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目的探讨强直性肌营养不良症(DM)1型和2型基因诊断准确和有效的方法。方法以20例无血缘关系的DM疑似患者为研究对象,应用长模板聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增和地高辛标记PCR来源的片段作为探针行DNA印迹法杂交诊断DM1型和DM2型患者。结果确诊4例DM1型患者,未发现DM2型患者,其余患者排除DM1型和DM2型疾病。结论用长模板PCR扩增和地高辛标记探针行DNA印迹法杂交对受检者进行DM基因诊断的准确性和有效性高,适用性广,对于DM的早期诊断和预防,降低DM发病率有重要价值。  相似文献   

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张申  寿纪菲  杨朝燕  张帅  郭亚珂 《安徽医药》2023,27(7):1346-1348
目的 探讨强直性肌营养不良1型(DM1)一家系的临床表现和遗传学特点。方法 对郑州大学附属郑州中心医院2019年4月收治的该家系部分成员进行体格检查、血生化、肌电图和基因检测等检查,绘制家族系谱图,分析该家系的临床特点。结果 该家系共12人,其中5人为强直性肌营养不良(myotonic dystrophy,DM)病人,存在明显的遗传早现现象。5例DM病人均为慢性病程,以肌无力、肌强直为主要表现,伴心脏、内分泌、呼吸等多系统受累,肌电图可见特征性肌强直放电和肌源性损害,血清肌酶轻度增高或正常。结论 DM主要以肌强直、肌无力、肌萎缩为主要表现的多系统受累疾病,临床表现复杂多样,肌电图、病理活检和基因检测有助于诊断和分型。  相似文献   

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The muscular dystrophies are generally characterised by progressive skeletal muscle wasting and weakness. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an X-linked disorder, is the most severe of all the dystrophies and is caused by a variety of mutations and deletions in the dystrophin gene. In the absence of dystrophin expression, the skeletal muscles of boys with DMD undergo continuous cycles of degeneration and regeneration of muscle fibres that lead to a progressive wasting of the skeletal muscles. At age 10 years, DMD patients have only 25% of the muscle mass of healthy children and the functional burden on their weakened muscles is too great for normal ambulation well before this time. They become dependent on a wheelchair before their early teens and die of respiratory or heart failure by their early 20’s. There is a profound need for therapeutic intervention strategies that aim to cure or ameliorate the dystrophic condition and improve the quality of life for these patients. Therapeutic approaches for muscular dystrophy fall into two classes: those that attempt to ameliorate the dystrophic condition through pharmacological interventions, or those that attempt to overcome the gene defect. The greatest likelihood of a cure for DMD and other muscular dystrophies will eventually be derived from gene therapy. However, problems continue to plague this research, including: the limitation of the spread of expression from injection sites in the muscle, the longevity of expression, the need for systemic delivery, vector design and carrying capacity, and difficulties with immunosuppression. Sadly, until these techniques are perfected, boys with DMD will die and patients with other less severe neuromuscular conditions will continue to lose muscle mass and function. This review examines recent (1997 - 2000) patents on novel therapies for muscular dystrophy and evaluates their potential for ameliorating muscle wasting and/or improving muscle function.  相似文献   

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OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess the utility of the gene expression profiling technique for the preclinical evaluation of drug efficacy and safety, taking a new therapeutic approach for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) as an example. METHODS: Muscles from dystrophin-deficient (mdx) mice, a well-characterized animal model for DMD, were injected with antisense constructs that restore the open reading frame in the Dmd gene. Synthetic antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) complexed with different carriers to enhance cellular uptake and recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-expressed antisense sequences were evaluated. Muscular gene expression profiles were analyzed on oligonucleotide microarrays. RESULTS: Polyethylenimine (PEI)-complexed AONs restored the reading frame slightly more effectively than uncomplexed, F127- or Optison-complexed AONs. However, PEI induced the expression of many immune genes, reflecting an aggravation of the inflammation present in untreated mdx mice. Expression profiles in Optison and F127-injected muscles were similar to those of saline treated muscles, implying that these carriers did not evoke adverse responses. Due to moderate levels of exon skipping, a significant shift toward wild-type expression levels was not detected. Injection with rAAV vectors resulted in much higher production of dystrophin and greatly improved the histological appearance of the muscle. Depending on the efficacy of the treatment, the expression of genes previously shown to be elevated in muscular dystrophies, partly or completely returned to wild-type expression levels. Reductions in inflammation and fibrosis were among the most prominent changes observed. CONCLUSION: Expression profiling is a powerful tool for the evaluation of both desired and adverse effects of new pharmacological therapies. It is sensitive and detects changes that are not histologically visible. In addition, its ability to simultaneously monitor a large number of different biological processes not only reduces the number of different assays required in preclinical research and clinical trials, but may also assist in the early detection of potential side effects.  相似文献   

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The specific targeting and inactivation of gene expression represents nowadays the goal of the mainstream basic and applied biomedical research. Both researchers and pharmaceutical companies, taking advantage of the vast amount of genomic data, have been focusing on effective endogenous mechanisms of the cell that can be used against abnormal gene expression. In this context, RNA represents a key molecule that serves both as tool and target for deploying molecular strategies based on the suppression of genes of interest. The main RNA-mediated therapeutic methodologies, deriving from studies on catalytic activity of ribozymes, blockage of mRNA translation and the recently identified RNA interference, will be discussed in an effort to understand the utilities of RNA as a central molecule during gene expression.  相似文献   

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The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is the first multicellular organism with a fully sequenced genome. As a model organism, C. elegans is playing a special role in functional genomic analyses because it is experimentally tractable on many levels. Moreover, the lessons learned from C. elegans are often applicable across phyla because many of the key biologic processes involved in development and disease have been well conserved. Many global approaches for analysing gene activity are being pursued in C. elegans. RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) is an efficient high-throughput method to disrupt gene function. The basic technique of RNAi involves introducing sequence-specific double-stranded RNA into C. elegans in order to generate a nonheritable, epigenetic knockout of gene function that phenocopies a null mutation in the targeted gene. This technique drastically reduces the time needed to jump from the identification of an interesting gene sequence to achieving an understanding of its function. Thus, RNAi facilitates the high-throughput functional analysis of gene targets identified during drug discovery. RNAi can also help to identify the biochemical mode of action of a drug or pesticide and to identify other genes encoding products that may respond or interact with specific compounds.  相似文献   

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Severe sepsis and septic shock is a common problem encountered in the critical care unit with an estimated incidence in the US of 750,000 cases/year and a mortality rate of 30 – 50%. Sepsis involves a complex interaction between bacterial factors and the host immune system producing a systemic inflammatory state that may progress to multiple organ failure and death. Endotoxin (a lipopolysaccharide) released from Gram-negative bacteria has been implicated as a potent, prototypical stimulus of the immune response to bacterial infection. Current antiendotoxin strategies utilise various approaches ranging from the prevention of binding to endotoxin receptors with antibodies (monoclonal or polyclonal) against endotoxin or endotoxin receptor/carrier molecules (antiCD14 or antilipopolysaccharide-binding protein antibodies), enhancing clearance or neutralisation (haemoperfusion, lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharide-neutralising proteins) or impairing cellular signalling (lipid A analogues, tyrosine kinase inhibitors). In the future, innovative therapies involving Toll-like receptors and their downstream signalling elements will be developed. This review discusses current knowledge regarding endotoxin signalling, antiendotoxin therapies currently under development, and future areas for research.  相似文献   

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Severe sepsis and septic shock is a common problem encountered in the critical care unit with an estimated incidence in the US of 750,000 cases/year and a mortality rate of 30-50%. Sepsis involves a complex interaction between bacterial factors and the host immune system producing a systemic inflammatory state that may progress to multiple organ failure and death. Endotoxin (a lipopolysaccharide) released from Gram-negative bacteria has been implicated as a potent, prototypical stimulus of the immune response to bacterial infection. Current antiendotoxin strategies utilise various approaches ranging from the prevention of binding to endotoxin receptors with antibodies (monoclonal or polyclonal) against endotoxin or endotoxin receptor/carrier molecules (antiCD14 or antilipopolysaccharide-binding protein antibodies), enhancing clearance or neutralisation (haemoperfusion, lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharide-neutralising proteins) or impairing cellular signalling (lipid A analogues, tyrosine kinase inhibitors). In the future, innovative therapies involving Toll-like receptors and their downstream signalling elements will be developed. This review discusses current knowledge regarding endotoxin signalling, antiendotoxin therapies currently under development, and future areas for research.  相似文献   

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Hormones, in particular androgen hormones, are the main cause of acne in men, women, children and adults, in both normal states and endocrine disorders. Therefore, the use of hormonal therapies in acne is rational in concept and gratifying in practice. Although non-hormonal therapies enjoy wide usage and continue to be developed, there is a solid place for hormonal approaches in women with acne, especially adult women with persistent acne. This review covers the physiological basis for hormonal influence in acne, the treatments that are in use today and those that show promise for the future. The main treatments to be discussed are oral contraceptives androgen receptor blockers like spironolactone and flutamide, inhibitors of the enzyme 5α-reductase and topical hormonal treatments.  相似文献   

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Lipid lowering is established as a proven intervention to reduce atherosclerosis and its complications. This article summarises novel developments in the lipid-altering therapies under development, including combination therapies, squalene synthase inhibitors, microsomal transfer protein inhibitors, acyl-cholesterol acyl transferase inhibitors, cholesterol ester transfer protein antagonists, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, high-density lipoprotein-derived peptides and inflammation inhibitors, which have at least reached trials in animal models. Lipid-altering drugs are likely to to be a fast-developing area for novel treatments as possible synergies exist between new and established compounds for the treatment of atherosclerosis. New agents will have to show significant advantage in tolerability or efficacy over existing agents and have the potential to be used in combination therapy as is well established for bile acid sequestrants, nicotinic acid or fibrates and statins. Any new drugs will also have to be assessed in clinical end-point trials against current compounds with proven outcome benefits.  相似文献   

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Hormones, in particular androgen hormones, are the main cause of acne in men, women, children and adults, in both normal states and endocrine disorders. Therefore, the use of hormonal therapies in acne is rational in concept and gratifying in practice. Although non-hormonal therapies enjoy wide usage and continue to be developed, there is a solid place for hormonal approaches in women with acne, especially adult women with persistent acne. This review covers the physiological basis for hormonal influence in acne, the treatments that are in use today and those that show promise for the future. The main treatments to be discussed are oral contraceptives androgen receptor blockers like spironolactone and flutamide, inhibitors of the enzyme 5 alpha-reductase and topical hormonal treatments.  相似文献   

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Lipid lowering is established as a proven intervention to reduce atherosclerosis and its complications. This article summarises novel developments in the lipid-altering therapies under development, including combination therapies, squalene synthase inhibitors, microsomal transfer protein inhibitors, acyl-cholesterol acyl transferase inhibitors, cholesterol ester transfer protein antagonists, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, high-density lipoprotein-derived peptides and inflammation inhibitors, which have at least reached trials in animal models. Lipid-altering drugs are likely to to be a fast-developing area for novel treatments as possible synergies exist between new and established compounds for the treatment of atherosclerosis. New agents will have to show significant advantage in tolerability or efficacy over existing agents and have the potential to be used in combination therapy as is well established for bile acid sequestrants, nicotinic acid or fibrates and statins. Any new drugs will also have to be assessed in clinical end-point trials against current compounds with proven outcome benefits.  相似文献   

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Oral contraceptives, androgenic agents, progestins and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues have all been successfully used in the treatment of endometriosis. However, none of these drugs can eradicate the disease. It is widely accepted that the growth of newly formed blood vessels is essential for the establishment and growth of endometriotic lesions; therefore, inhibition of angiogenesis may offer a new option for treatment of this disorder. In this paper, we reviewed anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents and other angiostatic drugs (i.e., TNP470, endostatin, anginex, rapamycin) that have been studied in laboratory and animal models of endometriosis. Although preliminary results are interesting, further investigations are required before clinical trials can be planned in humans.  相似文献   

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