BI-RADS分级在临床不可触及的乳腺病变活检中的应用

目的:探讨乳腺影像报告及数据系统(BI-RADS)分级对影像学发现的亚临床乳腺病变的诊断及治疗价值.材料和方法:50例乳腺X线发现异常而临床不可触及肿块的患者,运用BI-RADS分级系统为乳腺影像评分,为所有患者行乳腺X线引导下导丝定位病灶活检术,对比影像诊断与病理结果,分析影像学对病理结果的预测价值.结果:2例BI-RADS 5级,5例BI-RADS 4级与1例BI-RADS 3级病变证实为恶性,13例BI-RADS 4级和1例BI-RADS 3级病灶诊断为癌前病变,22例BI-RADS 4级和6例BI-RADS 3级病灶最终诊断为良性病变.结论:BI-RADS 3～5级的亚临床病变,通过导丝引导下病灶定位切除活检术,能够帮助发现早期乳腺癌.     

全数字化乳腺摄影对乳腺疾病的诊断价值

目的 评价全数字化乳腺摄影在临床中对乳腺疾病的诊断价值.方法 回顾215例经手术或活检的术前全数字化乳腺摄影资料,对比影像诊断与最终病理诊断异同.分析不同疾病的误诊原因,初步分析及探讨全数字化乳腺摄影对乳腺疾病的诊断价值.结果 215例经手术或活检的病例中,132例被病理确诊为乳腺癌,83例被诊断为良性病变.在被病理证实为乳腺癌的132例乳腺癌病例中,14例被全数字化乳腺摄影诊断漏诊或误诊.而同时被影像诊断为恶性病变可能的130例(BI-RADS大于4级)的病例中,12例最终病理诊断确定为良性病变.结论 全数字化乳腺摄影是乳腺疾病的重要检查手段,尤其对发现及筛查乳腺癌具有重要价值,但对某些乳腺良性病变,其诊断准确率较低,需要结合其他临床诊断方式.     

乳腺超声和钼靶X线摄片对触诊阴性乳腺病灶的诊断价值分析(附87例报告)

目的 探讨和比较乳腺钼靶X线摄片和超声对临床触诊阴性乳腺病灶的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析77例触诊阴性乳腺病例(87个病灶)的临床资料,所有病例均行乳腺超声和钼靶X线摄片检查,并经穿刺活检或手术切除标本获得病理诊断.分析良恶性乳腺病变患者的年龄和月经状态;总结乳腺癌病灶在钼靶X线摄片和超声诊断中的影像学特点,并比较两种方法 的诊断效能.结果 全组87个触诊阴性的乳腺病灶中,乳腺癌20个(20例患者),占23%(20/87),其中95%(19/20)为0-Ⅰ期的早期乳腺癌;良性病灶67个(57例患者),占77%(67/87).乳腺癌患者的年龄明显高于良性乳腺病变患者(P<0.01),但月经状态无明显差异.钼靶X线摄片、超声诊断乳腺癌病灶的阳性率分别为75%(15/20)和55%(11/20);其主要影像学特点分别是恶性钙化和边界不清的低回声占位,分别占诊断阳性病灶的67%(10/15)和55%(6/11).钼靶X线摄片诊断触诊阴性的乳腺病灶的敏感性、特异性和准确性(分别为75%、64%、67%)均优于乳腺超声(分别为55%、21%、29%).20例乳腺癌患者经超声或钼靶引导下采用金属丝定位,行切除手术.11例患者行保乳手术,保乳率达55%(11/20).结论 钼靶X线摄片和超声检查在触诊阴性的乳腺癌的早发现、早诊断、早治疗中发挥着重要作用.其中,钼靶X线摄片检查更为重要.     

乳腺癌钼靶X线与超声诊断的对比研究

目的 比较钼靶X线与超声对乳腺癌的诊断价值.方法 经手术及病理证实同时行钼靶X线与超声检查的乳腺癌病例40例.钼靶X线采用常规摄片方法摄片;超声探头频率10 MHz,分别在2种影像下对乳腺癌进行分析、诊断,比较二者诊断结果的差异.结果 40例乳腺癌患者中,包括浸润性导管癌29例,导管内癌5例,小叶癌4例,黏液腺癌1例,炎性乳癌1例,X线诊断正确34例,超声诊断正确29例(x2=13.83,P＜0.05).结论 对乳腺癌的检出,钼靶X线较超声有优势.     

乳腺微小肿块钼靶X线与超声诊断的对比研究

目的评价钼靶X线与超声对乳腺微小肿块的诊断价值。方法经手术及病理证实同时行钼靶X线与超声检查的乳腺微小肿块患者74例。钼靶X线采用常规方法摄片;超声探头频率10MHz,分别在2种影像下对乳腺肿块进行分析、诊断,比较二者诊断结果差异。结果46例良性病变,包括纤维腺瘤30例,乳腺腺病10例,乳腺囊肿6例,X线诊断正确38例(38/46),超声诊断正确40例(40/46)(χ2=0.08,P(0.5)。28例恶性病变,包括浸润性导管癌20例,导管内癌4例,小叶癌4例,X线诊断正确24例(24/28),超声诊断正确20例(20/28)(χ2=3.75,P(0.05)。结论钼靶X线在良性微小肿块诊断中与超声无统计学差异,对乳腺恶性微小肿块的检出,钼靶X线较超声有优势。     

钼靶X线影像对乳腺疾病的诊断价值

目的 探讨乳腺钼靶X线影像的临床应用价值与限度.资料与方法回顾性分析71例经手术病理证实为乳腺疾病患者的钼靶X线影像资料,进行BI-RADS分类、乳腺腺体类型分型,观察病灶位置、大小、有无细钙化,与手术记录及术后病理结果进行比较.结果 钼靶X线影像资料BI-RADS分类:0类13例,Ⅰ类7例,Ⅱ类3例,Ⅲ类4例,Ⅳ类28例,Ⅴ类16例.BI-RADS分类与术后病理结果比较,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ类的诊断符合率分别为28％、33％、75％、60％、100％.乳腺钼靶X线影像资料有28例(39％)对病灶位置评估不准确,37例(52％)对病灶大小评估不准确;11例有细钙化影,其中9例为乳腺癌.致密型和中间混合型乳腺占77％ (55/71),与术后病理相比,钼靶X线诊断准确率为53％;退化型乳腺占23％ (16/71),与术后病理相比,钼靶X线诊断准确率为81％.结论 乳腺钼靶X线对于乳腺疾病的显示有一定价值,但对于病灶诊断准确率低,特别是致密型乳腺,对于病灶的位置及大小显示不准确.     

数字乳腺摄影在乳腺病变诊断中的临床应用分析

目的 探讨数字乳腺钼靶摄影在乳腺病变诊断中的应用及其临床价值.方法 分析我院收治的86例乳腺肿块的患者,均行数字乳腺钼靶摄影及病理检查,比较分析二者的结果.结果 与手术病理活检结果相比,诊断符合率为96.5％,误诊率为3.5％.数字乳腺钼靶摄影将3例乳腺癌误诊为乳腺纤维腺瘤,数字乳腺钼靶摄影与手术病理活检检查在乳腺病变的诊断方面无统计学差异.结论 数字乳腺钼靶可显示乳腺的一些细微结构和微小病灶,通过病变直径大小、结节形态、大导管征情况可区分乳腺的良、恶性病变.     

临床触诊阴性的乳腺病灶超声和钼靶X线摄片对照及联合应用的分析

目的 探讨乳腺超声和钼靶X线摄片检查对临床触诊阴性乳腺病灶临床应用的价值.方法 回顾性分析192例临床触诊阴性乳腺病例(254个病灶),所有患者均行乳腺超声和钼靶X线摄片对照检查,所有病灶均有病理学诊断.结果 254个临床触诊阴性乳腺病灶中,超声和钼靶X线摄片检查对其诊断的灵敏度分别为39.1%(18/46)、60.8%(28/46),联合检查的灵敏度为90.0%(40/46).结论乳腺超声和钼靶X线摄片检查的联合应用在临床触诊阴性的乳腺癌早期发现、早期诊断、早期治疗中可发挥重要作用.     

高频超声与钼靶片诊断乳腺癌的价值探讨

目的 :探讨乳腺钼靶摄影片、高频超声及其两者联合应用对乳腺肿瘤的诊断价值。方法 :对 12 10例乳腺癌病例进行回顾性分析 ,对高频超声、乳腺钼靶摄影片、高频超声及乳腺钼靶摄影片联合与病理的诊断符合率进行统计学分析。结果 :钼靶片与病理诊断符合率 85 .5 % ( 10 36 / 12 10 ) ,超声诊断符合率 85 .1% ( 112 6 / 12 10 ) ,两者差异无显著性 ( P >0 0 5 )。其中对于钼靶摄片假阴性病例 79.4 % ( 80 / 175 )由高频超声确诊 ,而对于超声假阴性病例 5 5 .6 % ( 10 0 / 180 )通过钼靶摄片与病理诊断符合 ,超声联合钼靶摄片的诊断符合率为 98.3% ,与单钼靶摄片及单超声相比差异均有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :乳腺高频超声诊断价值不容忽视 ,联合乳腺钼靶摄片检查对乳腺肿瘤的诊断意义重大。     

乳腺钙化在钼靶x线诊断中的价值

目的：探讨乳腺钼靶x线中钙化的影像特征及其在不同乳腺疾病中的诊断价值。方法：对我院经手术及病理证实的90例良、恶性钙化钼靶x线片进行回顾性分析。结果：90例乳腺钙化中,良性病变28例,占31%;乳腺癌62例,占69%。结论：根据乳腺钼靶X线片内的钙化特征可作为临床评价其良、恶性的可靠依据。     

高频及彩色多普勒超声对早期乳腺癌诊断价值分析

目的评价高频超声及彩色多普勒血流成像对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法 45例经手术病理证实为无淋巴结转移的早期乳腺癌患者,术前均经高频超声与彩色多普勒血流成像检查。对所有患者的超声表现进行了回顾性分析。结果本组45例中,锯齿状或蟹虫样病变见于41例,内部低回声45例,后方衰减28例,肿块内微钙化23例,丰富的彩色血流信号10例。术前超声正确诊断38例,包括浸润性导管癌30例,单纯癌5例,黏液腺癌1例,乳头状癌1例,以及浸润性小叶癌1例,而其余7例术前误诊为良性病变,包括纤维腺瘤2例和增生结节5例。与病理对照,术前超声诊断准确率为84.4%。结论早期乳腺癌有一定的超声表现特征,因此,高频超声及彩色多普勒血流成像对尽早发现乳腺癌具有重要应用价值。     

BI-RADS影像特征的预测模型在乳腺不可触及钙化病变中的价值

目的 探讨乳腺不可触及钙化病变患者的临床及BI-RADS-X线影像特征,建立Logistic多变量预测模型评估乳腺病变良恶性的概率,以提高乳腺不可触及钙化病变诊断准确率.方法 回顾性分析133例(147个病灶)乳腺不可触及钙化病变,先根据个人经验对病变的X线影像资料进行分析并做出BI-RADS评估分类,与病理对照绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线.之后再对病变X线影像及临床特征进行单因素及多因素分析,筛选与良恶性相关的影响因素,建立Logistic模型并选取合适截点,绘制ROC曲线.最后比较术前BI-RADS分类与Logistic模型对乳腺病变诊断准确性的差别.结果 术前BI-RADS分类判断病变良恶性得到曲线下面积(AUC)为0.867 9.患者临床特征(年龄、位置、病变所在象限)及BI-RADS-X影像特征(分布方式、形态特征、病变部位腺体密度)单因素分析结果显示上述特征差异均有统计学差异;Logistic回归多因素分析示年龄、象限及形态特征差异有统计学意义,建立方程判断病变良恶性得到Logistic模型的AUC为0.906 3.结论 Logistic模型对乳腺病变诊断的准确性高于术前BI-RADS分类,对乳腺病变的正确诊断具有一定的参考价值.     

数字化乳腺摄影联合高频超声对早期乳腺癌诊断的临床应用

目的评价数字化乳腺摄影（DM）联合高频超声检查（HFUS）对早期乳腺癌（直径小于2cm）的诊断价值。方法42例经手术病理证实的早期乳腺癌的女性患者均经DM和HFUS诊断。结果与病理对照,DM对早期乳腺癌的诊断准确率为83．3％（35／42）,HFUS为73．8％（31／42）,二者联合为90．5％（38,42）。DM对早期乳腺癌的诊断准确率略高于HFUS,但不是统计学上的差异（P〉0．05）。DM对探测病灶内微小钙化较敏感,而HFUS对探测乳房内小肿块较敏感。结论DM和HFUS联合应用可提高早期细小乳腺癌病灶的检出率,并可实现二者的优势互补。     

X线立体穿刺钩针定位在乳腺微小病变中的应用

目的:探讨X线立体穿刺钩针定位对不可触及乳腺微小病变的诊断价值.方法:回顾分析87例乳腺钼靶X线立体穿刺钩针定位病例,均为临床触诊阴性而乳腺钼靶X线片显示有微小病变,采用钩针定位后,留置导丝于定位区,引导手术将病灶切除活检.结果:83位患者,乳腺X线检查发现病灶87例,导丝引导下手术活检均一次性成功定位与切除,定性诊断正确率为100%.病理检查结果:恶性病变8例,良性病变79例.结论:X线立体穿刺钩针定位简单易行,在乳腺微小病变的诊断中起着重要的作用.     

乳腺钼靶X线立体定位穿刺活检和手术

1992年7月～1993年9月间,对56例乳腺疾病患者进行钼靶摄片,发现56例57处病灶,对其中54例55处病灶进行了立体定位细针穿刺细胞学检查。结果显示其敏感性为92.5％,特异性为100％,诊断符合率为96.3％。若将细胞学检查结果与钼靶摄片相结合,联合敏感性与特异性均可达100％。上述病灶中有12处为临床所不能扪及的隐匿性病灶,6处在立体定位引导下完成了切除术。     

Nonpalpable, probably benign lesions: role of follow-up mammography.

Of 21,855 consecutive women prospectively studied with mammography, physical examination, and high-resolution ultrasonography when appropriate, 558 received a diagnosis of nonpalpable, probably benign lesions. Follow-up mammography was recommended for these patients. Characteristically benign lesions and palpable masses were excluded from analysis. The positive predictive value for detection of a nonpalpable, probably benign breast lesion was 0.017. Nine patients ultimately proved to have carcinoma; two of them had noninvasive carcinoma, and two had axillary node metastases. The positive predictive value for detection of a nonpalpable, probably malignant lesion was 0.47. The policy of recommending mammographic surveillance for nonpalpable, probably benign lesions, a viable option for radiologists, has the capability of lowering the rate and therefore the costs of biopsy procedures with negative results.     

Nonpalpable breast cancer: mammographic appearance as predictor of histologic type.

PURPOSE: To investigate the association between mammographic appearance and histologic diagnosis of nonpalpable breast cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mammographic characteristics of 317 consecutive clinically nonpalpable breast cancers in patients treated with breast-conserving surgery were reviewed. Malignant lesions were categorized as spiculated masses, other lesions, calcifications, and combined findings. Calcifications were characterized as amorphous, pleomorphic, or fine linear and branching. Logistic regression was used for the evaluation. Odds ratios (ORs) represent the magnitude of the association between a histologic diagnosis and a mammographic finding. RESULTS: Spiculated mass without calcifications (n = 150) and calcifications alone (n = 79) accounted for three of four cancers. A spiculated mass without calcifications was strongly associated with invasive cancers (OR = 12). Calcifications alone were strongly associated with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) (OR = 19). In a decreasing order, the following invasive cancers were each associated with spiculated lesions without calcifications: ductal carcinoma grade 1 (OR = 28), ductal carcinoma grade 2 (OR = 17), lobular carcinoma (OR = 11), and ductal carcinoma grade 3 (OR = 4.6). Fine linear and branching calcifications alone were associated with not only DCIS nuclear grades 3 (OR = 17) and 2 (OR = 9.7) but also with invasive ductal carcinoma grade 3 (OR = 13). CONCLUSION: Mammographic appearance can be a predictor of histologic diagnosis in three of four nonpalpable breast cancers.     

全数字化乳腺X线三维定位创新技术在不可触及性病变术前定位的应用

目的 探讨全数字化乳腺X线引导下的三维立体定位创新技术对不可触及性乳腺病变术前定位的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析乳腺不可触及性病变并行术前定位的106例患者,根据乳房X线片(0°及90°)人工计算进针深度,定位时利用全数字化乳腺X线三维立体定位系统(GE Senogrphe DS)自动计算进针深度,将此值与人工计算的进针深度值相结合,再结合患者,定位前皮肤弹性以及腺体结构情况,调整进针深度,置入定位针,临床根据定位导丝位置对病变进行切除,术后再行X线摄影与术前对比,判断病变是否被完整切除.结果 全数字化乳腺X线引导下的三维立体定位系统对不可触及性乳腺病变的定位准确率达到100%,手术均能完整切除,11例出现不良反应,主要表现为晕厥,经休息、心理安抚及输液处理后均能较快恢复.结论 术前行乳腺X线引导下的三维立体定位可以提高乳腺不可触及性病变切除的准确性,简单易行,具有推广价值.     

Initial experience with the advanced breast biopsy instrumentation device.

OBJECTIVE: The Advanced Breast Biopsy Instrumentation (ABBI) device (United States Surgical; Norwalk, CT) is designed to percutaneously excise nonpalpable breast lesions. Because this is a new technique, we report our initial experience with regard to technical success, complications, and histologic margins for malignancies. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: From May 14, 1997, until March 4, 1998, 89 consecutive patients elected to undergo the ABBI procedure. Preprocedure imaging included screening mammography and additional mammographic and sonographic studies when deemed necessary. Lesions were targeted by the surgeons. Specimen radiography was performed for all lesions, and the images were interpreted by radiologists. Pathologic analysis was provided or reviewed by a dedicated breast pathologist. Parameters analyzed included technical success, complications, lesion size, histologic diagnosis, and margin status for malignant lesions. RESULTS: There were 29 patients with 30 noncalcified masses, 53 patients with clustered calcifications, three patients with masses and calcifications, three patients with asymmetric densities, and one patient with architectural distortion. Eighteen ABBI procedures were aborted, converted to core biopsy, or failed to remove the targeted lesion. Fifteen patients experienced a total of 19 complications; 10 of the complications required treatment and follow-up after the biopsy. Of 11 malignant tumors revealed by ABBI, four had negative margins. Seven of these 11 malignant tumors had positive margins. CONCLUSION: The ABBI procedure had a high number of complications and technical failures and did not reliably provide cancer-free margins for malignant tumors. Women with nonpalpable breast lesions that need a tissue diagnosis are better treated by stereotactic or sonographically guided needle biopsy.     

Radiologisches und chirurgisches Management der nichtpalpablen Mammaläsion

In this retrospective study the results of surgical biopsy of suspected breast cancer in 319 outpatients are reported. In 113 cases (35.4%) the lesion was palpable, in 206 cases (64.6%) it was not. Concerning the nonpalpable lesions, mammography was performed in 98 patients (47.6%) for work-up of fibrocystic changes, in 41 patients (19.9%) for initial participation in a breast cancer prevention program, and in 33 patients (16.0%) for surveillance after breast conservation therapy. Prior to operation, 84.0% (n = 173) of the nonpalpable lesions were detected by mammography, 11.2% (n = 23) by sonography, and 4.8% (n = 10) by magnetic resonance imaging. Intra-operative specimen mammography was carried out in every case detected by mammography. In 19.4% (n = 40) of 206 nonpalpable lesions a malignant tumor was found. Twenty-five percent (n = 10) of all marked tumors were diagnosed and treated as in-situ stage tumors, while 65% (n = 26) were diagnosed and treated as tumors in the pT1 stage. As regards the nodal stage, 85% (n = 34) of the tumors were diagnosed and treated as pNO tumors, and 100% (n = 40) were found to be free from any distant metastases. Consequently, for improving prognosis and, at the same time, for reducing the rate of breast amputations as a means of curative therapy of breast cancer, regular screening in defined risk groups is necessary. Surgical treatment of patients with small and nonpalpable findings should be reserved for departments with marking and quick-freezing facilities.