用

目的探讨经脐软式内镜完成腹腔粘连松解术的可行性和安全性。方法对1例因子宫肌瘤子宫切除术后腹腔粘连腹痛入院患者,经脐开口（1．5cm）入腹腔,置入普通胃镜,经内镜送气系统送入CO2建立气腹。探查腹腔,见下腹正中刀VI处腹膜与肠管和大网膜粘连,下腹部粘连较重。经内镜活检通道,分别用IT刀和Hook刀贴腹壁至上而下分离粘连带。分离大部分粘连后,发现分离过的大网膜和肠管粘连创面有新鲜渗血,内镜寻找出血点困难。遂经左下腹部布置1个5mm鞘管,腹腔镜协助寻找出血点,但未见出血部位,后自行止血。腹腔镜协助完成残余粘连松解。脐部切口用可吸收线缝合1针,左下腹部小切口不缝合。结果手术过程耗时40min,术中少量出血。患者术后脐部切口微痛,无需处理。术后当天进食并下床活动,观察2d无异常出院。结论经脐软式内镜腹腔粘连松解术是安全可行的,但有效性还有待进一步证实。     

肾上腺囊肿27例诊治析

对我院1997～2007年收治的27例肾上腺囊肿患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析，比较不同检查手段的术前诊断率及不同术式（开放手术、腹腔镜手术和后腹腔镜手术）的效果。结果发现B超、CT、MRI术前诊断正确率分别为58％（7／12）、39％（9／23）和100％（1／1），三者联用时为64％（7／11）；三种术式手术时间无显著差异，腹腔镜手术和后腹腔镜手术患者术中出血量与术后住院时间均显著小于开放手术者（P〈0．05）。术后随访2例失访，余均无复发，且生存状况良好。认为肾上腺囊肿术前应同时行B超、CT、MR／检查以提高诊断率；腹腔镜手术和后腹腔镜手术效果均优于开放手术。     

腹腔镜下T管引流在肝内外胆管结石患者中的应用效果研究

目的探讨腹腔镜下T管引流在肝内外胆管结石患者中的应用效果。方法选取2015年6月至2018年6月于我院接受治疗的296例肝内外胆管结石患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为腹腔镜手术组(n=148)和开腹手术组(n=148),腹腔镜手术组应用腹腔镜下T管引流术治疗,开腹手术组应用开腹胆总管切开取石术治疗。对比两组患者临床资料,统计两组患者手术出血量、手术时间、再次手术率、术后住院时间、术后胃肠恢复时间等近期疗效指标,并计算两组远期并发症总发生率。结果腹腔镜手术组和开腹手术组性别、结石分布、胆总管直径、术前总胆红素及胆囊切除手术史等临床资料对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者手术时间、术后住院时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),腹腔镜手术组手术出血量(24.69±10.74)mL,再次手术率1.35%,术后胃肠恢复时间(1.52±0.39)d,分别少于开腹手术组的手术出血量(69.38±20.17)mL,再次手术率12.16%,术后胃肠恢复时间(3.69±0.46)d,数据对比差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。腹腔镜手术组发生1例腹腔感染占比0.68%,1例切口感染占比0.68%,1例切口脂肪液化占比0.68%;开腹手术组发生2例急性胆管炎占比1.35%,7例腹腔感染占比4.73%,11例切口感染占比7.43%,3例切口脂肪液化占比2.02%。腹腔镜手术组远期并发症总发生率为2.02%,显著低于开腹手术组并发症总发生率15.54%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜下T管引流术较开腹胆总管切开取石术能够减少患者手术出血量、再次手术及术后胃肠恢复时间,术后患者远期并发症发生率较低,适合临床推广。     

右室双出口超声和右心室造影与手术结果对比分析

对15例经手术证实的右室双出口患者术前超声检查和右心室造影诊断与手术病理结果进行对比分析，超声诊断准确率86．7％（13／15），右心室造影诊断准确率91．7％（11／12）。经统计学分析，两者无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。认为：超声心动图检查与右心定造影结合可在术前诊断右室双出口及合并畸形。     

The prevention of postoperative port-site adhesion following single-port access (SPA) laparoscopic surgeries

No studies have examined the issue of intraabdominal port-site adhesion following single-port access (SPA) laparoscopic surgeries. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the clinical effects of temperature-sensitive adhesion barrier solution in preventing periumbilical adhesion in SPA laparoscopy. This was a prospective, single-arm study in which patients were given GUARDIX-SG^TM after SPA laparoscopic surgery for benign gynecologic diseases. One gram of GUARDIX-SG^TM was applied on the abdominal viscera just below the umbilical port site and adjacent abdominal wall prior to fascia closure. The primary endpoint was the incidence of postoperative adhesion evaluated by visceral sliding technique through transabdominal sonography after three months. Between June 2019 and March 2020, a total of 37 healthy patients without any history of previous abdominal surgery received SPA laparoscopic surgery by a single surgeon. No postoperative complications such as wound dehiscence or surgical site infection occurred during the follow-up period of three months. No postoperative adhesion around the umbilicus was noted in all 37 patients. The mean visceral movement measured by transabdominal sonography during maximal respiration was 4.9 cm (4.9 ± 1.9 cm). Using an adhesion barrier around the port site prior to fascia closure prevents postoperative adhesion in benign SPA laparoscopic gynecologic surgery.     

Laparotomy wound and anastomotic recurrences after resection for cecum cancer: a case report

We report herein the case of a 46-year-old man who developed recurrences in both the incisional laparotomy wound of the abdominal wall and the stapled anastomotic site following ileo-colonic resection for cecum cancer. The patient had initially undergone laparoscopic surgery but had converted to conventional open surgery. Intestinal reconstruction had been performed by stapled functional end-to-end anastomosis between the ileum and ascending colon. The implantation of exfoliated cancer cells during the operation may have caused recurrence.     

Abdominal Wall Endometriomas

Endometriosis is a condition in which uterine mucosal tissue is located outside the uterus. Endometriosis may be pelvic or extrapelvic. The term endometrioma is used when endometriosis appears as a circumscribed mass. Abdominal wall endometriomas are usually a secondary process in scars after surgical procedures. A retrospective study of abdominal wall endometrioma, from March 1992 through April 1999 at our institution was done. The mean age of the patients was 28.4 years. Twelve of these reported cases were secondary to previous surgery. One patient presented primarily with an abdominal wall mass without previous surgical history. The most common presentation was an abdominal wall mass associated with pain during the menstrual cycle. Endometrioma was considered as a differential diagnosis in seven patients. All patients underwent surgery. Along with the literature review on endometrioma, the importance of considering it in the differential diagnosis for patients of child-bearing age is discussed.     

Open versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallbladder carcinoma

Laparoscopic surgery has replaced conventional open cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder disease. A major concern is how to handle gallbladder cancer in the laparoscopic era, since there are numerous case reports of port site metastases from gallbladder cancer after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. There are also many experimental studies favoring the opinion that the laparoscopic technique implies a higher risk of spreading malignant disease. This opinion has gained wide acceptance despite little previous clinical effort to determine the risk of tumor dissemination and the lack of comparisons between open and laparoscopic surgery. This report is a short summary of our own studies and present knowledge with special respect to the clinical aspects of the development and incidence of abdominal wall metastases. Among 270 patients with verified gallbladder carcinoma in whom 210 had open surgery and 60 a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 12 patients (6.5%) in the open cholecystectomy group and 9 (15%) in the laparoscopic group developed incisional metastases. Although the sparse clinical documentation does not unavoidably mean that laparoscopic cholecystectomy has an increased risk of disseminating tumor cells, we recommend open surgery in cases of known or suspected gallbladder carcinoma.     

Avoiding extraction site herniation after laparoscopic right colectomy

Transverse abdominal wall incisions are favoured as part of enhanced recovery programmes. We explored the use of rectus-preserving extraction site incisions in laparoscopic right colectomy. The approach involved minimal anterior abdominal wall disruption with preservation of the rectus abdominis muscle: the rectus abdominis muscle extraction site (RAMES). In 15 patients, a RAMES was used electively in right colectomy for malignancy. The median wound length was 6?cms. There was no clinical or radiological evidence of incisional herniation in the 15 patients at 12-month and in the 12 survivors at 24-month follow-up. An anatomical dissection at specimen extraction site reduces early incisional herniation rates and should be of benefit in the longer term.     

Laparoscopic procedures for small bowel disease

Small bowel procedures such as placement of feeding jejunostomy, diagnosis of small bowel ischaemia and obstruction, bowel resection and lysis of adhesions can all be performed laparoscopically. Diagnostic laparoscopy can be performed with low complication rates, and can help avoid unnecessary laparotomy. The open method of trocar placement is preferred in patients with adhesions or distended bowel due to obstruction or ileus. Feeding jejunostomy can be placed by laparoscopically assisted methods, pulling the jejunum out or completely laparoscopically. The latter requires fixation of the jejunum to the abdominal wall by transabdominal sutures or T-fasteners. The T-fastener technique for feeding jejunostomy is simple to perform, safe and effective.Small bowel ischaemia can be difficult to diagnose laparoscopically. Fluorescein and ultrasound Doppler examination of the small bowel may be as useful as in laparotomy, but there is little clinical experience with these techniques. Laparoscopically assisted small bowel resection involves intraperitoneal division of the mesenteric vessels and exteriorization of the small bowel through a small abdominal incision, followed by resection and anastomosis. The causes of small bowel obstruction can be diagnosed laparoscopically, and adhesions can be lysed under laparoscopic guidance. The laparoscopic approach is replacing laparotomy for many small bowel procedures. Improvements in instruments and experience in laparoscopic procedures will continue to make these procedures easier and safer to perform.     

Effect of previous surgery on abdominal opening time

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to document prospectively the time required to gain access to the abdomen to perform a planned procedure in patients with and without previous surgery. METHODS: Patients were obtained from the consecutive cases of 11 surgeons at three colorectal surgery centers. Opening time (skin incision to retractor placement) was measured and recorded in the operating room by the circulating nurse or by an independent researcher. Demographic data including the number and type of previous operations and the presence and severity of adhesions were recorded by the staff surgeon. A comparison of opening times between patients with and without previous abdominal operations was conducted. RESULTS: One hundred ninety-eight patients had abdominal operations. Fifty-five percent had previous abdominal procedures. Patients with prior surgery required a mean of 21 minutes to open their abdomens, whereas patients without prior surgery required a mean of 6 minutes (P<0.01). The median times were 17 and 6 minutes, respectively. Eighty-three percent of patients with prior surgery had adhesions, whereas only 7 percent of patients had adhesions on their initial operation. Patients with prior surgery also had higher grade adhesions (P<0.001). Irrespective of previous surgery, comparing patients with adhesions with those without, patients with adhesions required a mean of 22 minutes to open, whereas the lack of adhesions resulted in a mean opening time of 6 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: Previous surgery and the presence of adhesions add significant time to opening the abdomen.     

Impact of previous abdominal surgery on the outcome of laparoscopic colectomy: a case-matched control study

Background Adhesions are a major risk for visceral injury and can increase the difficulty of both laparoscopic and open colectomy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of previous abdominal surgery on laparoscopic colectomy in terms of early outcome. Methods We performed a case-control study of patients who underwent laparoscopic colectomy for colorectal disease. The case group comprised 91 patients with a history of prior abdominal surgery, while the 91 controls had no such history. Case and controls were matched for age, gender, site of primary disease, comorbidity on admission and body mass index. Results The two groups were homogeneous for demographic and clinical characteristics. Conversion rate was 16.5% in the case group and 8.8% in the control group (p=0.18). Of the 7 patients who underwent conversion because of adhesions, six had prior surgery (cases) and one did not (p=0.001). Operative time was 26 minutes longer in the case group than in the control group (p=0.001). Morbidity rate was 25.3% among cases and 23.1% for controls. Patients in the two groups experienced a similar time to recovery of bowel function, length of postoperative stay, and 30-day readmission rate. Conclusions Laparoscopic colectomy in previously operated patients is a time-consuming operation, but it does not appear to affect the short-term postoperative outcome.     

Diagnostic laparoscopy in gastroenterology

Between 1970 and 1983, we performed 1121 diagnostic laparoscopies in 1119 patients. More than 50% of the examinations were performed for malignant disease. An adequate examination was accomplished in 917 (82%) procedures. The most frequent reason for inadequate evaluation was the presence of dense intraabdominal adhesions from previous surgery. We observed 105 (9.4%) minor complications and 20 (1.8%) major complications including one death following hemorrhage from liver biopsy. Major complications included abdominal wall hematoma, perforated abdominal viscus, hemoperitoneum, bleeding from liver biopsy, and respiratory depression. We observed a trend to decreased use of laparoscopy. Ascites of unknown origin and certain specific situations in patients with chronic liver disease remain as major indications for this diagnostic technique.     

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: 111 Consecutive Cases

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy removes the gallbladder through three or four puncture wounds in the abdominal wall. The technique reduces the recuperative time to full activity, from as long as 4 wk to as little as 3 days, compared with conventional cholecystectomy. We herein present our initial experience with this procedure. In this series of 111 laparoscopic cholecystectomies, there were no mortalities and only one morbidity. Thirty-nine patients (35%) had a history of prior abdominal surgery. Fourteen underwent laparoscopic lysis of adhesions. Intraoperative cholangiograms were performed in 24 patients (21%), demonstrating choledocholithiasis in three. Two of the three patients underwent postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP); in the other, laparoscopic common bile duct exploration was performed. In each case, the common bile duct (CBD) was completely cleared of stones. Incidental laparoscopic appendectomy was also performed in three patients. The average time for completion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in cases of chronic cholecystitis was 40 min. If the gallbladder was acutely inflamed, the procedure took a mean of 126 min. This series had a higher percentage of patients (19%) with acute cholecystitis then previously reported; therefore, the 2% conversion rate in this series emphasizes the broad applicability of the technique. The average length of stay in the hospital was 1.4 days, and patients returned to work in about 7 days.