国产BuMA支架在冠心病大小血管病变经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的疗效比较

目的 评价国产BuMA生物降解药物涂层冠状动脉支架在冠心病小血管病变经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的临床疗效及安全性.方法 选择182例行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）的冠心病患者,其中小血管病变组102例,大血管病变组80例,均置入BuMA生物降解药物涂层冠状动脉支架,比较观察手术成功率、术中并发症及在1～12个月随访期间的心绞痛、猝死、主要不良心脏事件（MACE）发生率及复查冠状动脉造影情况.结果 大血管病变组和小血管病变组手术即刻成功率均为100％,两组共发现203处靶病变,共置入支架273枚.术中均无严重并发症发生.对入选182例患者进行出院后第1、3、6、12个月门诊随访发现,小血管病变组8例心绞痛复发,其中1例为糖尿病患者.大血管病变组5例复发心绞痛.于术后第6～9个月复查冠状动脉造影证实,小血管病变组2例分别为右冠状动脉主干、左前降支支架内远段再狭窄达75％～80％,大血管病变组1例为左前降支支架近端再狭窄75％.两组心绞痛复发、冠状动脉造影支架内再狭窄及靶病变血运重建主要MACE发生率的差异均无统计学意义.两组均未出现迟发性支架内血栓、无心肌梗死及猝死.结论 国产BuMA生物降解药物涂层冠状动脉支架应用于冠心病小血管病变介入治疗安全、有效,疗效不逊于用于冠心病大血管病变时.     

药物洗脱支架治疗不稳定型心绞痛患者的疗效观察

目的评价药物洗脱支架治疗不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）的临床疗效。方法对我院138例UAP患者经标准药物治疗3～7d后日常活动仍有心绞痛发作或运动试验阳性者行冠状动脉造影检查。对病变血管狭窄〉70％且为经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）适应证的病变处行PCI并植入药物洗脱支架,共治疗病变血管202支,植入支架243个。结果支架植入成功率100％,术中和住院期间无死亡病例。1例于术后3h发生支架内血栓形成。138例患者随访6～24个月,1例死于出血性脑卒中,2例猝死,8例进行了靶血管血运重建。7～18个月共复查冠状动脉造影37例,支架内在狭窄5例。135例患者心绞痛症状完全消失或明显减轻,三例患者症状改善不明显。结论药物洗脱支架治疗UAP疗效满意。     

系统性红斑狼疮合并急性冠状动脉综合征冠状动脉介入治疗临床分析

目的探讨系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)合并急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)冠状动脉病变特点及介入治疗的安全性、可行性和有效性问题。方法对6例女性SLE合并ACS患者(年龄23～54岁,SLE病史5～13年,激素应用时间≥2年)行冠状动脉介入治疗。结果冠状动脉造影(CAG)显示,三支病变2例、双支病变2例、单支病变2例。前降支均有累及。6例患者共植入支架9枚,手术成功率100%。对6例介入治疗患者进行了3～6个月的临床随访,有4例患者有心绞痛复发而再住院,复查CAG发现有支架内再狭窄(ISR)再次经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)手术。植入药物涂层支架(DES)的2例患者无不良心血管事件发生。结论SLE合并ACS患者冠状动脉介入治疗是安全可行的,但术后再狭窄率较高,DES是否有助于此类患者治疗尚有待于进一步观察。     

介入治疗非ST段抬高的急性冠状动脉综合征

目的　观察介入治疗非ST段抬高的急性冠状动脉综合征 (acutecoronarysyndromes ,ACS)的安全性及临床效果。方法　 16 5例ACS患者 ,接受急诊介入治疗的 89例 ,经内科治疗病情改善后再介入治疗的 76例。所有“罪犯”病变均予治疗 ,其中 4 1例患者同时接受了“罪犯”与非“罪犯”病变血管的治疗。介入方法有经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA) +支架、直接植入支架及切割球囊扩张。结果　 16 5处“罪犯”病变PTCA后植入支架 134枚 ,直接植入支架 4 8枚。术后残余狭窄均 <10 % ;前向血流达TIMI 3级 ;136例患者心绞痛消失 ,11例有不典型胸痛 ,2 4h后消失 ;术前仅有胸闷症状的 18例患者 ,术后 15例消失 ,3例减轻 ;无术中死亡及急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术 (CABG)病例。随访 139例患者 2～ 18个月 ,2 0例再发心绞痛 ,有 14例冠状动脉造影提示再狭窄 ,其中 11例再次行PTCA ,1例PTCA +支架 ,2例接受外科CABG ;无急性心肌梗死、猝死及心功能恶化发生。结论　在条件具备的介入中心 ,由经验丰富和技术娴熟的介入治疗医生施行或在其指导下 ,对非ST段抬高的ACS患者进行介入治疗是积极有效的治疗措施 ,近、远期临床效果较满意 ,手术成功率及安全性较高     

急诊冠状动脉内支架置入治疗不稳定性心绞痛

目的　探讨在不稳定性心绞痛病人症状未缓解状态下行急诊冠状动脉内支架置入的疗效及安全性。方法　对53例不稳定性心绞痛病人在心绞痛反复发作时即行冠状动脉造影，明确病变后行冠状动脉支架置入术。结果　53处病变置入56个支架，术中无严重并发症，34例心绞痛消失；9例有不典型胸痛，症状在1～2天内消失，无急诊冠状动脉搭桥及死亡。随访3个月～3年,6例冠脉造影证实再狭窄，5例行再次PTCA术后症状消失，1例行PTCA后仍有症状行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)，无死亡病例。结论　冠状动脉内支架置入治疗急性冠状动脉综合征近期及远期效果较好，治疗成功率及安全性较高。     

自发性冠状动脉夹层的介入治疗结果分析

目的了解自发性冠状动脉夹层病变(SCAD)及其介入治疗。方法回顾性研究10例SCAD患者,介入治疗9例,了解治疗并发症以及预后。结果 8例患者在冠状动脉夹层处直接植入支架;1例患者导引导丝始终未能进入血管真腔,放弃介入治疗,改为开胸冠状动脉搭桥治疗。1例未予介入干预,仅药物治疗。行冠状动脉支架介入治疗患者随访3个月~2年,未发生心绞痛或心肌梗死等心脏事件。所有患者均存活。结论介入治疗可以作为冠状动脉自发夹层病变治疗的有效方法之一,但SCAD患者的治疗是选择内科药物保守治疗、冠状动脉介入治疗还是冠状动脉搭桥术,应根据冠状动脉造影时夹层的范围、形态、夹层阻塞血管的程度及对血流的影响等因素而决定。     

无保护左主干病变患者经皮介入治疗的即刻及远期疗效分析

目的探讨无保护左主干病变患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的近、远期疗效。方法解放军总医院2001年12月~2006年8月接受PCI的77例左主干病变的病例资料,2006年8月对上述患者进行随访,包括造影及电话随访。结果即刻成功率100%,无严重术中并发症,住院期间无死亡。术后随访0.5~54(12.95±10.31)个月,其中1例术后6个月行冠状动脉CT检查,支架内无狭窄;20例患者进行了冠状动脉造影检查,1例术后30天出现支架内亚急性血栓;10例分别在1~12个月造影时显示支架内再狭窄,其中4例发生在左主干支架内,其余再狭窄均发生在分叉远端,并分别进行了处理。其余患者进行了电话随访,1例复发心绞痛,接受药物治疗。结论对经过选择的无保护左主干病变患者进行支架置入是可行和安全的,并有良好的近、远期疗效。     

Firebird支架治疗冠心病140例临床观察

观察国产Firebird支架在冠心病患者介入治疗中的临床疗效。方法共140例冠心病患者常规冠状动脉造影后行经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗,其中64例患者植入Firebird支架,76例患者置入普通支架,术前术后除常规使用阿司匹林和波立维外,同时给予严格的内科强化治疗,术后进行随访。结果冠状动脉造影显示2支以上血管病变占70.56%,一共植入Firebird支架114枚,普通支架105枚,所有患者均获得成功。平均随访(10.2±3.3)个月,其中药物支架组复发心绞痛18例,10例发生心肌梗死;普通组复发心绞痛40例,16例发生心肌梗死。部分患者行冠脉造影复查,Firebird支架组发生再狭窄2例,普通支架组发生再狭窄8例,均进行了靶病变重建术。结论Firebird支架对冠心病患者近期疗效确切,能减少再狭窄的发生。     

应用切割球囊预扩张后置入金属裸支架治疗冠状动脉开口病变的4年临床随访

目的探讨应用切割球囊预扩张后置入金属裸支架治疗冠状动脉开口病变的远期临床疗效.方法对66例有冠状动脉开口病变的患者行切割球囊预扩张后置入金属裸支架,并对上述患者进行了6～8个月的冠状动脉造影随访和4年的临床随访.66例中冠状动脉主干开口病变9例,前降支开口病变50例,回旋支和右冠脉动脉开口病变各为3例和4例.按照切割球囊与血管直径1∶1的原则,选择切割球囊的大小.结果66例患者中完成经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后6～8个月冠状动脉造影随访者38例,造影随访率为57.6%,其中9例发生支架内再狭窄.66例中完成4年临床随访55例,其中死亡2例,1例于冠状动脉旁路移植(CABG)术后死亡,1例死于肺癌,发生非Q波心肌梗死2例,均由支架内严重再狭窄所致,经再次PCI治疗成功.4年间行血管重建术8例,其中再次PCI 4例,行CABG 4例,总计心脏事件发生率为16.4%(9/55).结论本研究显示切割球囊预扩张后置入金属裸支架有良好的近远期效果,未发现有晚期血栓形成致心脏事件的证据.     

雷帕霉素洗脱支架远期致冠状动脉局部血管瘤样扩张四例报告

目的分析雷帕霉素洗脱支架远期发生冠状动脉局部血管瘤样扩张的特点及原因。方法2004年4—7月接受介入治疗的冠心病患者4例,男3例,女1例,造影显示7支病变血管共置入9个支架,其中前降支置入Cypher select支架5个,回旋支置入Firebird支架2个,Pixel支架1个,右冠状动脉置入Cypher select支架1个。术后口服氯吡格雷75mg／d持续1年。结果4例均成功置入支架,病变血管达TIMI Ⅲ级血流灌注,心绞痛症状消失,无急性／亚急性血栓形成。平均随访（24．8±1．8）个月,无主要心脏不良事件发生。术后12个月冠状动脉造影随访,无支架内再狭窄及新病变出现。停用氯吡格雷,继续门诊随访,病情稳定。4例患者分别于术后16、18、22个月因心绞痛症状复发而再次入院,入院后给予氯吡格雷75mg／d,静脉注射硝酸甘油及皮下注射低分子肝素治疗。冠状动脉造影显示：3例于前降支近段,1例右冠状动脉中段置入Cypher支架的部位冠状动脉呈血管瘤样扩张,扩张处血管直径明显大于临接正常冠状动脉,其他置入支架的血管无病变。术后即刻给予替罗非班（0．1μg·kg^-1·min^-1）连续3天治疗,症状消失。继续随访3—6个月,全部存活,无心绞痛发生。结论雷帕霉素支架远期发生支架贴壁不良,导致血管重构是造成局部血管瘤样扩张的可能原因。     

慢性肾衰竭透析患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的临床分析

目的:探讨慢性肾衰竭维持血液透析合并冠心病患者,行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的安全及有效性。方法:慢性肾衰竭维持血液透析合并冠心病的患者12例,在适当水化和强化透析的基础上应用非离子型造影剂行择期PCI。术后随访6个月,观察PCI术后患者心绞痛改善情况、住院期间及术后6个月的主要不良心脏事件(MACE,包括心源性死亡、再次急性心肌梗死、充血性心力衰竭、靶血管再次血运重建)及肾功能及尿量的变化。结果:12例患者3支冠状动脉病变比例最大,其次为双支病变,单支病变比例最小,C型病变最多。12例患者PCI手术成功率为100%,平均置入支架(2.8±1.3)个。12例患者术后72小时及随访6个月时SCr、BUN及尿量无明显变化。12例患者术后心绞痛症状消失,住院期间无MACE发生,随访6个月1例患者因PCI术后2个月时再次出现心绞痛症状而行再次PCI术,其他患者随访6个月无MACE发生。结论:对慢性肾衰竭维持血液透析的冠心病患者,行PCI是安全有效的。     

Renal artery stenosis presenting as crescendo angina pectoris

The coexistence of different clinical syndromes due to atherosclerosis in different organs is not rare and emphasizes the diffuse nature of this vascular process. Although renovascular disease may cause hypertension and/or renal insufficiency, it may also occur in the absence of the usual clinical markers that suggest renovascular hypertension. We report a patient with stable coronary anatomy who presented with crescendo angina pectoris. Diagnosis of renovascular hypertension was made by screening renal angiography at the time of the cardiac catheterization. Renal artery stenting resulted in stabilization of the coronary syndrome and obviated the need for further coronary intervention. To our knowledge, this is the first case of renovascular hypertension precipitating an unstable coronary syndrome in a patient with documented stable coronary anatomy. Review of the literature supports that patients undergoing cardiac catheterization are a high risk population for renovascular disease, particularly in the presence of other predictive factors such as documented coronary artery disease, older age, female gender, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, renal insufficiency, and smoking. Firm recommendations for routine screening renal angiography in patients undergoing peripheral or coronary angiography will need further studies. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

不稳定型心绞痛患者介人术后对比剂肾病的危险因素

目的探讨不稳定型心绞痛患者冠状动脉(冠脉)介入诊断及治疗术后对比剂肾病(CIN)的发生率及危险因素。方法连续入选2007年1～8月因不稳定型心绞痛入院并接受择期冠脉介入手术的患者232例。排除标准:(1)血压<120/70 mm Hg;(2)心功能(NYHA)分级>Ⅲ级。术中使用低渗非离子型对比剂碘普罗胺。介入术后24～72 h血肌酐(Scr)较基础值增高25%或44.2 μmol/L定义为CIN。分析CIN发生率与各项危险因素的相关性。结果 CIN总发生率为14.7%。冠脉钙化、术前Scr水平≥132.6 μmol/L、内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)<60 ml/min、NYHA Ⅲ级、糖尿病及年龄≥70岁的患者CIN发生率均明显增高。多变量回归分析显示,基线Scr≥132.6μmol/L、Ccr<60 ml/min、NYHA Ⅲ级与CIN的相关性最强。结论不稳定型心绞痛患者接受冠脉介入术后CIN是常见的并发症;高龄、肾功能不全、心功能不全、糖尿病及造影发现冠脉钙化是CIN发生的危险因素。     

Cholesterol embolism after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty procedure: a case report

A 68-year-old man with chest pain was treated under a diagnosis of angina pectoris based on coronary angiography by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty including stent implantation performed by the femoral approach. About 1 month after intervention, his renal function deteriorated and purpura appeared on both feet, especially at the toe tips. He was treated under a tentative diagnosis of cholesterol embolism conservatively at the out-patient clinic. However, he was admitted by ambulance due to worsening renal failure 2 months later and died from multiple organ failure 2 weeks after admission. Autopsy examination identified cholesterol embolism due to crystal emboli in several organs. Cholesterol embolism rarely occurs after angiographic or interventional procedures, but is difficult to diagnose clinically and there is no established therapy. The number of intervention and angiography procedures is increasing, so the occurrence of embolism as a complication of these procedures might also increase.     

Angina pectoris in severe aortic stenosis

We studied the value of angina pectoris as a predictor of significant coronary artery disease (CAD) in very elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). The study population consisted of patients with age at least 70 years who were referred for balloon aortic valvuloplasty (n = 90 patients). Routine coronary angiography was performed before the valvular intervention. Patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of angina pectoris. Of the patients with angina pectoris, 78% had obstructive (>50% diameter stenosis) CAD on coronary angiogram, while only 17% of patients without angina pectoris had obstructive CAD (p < 0.01). Angina pectoris had a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 82% for prediction of obstructive CAD. This suggests that in elderly patients with severe AS, the presence of angina pectoris is a strong determinant of CAD, and the absence of angina strongly suggests absence of obstructive CAD. In a very elderly population, appropriate decision-making with respect to AS management should not await diagnostic coronary angiography.     

90例选择性冠状动脉造影分析

目的：探讨选择性冠状动脉造影在冠心病诊断及治疗中的价值。方法：对心肌梗塞、典型心绞痛、不典型心绞痛患者共90例进行选择性冠状动脉造影，并对结果进行分析。结果：冠脉造影阳性率：心肌梗塞组占100％，典型心绞痛组占79．2％，不典型心绞痛组占37．5％。心肌梗塞组及典型心绞痛组与不典型心绞痛组比较，冠脉造影阳性率差异非常显著（P〈0．01），心肌梗塞组与典型心绞痛组比较阳性率无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论：冠状动脉造影不仅是诊断冠心病的“金标准”，而且有益于冠心病的分型和指导治疗。     

112例不稳定型心绞痛患者介入治疗的临床评价

目的 探讨不稳定型心绞痛患者介入治疗的安全性及临床效果。方法 不稳定型心绞痛112例．反复发作时即行冠状动脉造影,明确病变后对“罪犯”血管行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗,术后残余狭窄小于10％,前向血流按心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床实验（thrombolysisinmyocardialinfarction,TIMI）血流分级3级为手术成功;随访6月,分析即时及远期效果。结果 手术成功率100％,所有病例均随访6月,其中,17例（15％）患者在经皮冠状动脉介入术后3-6个月再发心绞痛,发作时心电图或平板负荷试验提示心肌缺血,此17例均再次冠状动脉造影提示“罪犯”血管支架内再狭窄,再次行经皮冠状动脉介入术。其余病例术后6个月内未再发心绞痛。随访期间无1例再发心肌梗死或死亡。结论 早期介入治疗不稳定型心绞痛患者是有效的治疗方法,手术成功率及安全性高,近期和远期临床效果满意。     

The prognostic implications of further renal function deterioration within 48 h of interventional coronary procedures in patients with pre-existent chronic renal insufficiency

BACKGROUND: Acute deterioration in renal function is a recognized complication after coronary angiography and intervention. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to determine the impact on acute and long-term mortality and morbidity of contrast-induced deterioration in renal function after coronary intervention. METHODS: We studied 439 consecutive patients who had a baseline serum creatinine > or = 1.8 mg/dL (159.1 /micromol/L) who were not on dialysis who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention in a tertiary referral center. All patients were hydrated before the procedure, and almost all received ioxaglate meglumine; 161 (37%) patients had an increase in serum creatinine > or = 25% within 48 h or required dialysis and 278 (63%) did not. In-hospital and out-of-hospital clinical events (death, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization) were assessed by source documentation. RESULTS: Independent predictors of renal function deterioration were left ventricular ejection fraction (p = 0.02) and contrast volume (p = 0.01). In-hospital mortality was 14.9% for patients with further renal function deterioration versus 4.9% for patients with no creatinine increase (p = 0.001); other complications were also more frequent. Thirty-one patients required hemodialysis; their in-hospital mortality was 22.6%. Four patients were discharged on chronic dialysis. The cumulative one-year mortality was 45.2% for those who required dialysis, 35.4% for those who did not require dialysis and 19.4% for patients with no creatinine increase (p = 0.001). Independent predictors of one-year mortality were creatinine elevation (p = 0.0001), age (p = 0.03) and vein graft lesion location (p = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: For patients with pre-existing renal insufficiency, renal function deterioration after coronary intervention is a marker for poor outcomes. This is especially true for patients who require dialysis.     

Intracoronary administration of nicorandil for the treatment of spontaneous microvascular spasm with ST segment elevation.

A 64-year-old man with a history of previous coronary intervention of the left anterior descending artery was admitted to hospital because of recurrent chest pain at rest. Coronary angiography revealed no significant coronary artery stenosis. During preparation for the second shot of the right coronary artery, chest pain occurred unexpectedly, represented by ST segment elevation in leads II, III and aV(F). Immediate right coronary angiography revealed no significant coronary artery stenosis, but markedly delayed contrast medium washout. Intracoronary administration of nicorandil attenuated this phenomenon, and the patient was diagnosed as having angina pectoris caused by microvascular spasm with ST segment elevation.     

Gadolinium:nonionic contrast media (1:1) coronary angiography in patients with impaired renal function

This study was to test safety and efficacy of 1:1 mixture of gadolinium:nonionic contrast media in avoiding contrast nephropathy during coronary angiography in patients with renal dysfunction. Although "off label" for x-ray angiography, gadolinium has drawn attention for its potential to avoid contrast nephropathy during coronary angiography. Initial data seem promising. Patients with a baseline creatinine of 1.5 mg/dl or more were included. In order to minimize contrast nephropathy risk, all patients were thoroughly hydrated and treated by N-acetylcysteine. After coronary angiography and/or percutaneous coronary intervention, renal function tests were remeasured on days 1, 2, and 3. A rise of 0.5 mg/dl or more in creatinine value in the following 3 days or the need for dialysis were considered as a contrast nephropathy event. Twenty-six patients were enrolled in this study. Ten were women and 16 were men. The mean age was 65.7 +/- 11. Baseline creatinine value was 2.47 +/- 0.74 mg/dl. The total amount of contrast medium used on 1:1 fashion was 57.1 +/- 27.2 ml. No procedure-related cardiac complication or contrast nephropathy event occurred in this study. Although there was a slight loss in image quality, we felt that the results were adequate for interpretation. Although "off label," using gadolinium contrast media in a 1:1 mixture with standard nonionic low osmolar contrast media seems to be a viable option in decreasing the likelihood of contrast nephropathy. Further evaluation appears to be warranted.