腰椎峡部裂患者37例手术疗效分析

目的观察椎弓根钉-椎板钩系统治疗腰椎弓峡部裂的临床疗效。方法对37例腰椎峡部裂的患者应用椎弓根钉-椎板钩系统行峡部断端间植骨内固定。结果全部病例均获随访,平均随访时间9个月,术前日本整形外科学会(JOA)评分平均为(19.08±2.54)分,末次随访时平均(27.05±1.73)分。所有患者术后峡部裂植骨均骨性融合,内固定无松动、脱落。结论椎弓根钉-椎板钩系统是一种节段性内固定治疗腰椎峡部裂的有效方法,简单易行,尤其适用于年轻且无明显椎体滑脱和椎间盘突出的峡部裂患者。     

短节段椎弓根钉内固定加后路植骨治疗峡部裂腰椎滑脱疗效观察

目的探讨短节段椎弓根钉（RFⅡ）内固定加后路植骨治疗峡部裂腰椎滑的手术效果。方法对26例峡部裂腰椎滑脱行RFⅡ复位内固定后行椎管、神经根管减压，椎体间植骨，其中7例加横突间植骨融合。结果本组患者随访11月至3年，平均17个月，根据macnab疗效评价，优良率88．4％。结论RFⅡ内固定、后路减压、行椎体间植骨或加横突间植骨治疗峡部裂腰椎滑脱效果好。     

后路椎弓根钉固定联合椎间植骨融合治疗腰椎滑脱症

目的 评价后路椎弓根钉固定联合椎间植骨融合治疗腰椎滑脱症的临床治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析2006年10月至2009年10月收治的40例经后路椎弓根钉固定联合椎间植骨融合治疗腰椎滑脱症患者的临床资料.其中男22例,女18例;年龄38 ～ 75岁.滑脱部位:L4-5 28例,L5～S112例.根据Meyerding滑脱程度分级标准,Ⅰ度滑脱20例,Ⅱ度滑脱18例,Ⅲ度滑脱2例;峡部裂型滑脱15例,退行性滑脱25例.所有患者均采用后路减压、椎弓根螺钉系统固定联合椎间植骨融合术.结果 所有患者均得到随访,随访6～18个月,平均10.7个月.患者术后4～10个月植骨均融合,平均6.5个月.无1例发生内固定器械松动、断裂.末次随访时根据日本骨科学会(JOA)评分标准:治疗后12例评分改善率为93.8％,15例为87.5％,8例为81.3％,5例为75.0％,平均改善率为86.6％,均达显效.结论 后路椎弓根钉固定联合椎间植骨融合是治疗腰椎滑脱症的理想、有效的方法.     

椎间植骨cage联合椎弓根钉内固定治疗腰椎滑脱症58例分析

目的 探讨后路椎间植骨cage联合椎弓根钉内固定治疗腰椎滑脱症的疗效分析.方法 选取2007-01-2011-03在广西百色市人民医院住院的58例椎滑脱患者,采用椎间植骨cage植入联合椎弓根钉内固定治疗.随访10～36个月,平均24个月.结果 优41例,良13例,可4例,优良率93.1％.结论 充分减压后椎弓根钉复位内固定和椎间植骨cage植入术治疗腰椎滑脱症复位效果好,融合率高.     

伤椎植骨椎体成形结合椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折26例分析

目的探讨伤椎植骨椎体成形结合椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的疗效。方法 2006-10-2009-04采用后路椎弓根系统撑开复位内固定结合经伤椎椎弓根植骨椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折26例。结果平均随访16个月,伤椎椎体高度丢失平均1.5 mm,无后凸畸形发生,无断钉、断棒、松动等现象,无植骨不融合、骨吸收、椎体塌陷等情况。结论伤椎植骨椎体成形结合椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

腰椎峡部裂性滑脱合并下位椎峡部裂的治疗

目的探讨腰椎峡部裂性滑脱合并下位椎峡部裂患者的治疗。方法回顾性分析2006年8月至2010年8月收治的腰椎峡部裂性滑脱合并下位椎峡部裂的15例患者,行脊柱后路滑脱椎体复位、椎板切开减压、椎体间植骨融合、椎弓根螺钉系统内固定术治疗。结果 15例滑脱椎体获得良好复位,术后13例患者得到6～25个月随访,全部患者腰背疼痛及神经根性症状改善,无神经功能障碍存在。结论腰椎峡部裂性滑脱合并下位椎峡部裂病例少见,临床上易遗漏下位峡部裂的诊断及治疗,手术治疗需同时固定融合下位峡部断裂的椎体,防止术后再次滑脱。     

脊柱滑脱复位系统固定治疗低度峡部裂性腰椎滑脱症的初步观察

目的：总结应用脊柱滑脱复位系统复位固定结合后路椎间植骨或横突间植骨治疗低度峡部裂性腰椎滑脱症的效果。方法：对23例峡部裂性腰椎滑脱患者行手术治疗，其中L4滑脱12例，L5滑脱11例，Ⅰ度滑脱9例，Ⅱ度滑脱14例。均伴有神经症状，经严格保守治疗无效。采用椎板切除、神经根管减压、脊柱滑脱复位系统固定、结合后路椎间植骨17例，横突间植骨5例。结果：16例滑脱得到完全复位，7例不完全复位。平均随访18．5个月，优20例，良2例，可1例。优良率95．7％。植骨全部融合，没有椎弓根螺钉松动、断裂情况。结论：采用充分减压、脊柱滑脱复位系统内固定，结合椎间或横突间植骨，治疗低度峡部裂性腰椎滑脱，操作简便、固定可靠、融合率高，临床效果好。     

青少年腰椎峡部断裂的手术治疗

腰椎峡部裂是指腰椎上下关节突之间的峡部断裂,又称为椎弓根崩裂或峡部不连。青少年峡部断裂多数存在发育性因素。可能由于他们的椎弓骨化不完全,疲软时限低。椎间盘弹性好,更多的剪切力作用于关节突,再有大部分年轻人可能比成年人更加经常从事剧烈的活动导致疲软时限较快到达。2004-2008年本科对11例青少年腰椎椎弓峡部断裂合并Ⅰ-Ⅱ度滑脱患者采用椎弓根内固定及枢法模人工骨椎板及峡部断裂处植骨方法治疗,效果满意。     

青少年腰椎峡部断裂的手术治疗

腰椎峡部裂是指腰椎上下关节突之间的峡部断裂,又称为椎弓根崩裂或峡部不连.青少年峡部断裂多数存在发育性因素.可能由于他们的椎弓骨化不完全,疲软时限低.椎间盘弹性好,更多的剪切力作用于关节突,再有大部分年轻人可能比成年人更加经常从事剧烈的活动导致疲软时限较快到达.2004～2008年本科对11例青少年腰椎椎弓峡部断裂合并Ⅰ～Ⅱ度滑脱患者采用椎弓根内固定及枢法模人工骨椎板及峡部断裂处植骨方法治疗,效果满意.     

万向椎弓根螺钉在峡部裂型腰椎滑脱症手术复位中的应用效果

目的探讨万向椎弓根螺钉提拉复位联合撑开复位及椎间植骨融合术治疗峡部裂型腰椎滑脱症的临床疗效。方法 25例峡部裂型腰椎滑脱症患者,均经腰椎后路行椎间隙撑开复位+椎间植骨融合内固定术。比较手术前、后日本骨科学会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)评分,滑移程度改变情况以及滑脱复位率,评定临床疗效。结果本组手术过程均顺利,手术时间(110±35)min,术中出血量(350±55)mL;术后随访8~24个月,平均12个月,末次随访时患者JOA评分(25.2±3.8)较术前(11.8±2.4)明显提高,椎体滑移程度[(6.4±3.8)%]较术前[(35.0±18.0)%]明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);椎体滑脱复位率为(79.8±6.3)%,治疗优良率为96%;2例术后出现健侧下肢疼痛、麻木,于术后3~6个月恢复正常。结论万向椎弓根螺钉提拉复位联合椎间撑开复位及椎间植骨融合术治疗峡部裂型腰椎滑脱症疗效确切。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.