提高小儿肠套叠空气灌肠整复成功率及预防并发症的探讨

目的:提高小儿急性肠套叠空气灌肠整复成功率及预防并发症。方法:对268例临床诊断为急性肠套叠患儿进行空气灌肠整复。结果:空气灌肠整复成功252例(94%),其中24例经2次整复成功,2例在术前麻醉后第三次整复成功,失败16例。结论:空气灌肠是诊断与治疗小儿肠套叠的最好方法,不仅能有效地提高整复成功率,还能避免并发症的发生。     

小儿肠套叠空气灌肠诊疗体会

目的：小儿肠套叠空气灌肠诊疗的体会和应用价值。方法：2000年1月-2005年12月本院对126例临床诊断肠套叠的患儿进行空气灌肠诊断与整复，整复未成功者行外科手术。结果：空气灌肠整复成功112例，整复成功率88．9％，其中14例复位失败后改行手术治疗。结论：小儿急性肠套叠只要符合适应症并无其他并发症；空气灌肠为小儿急性肠套叠首选且经济的治疗方法。     

小儿肠套叠钡灌肠X线表现及在整复中的体会

目的：探讨小儿肠套叠钡剂灌肠X线表现与整复的关系，认为钡剂灌肠与空气灌肠整复同样具有高安全性、高整复率的优点，对未整复成功的病例进行了临床分析。材料与方法：总结了2003年1月至2005年11月，经钡剂灌肠确诊的小儿肠套叠46例，年龄3个月至3岁，以6个月至1岁患儿多发，发病时间8h至4d，主要临床表现：患儿哭闹不安，呕吐，血便，腹部可触及包块；全部病例在灌肠前做了腹透，发现有肠梗阻征象就摄片；用日立XF130型800mA胃肠X线机，容量300ml至400ml带气囊灌肠器，灌肠压7KPa至14KPa（52．5mmHg至105mmHg）进行灌肠。结果：钡剂灌肠X线片上1．梗阻端为“杯口”状改变，本文43例，其中41例整复成功，整复率89．1％；尚有2例，因发病时间长3d至4d，精神差，疑有肠坏死，未整复。2、梗阻端为“分叶”状及“弹簧”状改变，本文分别为1例和2例，整复失败；在整复过程中均无一例肠破裂穿孔。结论：通过对41例整复成功和5例整复失败小儿肠套叠的钡剂灌肠，结合有关资料表明，只要患儿，1、发病时间短48h内，体质好；2．无复杂性套入；3、无合并器质性病变；无论是钡剂灌肠还是空气灌肠均能达到安全性高、整复率高的目的。     

婴幼儿急性肠套叠的临床与影像学分析(附58例报告)

目的　探讨婴幼儿急性肠套叠的影像学表现及临床意义。方法　总结经手术证实的 58例婴幼儿急性肠套叠,分析腹部立位片和空气灌肠的X线改变及CT、超声的影像学表现。结果　(1)手术 58例肠套叠中回结型,回盲型 33例,回回结型,回盲结型,回结结型 25例。病理及手术证实肠套叠合并肠坏死 23例。(2)主要影像学表现:小肠结肠气体减少 12例,肠胀气和不全性肠梗阻 18例,小肠梗阻 17例,腹部立位无明显异常 8例。空气灌肠显示套头呈杯口状,分叶状包块影 28例。超声显示靶环征 3例,CT显示分层状同心圆形肿块 1例。结论　婴幼儿急性肠套叠影像学表现典型,对于诊断十分重要。     

空气灌肠整复小儿肠套叠的体会——附三例空气灌肠整复中肠穿孔病例报告

空气灌肠不仅对小儿肠套叠具有可靠的诊断价值,而且是整复小儿肠套叠的重要方法之一。近年来我们对120例小儿肠套叠应用空气灌肠整复,其整复率达80%以上。我们认为这种方法操作简便,费用     

29例小儿急性肠套叠空气灌肠整复治疗分析

目的：探讨婴幼儿肠套叠空气灌肠整复的疗效。方法：29例肠套叠患儿，在X线透视机下，用CTB201型自动遥控灌肠器行空气灌肠（压力8.0-16.0KPa）进行整复术。结果：29例患者行空气灌肠后均明确诊断，其中20例为回一结肠型肠套叠，5例为结-结肠型，4例为回-回结肠型。结论：空气灌肠是治疗小儿肠套叠首选的安全、方便的方法。灌肠前注射解痉药物效果更佳。     

山莨菪碱在小儿肠套叠空气整复中的应用

目的 探讨山莨菪碱在小儿肠套叠空气整复中的作用。方法 常规空气灌肠不能整复的患儿550例，经肌注山莨菪碱5mg，20～30min后再行试灌。结果 468例整复成功，82例未成功，其中2例穿孔，行手术治疗。结论 空气整复小儿肠套叠应用山莨菪碱是一种简易有效的方法，值得推荐。     

针灸配合空气灌肠整复小儿肠套叠的研究

目的:探讨针灸配合空气灌肠在整复小儿肠套叠中的价值。方法:取足三里、合谷、天枢、中脘、关元等穴位,毫针直刺,深度0.5-1寸,用泻法,配合空气灌肠治疗小儿肠套叠。结果:32例肠套叠针灸配合空气灌肠复位成功31例,占96.8％。结论:针灸结合空气灌肠提高了肠套叠的整复率,是小儿肠套叠诊断、治疗的首选方法。     

空气压力灌肠整复小儿肠套叠（附286例分析）

小儿肠套叠是小儿常见急腹症之一,空气压力灌肠整复为首选治疗方法.影响肠套叠整复成功的因素有病程长短、肠套叠部位及其程度、患儿的全身情况、注气压力选择等[1].本研究回顾性分析了215例空气压力灌肠整复中采用间歇注气法辅以手法按摩整复的价值与71例采用一般注气法整复的比较及208例使用男性成人导尿管代替双腔气囊管(Foley管)与整复成功率的关系.     

小儿肠套叠的影像学分析

目的 探讨临床影像学诊断方法在婴幼儿肠套叠的应用价值.方法 对临床50例肠套叠患儿行超声及空气灌肠X射线检查.结果 婴幼儿肠套叠临床表现为腹痛、哭闹、呕吐、果酱样血便和腹部包块等.腹部超声检查显示腹腔内"同心圆征"、"套筒征",空气灌肠X射线检查具有诊断和治疗双重功效.结论 临床可疑为肠套叠者宜先行超声筛查,空气灌肠X射线检查整复效果显著.     

B超在小儿肠套叠的诊断和治疗中的作用

目的 探讨超声在诊断小儿肠套叠中的价值及对小儿肠套叠的治疗作用.方法 分析我院行超声及X线平片检查并经手术或灌肠确诊的肠套叠患儿87例,以及均行超声及X线检查其他原因的腹痛患儿40例,分别计算B超和X线检查的特异度和灵敏度,分析其报告结果;并采用卡方检验比较超声监视下生理盐水灌肠复位和行X线监视下空气灌肠复的治疗效果.结果 B超检查在灵敏度(96.5%)和特异度(83.3%)方面均高于X线检查(灵敏度73.17%,特异度77.8%);在B超监视下行生理盐水灌肠复位和行X线监视下空气灌肠复位的比较结果显示χ2=0.116,P＞0.05,二者无统计学差异.结论 超声不仅可作为诊断肠套叠的方法,而且可在实时超声图像的监视下进行复位.     

Validity of plain films in intussusception

The aim of this study was to re-evaluate the specificity of plain film findings in intussusception. The plain film findings in 80 cases of proven intussusception were reviewed. Findings documented were: (1) presence or absence of small bowel obstruction, (2) paucity of right lower quadrant gas, (3) presence of an intracolonic mass, (4) presence of a rim or target sign, and (5) presence of the classic triad of intestinal obstruction, intracolonic mass, and paucity of right lower quadrant gas. Intestinal obstruction was present in 54% of patients. In 19 patients (24%) the abdominal films were completely normal. Paucity of right lower quadrant gas was seen in 10% of patients, while specific findings of a mass or a target (rim) sign were seen in 29% of patients. The classic triad of an intracolonic mass, obstruction, and paucity of gas in the right lower quadrant occurred in only 1 patient (1%). Plain films of the abdomen were diagnostic of intussusception in only 29% of cases. A completely normal gas pattern was seen in one-quarter of our patients. This being the case, most patients with suspected intussusception will require further imaging, either by ultrasound or contrast enema. In our institution we favor the ultrasound study.     

Recurrent ileocolic intussusception with appendiceal lead point in a 2-year-old child: an etiology to be aware of on ultrasound

Ileocolic intussusception is a differential consideration in young pediatric patients presenting with acute abdominal pain. Appendiceal intussusception is an uncommon variant of ileocolic intussusception where the appendix is contained within the intussusception, which can be challenging to diagnose preoperatively. In this case report, we present a 25-month-old female presenting with intermittent, diffuse abdominal pain. Initial ultrasound evaluation demonstrated ileocolic intussusception, which was successfully reduced by air enema. The patient experienced recurrent symptoms and had several recurrent episodes of ileocolic intussusception with the appendix contained within the intussusceptum. After the fifth recurrence, the patient underwent surgical intervention. The inflamed appendix was discovered to be inverted within the cecum, resulting in a lead point for intussusception of the terminal ileum. The patient underwent laparoscopic reduction of the ileocolic intussusception and appendectomy. Few cases of appendiceal and concurrent ileocolic intussusception are described in the literature. It is important that radiologists and surgeons be aware of this entity when evaluating pediatric ileocolic intussusception, particularly at the time of ultrasound and air enema, in order to ensure appropriate management and prevent complications.     

小儿肠套叠空气灌肠整复围灌肠期护理的临床应用研究

目的评价围灌肠期精心护理在小儿肠套叠成功实施空气灌肠整复中的临床意义。方法总结分析我院2008年1月至2010年5月经超声确诊为急性肠套叠的130例患儿(男83例,女47例;年龄2个月～11岁,中位年龄2岁)的临床资料。所有患儿均经透视实时监视(n=95)和超声实时监视(n=35)下空气灌肠。常规清洁灌肠,灌肠前及灌肠过程中注意观察患儿排便颜色及临床表现,并将观察情况及时报告经治医师。肠套叠整复后,维持肠管内气压10～15 min,肌肉注射山莨菪碱(0.2 mg/kg体重)。结果由于采取了适时有效的护理措施,130例患儿中127例的肠套叠得到整复,其成功率为97.69%。未发生与空气灌肠操作相关的并发症和复发的肠套叠。结论精心做好围灌肠期护理工作,是保证患儿安全和提高灌肠整复成功率的关键性因素。     

The value of ultrasound in children with suspected intussusception

The purpose of this study was to verify the reliability of ultrasound for the diagnosis and exclusion of intussusception and to assess the usefulness of various clinical and imaging findings for determining when ultrasound should be used as a diagnostic screen. We reviewed the medical records and radiologic examinations of 151 pediatric patients referred for possible intussusception. Clinical, radiographic, and ultrasound findings were compared in children with and without intussusception and correlated with diagnosis and reducibility of intussusception. The patients were placed in risk groups on the basis of certain combinations of clinical or radiographic findings. These groups were used to test alterations of the types of radiologic studies performed if high-risk patients were to undergo enema procedure only, without preliminary ultrasound. Intussusception was present in 49 patients (32.5%) and absent in 102 patients (67.5%). Symptoms and physical findings such as abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloody stools were common in both groups. Empty right lower quadrant and palpable mass were strongly associated with intussusception Omitting a screening ultrasound in high-risk patients decreased the number of patients who underwent both ultrasound and enema examinations, but the number of unnecessary enemas increased with all risk factors used. Palpable mass as a risk factor allowed reduction of double studies with the least increase in unnecessary enemas. Ultrasound provided supportive evidence findings in intussusception such as intussusceptum thickness greater than 10 mm or a large amount of trapped fluid indicate poor reducibility, and thinner, more echogenic outer rings with no trapped lymph nodes suggest the possibility of spontaneous resolution. Our findings support the use of ultrasound as a screening examination for children with possible intussusception in all cases, except those with high-risk factors such as a palpable abdominal mass.     

Intussusception: the use of delayed, repeated reduction attempts and the management of intussusceptions due to pathologic lead points in pediatric patients

OBJECTIVE: The nonoperative management of intussusception continues to evolve and is the subject of ongoing debate. Our purpose was to assess our current enema reduction rate and to focus on two specific issues that have received little attention in the literature: first, the value and safety of using delayed, repeated reduction attempts and, second, the management of intussusceptions due to lead points. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of all intussusception cases seen at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada, a tertiary pediatric hospital, from May 1999 to December 2002. RESULTS: There were 163 children with a total of 219 intussusceptions. Enema reduction was attempted in 211 (96%). Reduction rate with air enema was 90.2%. Delayed reduction attempts were used in 25 patients (15.3%) in 26 intussusceptions (12.3%) and were successful in 50% of the cases. Lead points were documented in 13 children (8%); sonography depicted the lead points in seven (53.8%) of the 13. The reduction rate of intussusceptions due to lead points was 63.6% (14/22). CONCLUSION: Air enema associated with the use of delayed, repeated reduction attempts is a safe and effective approach for intussusception reduction with a high success rate. Delayed, repeated reduction attempts should be considered when the initial attempt manages to move the intussusceptum and the patient remains clinically stable. The management of intussusceptions due to lead points remains a challenge. Sonography does not depict all lead points, and the indication for other imaging studies should be tailored according to each particular patient. We recommend attempted enema reduction in all patients with lead points.     

Intussusception in children: US-guided pneumatic reduction--initial experience

PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of ultrasonography (US)-guided pneumatic reduction of intussusception in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 49 consecutive patients (aged 2 months to 7 years; 36 boys, 13 girls) who underwent 52 reductions of intussusception during 9 months. Intussusception was diagnosed in all patients with the known US criteria, and all patients underwent a US-guided pneumatic reduction attempt wholly within the US examination room. A pressure of 60 mm Hg was maintained for 30 seconds, with US guidance. The procedure was considered to be successful when US showed the disappearance of the intussusceptum and the edematous terminal ileum with an abrupt transition into the normal proximal ileum. When the intussusception was not reduced, the procedure was repeated, with pressure increased to 120 mm Hg. RESULTS: The overall success rate of US-guided pneumatic reduction was 92% (48 of 52 reductions), with no immediate recurrence. Of the two patients who had intussusceptions that were irreducible, one had residual ileoileal intussusception at surgery, and the other had an ileal polyp as a lead point. Perforation occurred in two (4%) of 52 cases; one patient underwent right hemicolectomy due to bowel necrosis and had a pinpoint perforation in the normal proximal transverse colon, and the other underwent manual reduction of ileoileocolic intussusception, with microperforation in the proximal transverse colon. CONCLUSION: US-guided pneumatic reduction seems to be a feasible and effective method for the treatment of intussusception in children because of its radiation-sparing effect and high success rate.     

Colo-colonic intussusception caused by a solitary Peutz-Jeghers polyp

A case of acute large bowel obstruction by colo-colonic intussusception in a healthy 19-year-old man is presented. The lead point of the intussusception is a rare solitary colonic Peutz-Jeghers polyp in the descending colon of a man without the full Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. The clinical presentation, imaging findings on plain radiographs, single contrast enema and CT, and findings at colonoscopy and surgery are correlated with pathology results and a brief review of the literature.     

Intussusception in children: plain abdominal radiograph and reduction by barium enema in relation to clinical features

A retrospective study of 98 patients representing 104 instances of intussusception is reviewed. Criteria for inclusion in the study were: the patients primary admitted to the department of diagnostic radiology, plain abdominal radiographs performed prior to barium enema (BE) and/or surgery and diagnosis confirmed by BE or surgery. A success rate of BE reduction of 58.6% was achieved. The clinical features are described and the value of plain abdominal radiograph in ruling out the diagnosis of intussusception is discussed.