应用显微外科技术修复小儿尿道下裂

目的探讨提高尿道下裂治愈率的有效措施。方法利用显微外科技术对本组64例尿道下裂患儿进行一期尿道修复。年龄7个月-14岁，平均5．6岁。阴茎头及冠状沟型16例，阴茎体型36例，阴囊会阴型12例。伴阴茎阴囊转位3例，隐睾4例6侧，鞘膜积液2例，斜疝2例。先期外院矫正下弯但未成形尿道1例，Duckett手术失败2例。据病情不同，分别选用不同的手术方法：阴茎头型用尿道口前移、阴茎头成形法（MAGPI术式）；冠状沟型或距冠状沟较近的阴茎体型用尿道口基底血管皮瓣法（Mathieu术式）；尿道口在阴茎体2／3以外段伴有阴茎轻度下弯或无下弯者用尿道板纵切卷管法或加盖岛状皮板法（Snodgrass术式或Onlay术式）；有严重阴茎下弯的所有阴茎体型选横裁或纵裁包皮岛状皮瓣尿道成形（Duckett术式或Hodgson术式）；阴囊型或会阴型用阴囊中缝皮管加横裁包皮岛状皮瓣成形尿道（Duplay联合Duckett术式）。对20例再次手术者或包皮材料不理想、重度尿道下裂者手术结束前行膀胱穿刺造瘘。结果手术治愈57例，治愈率89．1％（57／64）。手术时间90-180min，平均120min。术中出血量〈15ml。并发尿道瘘3例，尿道狭窄4例，无尿道憩室发生。54例获得随访2-36个月，平均19个月，均符合尿道下裂治愈标准。结论应用显微外科技术，合理选用手术方法，重视术中技巧，能明显提高手术成功率，而且手术年龄可提早到婴幼儿。     

带蒂包皮双面皮瓣治疗小儿尿道下裂

目的 探讨带蒂包皮双面皮瓣尿道成形术(PPDIF)治疗小儿尿道下裂的适用范围和疗效.方法 尿道下裂患儿99例.年龄4个月～12岁,平均5.1岁.按Barcat分型:阴茎体型56例、阴茎阴囊型24例、阴囊型13例、会阴型6例.在Duckett术基础上,保留部分包皮外板皮肤连同成形尿道转移至腹侧,覆盖新生尿道. 结果 99例随访2年.术后发生尿瘘8例(8.1%)、尿道狭窄1例(1.0%)、皮瓣坏死1例(1.0%).手术总成功率89.9%(89/99).其中单纯应用PPDIF修复阴茎体型或阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂成功率91.2%(73/80),联合尿道口周围皮瓣(Duplay)术修复阴囊型或会阴型尿道下裂为84.2%(16/19). 结论 PPDIF适用于大多数小儿尿道下裂的治疗,术后外形美观.重度尿道下裂患儿联合Duplay矫正疗效肯定.     

不同术式一期正位开口修复先天性尿道下裂：附114例报告

总结１１４例不同手术方式一期修复各种类型尿道下裂的经验。本组中阴茎型３０例，阴茎阴囊型６３例，会阴型２１例。阴茎型尿道下裂宜采用包皮内板转移皮瓣尿道成形术。阴囊型根据缺损尿道长短采用阴囊纵带蒂皮瓣术或包皮内板阴囊纵隔联合皮瓣尿道成形术。会阴型采用包皮内板阴囊纵隔联合皮瓣术或膀胱粘膜尿道造成形术本组一期手术的成功率为８４．８％。     

Duckett术式一期治疗尿道下裂的临床研究

目的:探讨横裁包皮带蒂岛状皮瓣尿道成形术(Duckett术)一期治疗尿道下裂的临床效果。方法:回顾性研究我科2003年～2007年采用Duckett术式一期修复尿道下裂患者20例,年龄2～22岁,平均11.3岁,其中阴茎体型3例,阴茎阴囊型17例;另外收集同期行膀胱粘膜代尿道术尿道下裂30例,年龄7～34岁,平均16.1岁,其中阴茎体型10例,阴茎阴囊型16例,会阴型2例,阴囊型2例。膀胱粘膜术全部行膀胱造瘘及留置尿道支架管,Duckett术仅留置尿道支架管。结果:Duckett术:1次手术成功17例(85%),术后尿瘘2例(10%),尿道狭窄1例(5%),2例尿瘘术后6个月修补成功,人均手术次数为1.1次;膀胱粘膜代尿道术:手术均分二期完成,手术成功26例(86.7%),术后尿瘘3例(10%),尿道狭窄1例(3.3%),再次手术修补瘘口治愈,人均手术次数为2.1次。2例尿道狭窄行尿道扩张后基本痊愈。结论:Duckett术一期修复尿道下裂效果良好,手术成功率与其他术式相近、术后并发症低,与膀胱粘膜尿道成形术相比,术后阴茎外观更满意,主要优点是一次完成手术。     

尿道下裂的术式选择-会阴型和阴茎阴囊型

目的 总结会阴型尿道下裂和阴茎包皮岛状皮瓣一期修复阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂的最佳术式.方法 将2000年1月至2015年1月本院收治的38例尿道下裂患儿,其中阴茎阴囊型25例、会阴型13例,按照尿道下裂的不同类型进行阴茎包皮岛状皮瓣设计、移位和尿道成形修复手术.阴茎包皮岛状最长7.5cm,宽1.5～1.8cm.结果 术后11例发生尿瘘,其中会阴型5例,阴茎阴囊型6例,经修补后痊愈.本组患者术后阴茎外形正常,无扭曲或臃肿、尿道开口达到正常解剖部位,均能正常排尿或有很大改善接近正常.结论 阴茎包皮岛状皮瓣一期修复阴茎阴囊型和会阴型尿道下裂是一种较为安全有效的手术方法.     

包皮带蒂岛状皮瓣(Duckett)治疗小儿尿道下裂手术并发症的预防及处理

<正>先天性尿道下裂术式较多,对于阴茎下弯较重,需要行尿道板切断矫治成形的尿道下裂,常需用包皮带蒂岛状皮瓣(即Duckett术式)矫治此类型的尿道下裂。但Duckett术式操作复杂,手术技术要求高,并发症较多,其中以尿瘘、尿道狭窄、憩室最为常见。因此,预防此类并发症,提高Duckett术式手术     

尿道下裂手术术式的选择(附93例报告)

目的 对尿道下裂进行回顾性研究.方法 2003年5月至2008年9月收治93例确诊尿道下裂患者,根据不同类型分别采用尿道口前移、阴茎头成形法(MAGPI术式)、尿道板纵切卷管法或加盖岛状皮板法(Snodgrass术或Onlay术)、横裁或纵裁包皮岛状皮瓣尿道成形(Duckett术)、阴囊中缝皮管加横裁包皮岛状皮瓣成形尿道(Duplay联合Duckett术)、弧形带蒂阴茎阴囊联合皮瓣尿道成形术治疗不同类型的尿道下裂.结果 治愈82例,并发尿道瘘6例,尿道狭窄5例,治愈率为88.2%(82/93).81例获随访,平均随访时间23.5个月(1～42个月),随访期间患儿排尿正常.结论 尿道下裂术式的选择并无统一标准,应根据术者的经验及患者情况来选择,细心周到的术后护理能降低并发症的发生..     

应用显微外科技术修复尿道下裂

目的报道应用显微外科技术转移纵行带蒂阴茎背皮瓣及包皮内外板联合皮瓣一期修复尿道下裂的临床效果。方法根据阴茎背侧皮肤及包皮内外板的共同血供和解剖关系设计纵行联合带蒂矩形皮瓣。应用显微外科技术游离出血管蒂，并将皮瓣转移至阴茎腹侧与原尿道作显微吻合成新尿道修复尿道下裂21例。结果术后20例效果满意，阴茎外形良好，排尿功能正常，无并发症。1例发生术后尿瘘，经修补后治愈。远期效果均满意。结论应用显微外科技术转移纵行带蒂阴茎皮瓣及包皮内外板联合皮瓣是一期修复尿道下裂的有效方法之一。     

未行尿液转流一期修复中段型和后型尿道下裂

目的评价未行尿液转流一期修复中段型和后型尿道下裂的效果,总结手术经验。方法166例中段型和后型尿道下裂患者,其中阴茎型94例,阴茎阴囊型59例,阴囊型13例,平均尿道缺损长度(4.49±1.93)cm。166例患者运用不同术式一期修复尿道下裂,其中横行带蒂包皮瓣法(Duckett术)79例,阴囊纵隔皮瓣法83例,原位阴囊皮管加横行带蒂包皮瓣法(Duckett+Duplay术)4例,所有患者均未行尿液转流。结果166例患者术后随访2~17个月,平均9.1个月。其中,治愈142例(85.5%),术后发生尿瘘15例(9.0%),尿道狭窄5例(3.0%),尿道憩室1例(0.6%),尿道毛石形成2例(1.2%),阴茎残余轻度下曲畸形1例(0.6%)。结论未行尿液转流一期修复型尿道下裂的效果良好,并发症发生率低,可运用于中段型和后型尿道下裂。     

尿道、阴茎

复发性尿道狭窄伴假道的分类与处理；膀胱镜下尿道会师术治疗球部尿道损伤；8例骑跨伤致球部尿道断裂急诊手术治疗体会；Duckett术治疗尿道下裂17例疗效观察；保留尿道板的尿道下裂Ⅰ期成形术（附46例报告）；尿道下裂患者手术前后的尿道细菌分布；三角帆状阴茎皮瓣覆盖在尿道下裂修复术中的应用；斜行包皮岛状皮瓣尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂；纵行岛状包皮瓣尿道成形术矫正先天性短尿道畸形     

横向带蒂包皮皮管(Duckett术式)修补尿道下裂356例

目的:评价带蒂包皮皮管(Duckett术式)修补尿道下裂的疗效。方法:1995年3月至2010年12月共施行带蒂包皮皮管(Duckett术式)修复尿道下裂356例,其中年龄小于14岁的患儿324例(91.0%),修补尿道长度最长10 cm,最短1.5 cm。结果:发生尿道瘘共30例(8.4%),外口狭窄1例,吻合口狭窄1例,比较不同年龄段和不同时期手术并发症发生率无显著性差异(P>0.05),总成功率91.0%。结论:Duckett术式应是Ⅰ期治疗尿道下裂的首选方法,尤其适用于阴茎下屈需要横断并切除尿道板的患儿。     

Hypospadias repair by skin flaps: a comparison of onlay preputial island flaps with either Mathieu's meatal-based or Duckett's tubularized preputial flaps.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the success of different skin flaps in the one-stage correction of primary hypospadias, with particular emphasis on comparing onlay preputial island flaps with Mathieu's meatal-based and Duckett's preputial tubularized flaps. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During a 12-year period, 418 patients underwent single-stage primary hypospadias repair using skin flaps, carried out by one surgeon. The surgical techniques used included Mathieu's repair in 216 (52%), Duckett's in 148 (35%), onlay preputial flaps in 42 (10%) and the Mustarde flap procedure in 12 (3%). The surgical results were reviewed, assessing complications and the functional and cosmetic outcome. RESULTS: At a mean follow-up of 23 months the initial overall complication rate for flap procedures was 22%; however, after a mean of 1.4 procedures, the final success rate was 95%. The complication rate was significantly (P<0.05) higher in patients with a proximal urethral meatus, with severe chordee or in repairs involving transection of the urethral plate. However, the complication rates were not significantly different when the patients underwent repair when aged <2 years or >2 years. Despite no significant difference in overall complication rates, onlay procedures tended to be used in more severe hypospadias than was Mathieu's repair. Duckett's repair caused a significantly higher overall complication rate as fistulae, strictures, meatal stenoses and tubular abnormalities than did onlay procedures. The use of double-faced preputial island flaps resulted in an inferior cosmetic appearance than the use of single-faced flaps, but the overall complication rates did not differ significantly between these techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Hypospadias repair using skin flaps offered a reliable and durable outcome. However, complication rates were greater in patients with severe hypospadias and with techniques requiring transection of the urethral plate. The onlay preputial island-flap technique was more widely applicable than was Mathieu's repair and had a lower complication rate than Duckett's procedure.     

微创钨针在横形包皮岛状皮瓣法尿道下裂一期修复术中的应用

目的 总结微创钨针在横形包皮岛状皮瓣管状尿道成形法尿道下裂一期修复术的应用方法及术后效果。方法 我科2013年5月至2019年10月收治的其中226例尿道下裂患者,年龄6月~26岁（平均3.8岁）,其中阴茎体型119例,阴茎阴囊型83例,阴囊型及会阴型24例。术中应用微创钨针进行阴茎矫直、阴茎包皮脱套、横形包皮岛状皮瓣的切取及解剖等操作,将成形的横形包皮岛状皮瓣缝合成管状尿道,对各型尿道下裂进行一期尿道重建术。结果 术后7~8天拔除硅胶尿管排尿后,共发现12例伤口愈合不良、尿外渗及尿瘘形成。全部病例随访3月~2年,共发现尿瘘及尿道部分裂开24例,尿道外口狭窄2例,尿道（吻合口）狭窄3例,尿道憩室1例,阴茎下弯复发2例,总的并发症发生率为32/226（14.2%）。结论 在尿道下裂一期修复手术中,合理应用微创钨针的电切及电凝功能的优势特点,可精细分离解剖横形包皮岛状皮瓣,可安全有效获取尿道再造所需要的血运良好的包皮瓣等组织,有利于提高手术效率、减轻组织的损伤,可促进组织愈合、降低术后并发症。     

纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣治疗尿道下裂44例报告

目的:总结近4年来应用纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣一期尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂的临床经验,并评价其疗效.方法:本组44例患者中,阴茎型尿道下裂34例,阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂10例.均采用纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣一期尿道成形术,平均重建尿道长度2.8 cm.结果:一期手术成功率90.9%(40/44例),尿瘘9.1%(4/44例).所有患者术后1个月复查1次,随访3个月以上,阴茎外观及排尿均良好.结论:纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣一期尿道成形术对伴有阴茎下曲、尿道板发育不好的阴茎型及阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂患者治疗效果良好,并发症少.     

Application of dorsal preputial island flap in meatoplasty

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Meatal stenosis usually presents in adults with a history of urethral trauma or inflammation or as a complication after hypospadias repair. The objective of this study is to present the correction of meatal stenosis using a preputial island flap, created on the dorsal surface of the penis. METHODS: During the last 3 years 12 patients were subjected to meatoplasty using a preputial flap. A meatotomy was performed and a preputial island flap was raised on the dorsal surface of the penis, that was brought to the ventral surface and anastomosed to the opened fossa navicularis. RESULTS: Mean follow-up is 22.3 (range 6-40) months and urethral meatus remains normal with good caliber in routine examination mainly with dilators and uroflowmetry. CONCLUSIONS: The described method was based on the on-lay preputial island flap procedure (Duckett's method) for correction of anterior hypospadias. The cosmetic result is excellent and normal penile morphology and function are well preserved.     

加盖与管形包皮岛状皮瓣法在尿道下裂治疗中的应用

目的评价加盖包皮岛状皮瓣法（Onlay island flap法）与管形包皮岛状皮瓣法（Tubularized island flap法）手术治疗尿道下裂的适应证及疗效.方法总结分析166例尿道下裂修复手术及术后并发症.患儿年龄1～15岁,平均5.1岁.冠状沟型及阴茎体前型尿道下裂36例,阴茎体型81例,阴茎根型36例,阴囊及会阴型13例,其中外院行阴茎下弯矫正术后11例.合并阴茎下弯139例,轻度43例,中度43例,重度53例.采用加盖包皮岛状皮瓣法79例,管形包皮岛状皮瓣法87例.结果 166例手术成功率为90.4%.166例随访2年均未发生尿道狭窄、尿道憩室、阴茎皮肤坏死等合并症.加盖包皮岛状皮瓣法术后发生尿瘘4例（5.1%）,阴茎下弯复发7例（8.9%）,手术成功率为86.1%.管形包皮岛状皮瓣法术后发生尿瘘4例（4.6%）,阴茎下弯复发1例（1.1%）,手术成功率为94.2%.2种术式尿瘘发生率比较,差异无统计学意义;而阴茎下弯复发率比较,差异有统计学意义.结论加盖包皮岛状皮瓣法适用于尿道板发育好的阴茎体及阴茎根型病例,管形包皮岛状皮瓣适用于尿道口位于冠状沟至会阴合并重度阴茎下弯的各型尿道下裂.     

Folding and everting distal end of graft flap to reduce orifice stenosis following onlay urethroplasty

Aim: Orifice stenosis remained to be a common complication of hypospadias repair. We had modified the preputial island flap urethroplasty by folding and everting the distal end of the pedicle graft flap to prevent the neo-orifice from stenosis. Methods: Sixteen patients had undergone hypospadias repair using a modified onlay island flap technique. A urethral catheter was retained for 8 days to 10 days after operation. Results: Satisfactory results were seen in all the patients with a cosmetically fine appearance. One patient had a urinary tract infection and another,urethrocutaneous fistula and both were amply treated. No glanular adhesion or stenosis occurred. A long-term follow up of 6 months to 4 years (mean: 2 years) in 15 patients did not find any complication. Conclusion: The modified preputial island flap urethroplasty technique is an easy, reliable and effective approach to reduce orifice stenosis in hypospadias repair. ( Asian J Androl 2003 Jun; 5:159-161 )