60Coγ射线诱导人外周血淋巴细胞核质桥的剂量-效应关系研究

目的 确定核质桥判定标准,建立 ⁶⁰Co γ 射线诱导正常人外周血淋巴细胞中核质桥（NPB）的剂量-效应曲线。 方法 用 ⁶⁰Co γ 射线照射3名健康男性离体外周血,照射剂量分别为0、1、2、3、4、5和6 Gy,剂量率为1 Gy/min,采用胞质分裂阻滞微核（CBMN）法进行细胞培养、收获、制片、染色。在光学显微镜下分析双核细胞中NPB及微核（MN）。 结果 在0~6 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ 射线照射后,人外周血双核淋巴细胞中的NPB符合泊松分布,且NPB频率随吸收剂量增加而增加（H=19.51,P<0.01）,拟合回归方程为线性平方模式y=（1.39×10^-3）x² + （4.94×10^-3）x （R²=0.981,P < 0.01）。 结论 成功建立 0~6 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ 射线诱导正常人外周血淋巴细胞中NPB的剂量-效应曲线。     

不同剂量率60Co γ射线照射对人外周血辐射敏感基因表达变化的影响

目的 探讨不同剂量率⁶⁰Co γ射线照射对辐射诱导的基因表达水平改变的影响。方法 ⁶⁰Co γ射线照射3例正常人离体外周血,剂量率分别为0.2、1.0和2.0 Gy/min,照射剂量为0、1、2、4和6 Gy,照射后24 h收集细胞,实时荧光定量（PCR）法对11个基因（CDKN1A、MDM2、PCNA、FDXR、GADD45A、PHPT1、ASTN2、TNFSF4、POLH、GDF-15和PPM1D） mRNA表达水平进行相对定量检测;逐步回归法构建不同剂量率基因组合表达模型。结果 不同剂量率0.2、1和2 Gy/min ⁶⁰Co γ射线照射后,辐射诱导的11个基因的相对表达量随照射剂量增加而升高,具有显著的剂量依赖性（R²=0.744~0.998,P< 0.05）;0.2 Gy/min ⁶⁰Co γ射线照射2 Gy后,CDKN1A、FDXR、PHPT1和TNFSF4基因的表达量明显高于1和2 Gy/min剂量率组,差异具有统计学意义（t=3.73、5.73、2.44、2.77、3.53、2.68、2.43、2.05,P< 0.05）;2 Gy/min ⁶⁰Co γ射线照射6 Gy后,PPM1D基因表达量明显高于其他两个剂量率组（t=3.82、2.54,P< 0.05）;不同剂量率基因组合表达模型由2~3个基因组成,回归方程的R²值为0.951~0.976（P< 0.05）。结论 在0.2~2 Gy/min剂量率范围内,不同剂量率⁶⁰Co γ射线照射可能会影响辐射诱导人外周血基因表达水平的改变。     

人工智能识别60Co γ射线照射诱导人外周血微核的剂量-效应曲线建立

目的 根据扫描显微镜搭配玻片扫描软件(Metafer 4),在松弛素B(CB)阻断微核法试验中识别和鉴定微核,建立⁶⁰Co γ射线照射剂量与人外周血淋巴细胞微核率的剂量-效应曲线。方法 采集4名健康人(2男2女)肘静脉血样品,用0、0.25、0.5、1、2、3、4和5 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ射线(剂量率0.74 Gy/min)离体照射,胞质分裂阻断微核法培养、收获和制备标本玻片,人工智能彩色识别分析系统分析并记录双核细胞和微核数。应用CABAS 软件拟合基于微核率的剂量-效应曲线。2份照射后的盲样进行生物剂量估算验证。结果 在0~5 Gy 剂量范围内,拟合的微核剂量-效应曲线符合二次多项式模型,回归方程为y=0.0321D²+0.0237D+0.0127(R²=0.998,D为剂量)。用拟合曲线对验证样本的剂量估算结果与实际照射剂量基本接近。结论 成功建立基于人工智能识别微核的剂量-效应曲线,为估算辐射生物剂量提供了可行方法。     

应用金纳米颗粒复合材料(ssDNA-AuNPs)比色检测γ射线照射剂量的可行性研究

目的 建立检测γ射线照射剂量的新方法,探讨应用金纳米颗粒复合材料（ssDNA-AuNPs）比色检测γ射线照射剂量的可行性。方法 将寡核苷酸分子（ssDNA）修饰到金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）表面,制备出复合材料ssDNA-AuNPs。用⁶⁰Co γ射线对其进行照射,剂量分别为0、5、10、20和30 Gy,而后观察溶液颜色变化并测量紫外-可见吸收光谱,建立吸收光谱中625 nm处与521 nm处吸光度的比值（A₆₂₅/A₅₂₁）与照射剂量线性关系。结果 随着⁶⁰Co γ射线照射剂量的不断增加,ssDNA-AuNPs溶液的颜色由酒红色逐渐变为蓝紫色。在0~30 Gy剂量范围内,吸收光谱中A₆₂₅/A₅₂₁的比值对其拟合线性方程为A₆₂₅/A₅₂₁=0.020 6+0.303 6E（R²=0.991 5）。结论 本实验合成的ssDNA-AuNPs能够比色检测γ射线照射剂量,建立了一种比色检测γ射线照射剂量的新方法。     

125I粒子和60Co γ射线照射对A549及BEAS-2B细胞生物学效应的影响

目的 探讨¹²⁵I粒子和⁶⁰Co γ射线对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)A549细胞和正常支气管上皮BEAS-2B细胞生物学效应的影响。方法 A549、BEAS-2B细胞均行¹²⁵I粒子和⁶⁰Co γ射线不同剂量照射;集落形成实验检测细胞存活分数;流式细胞术检测细胞周期和细胞凋亡率;Western blot检测凋亡相关蛋白的表达水平。结果 A549细胞在4、6、8 Gy照射时,¹²⁵I粒子组细胞克隆存活分数较⁶⁰Co组降低更明显(t=6.06、9.42、4.90,P<0.05)。A549细胞在4 Gy时,G₁期细胞比例¹²⁵I粒子组为70.67%±1.49%,⁶⁰Co组为59.59%±0.71%(t=10.77,P<0.05);细胞凋亡率¹²⁵I粒子组为18.09%±0.73%,⁶⁰Co组为9.81%±0.16%(t=19.40,P<0.05)。¹²⁵I粒子照射明显上调Bax、cleaved Caspase-3蛋白的表达,同时下调Bcl-2蛋白的表达。但不同射线同一剂量或相同射线不同剂量下,BEAS-2B细胞的凋亡率及凋亡相关蛋白的表达无明显变化。结论 ¹²⁵I粒子持续低剂量率照射较⁶⁰Co γ射线高剂量率照射抑制A549细胞增殖的效应更明显。Bcl-2/Bax蛋白比失衡,最终致Caspase-3蛋白的活化在¹²⁵I粒子持续低剂量率照射抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的效应中可能发挥重要的作用。     

X射线照射对人外周血淋巴细胞mIL-2R表达的影响

目的 观察X射线照射对人外周血淋巴细胞mIL-2R表达的影响。方法 采用单克隆抗体间接免疫荧光标记FCM检测。结果 4Gy和6Gy单次照射组mIL-2R表达明显低于对照组(分别P<0.01).75mGy及100mGy单次照射组mIL2R表达明显高于对照组(分别P<0.01).预先给予75mGy照射, 继之又给予4Gy组mIL-2R表达明显高于单纯4Gy照射组。结论 ①4Gy以上X射线照射使mIL-2R的表达明显降低。②75mGy及100mGy小剂量照射后人外周血淋巴细胞mIL-2R表达显着增高。③75mGy预照射可诱导mIL-2R表达对其后4Gy照射的适应性反应。     

氮氧自由基化合物对60Co γ射线致BALB/c小鼠辐射损伤的防护作用

目的 观察氮氧自由基化合物NHCOCH3-TEMPO对雄性BALB/c小鼠电离辐射损伤的防护效果。方法 将120只雄性BALB/c小鼠按随机数字表法分成4和7 Gy照射组,每组60只,每组再按随机数字表法分成6组,每组10只,分别为生理盐水对照组、生理盐水照射组、低剂量TEMPO照射组、中剂量TEMPO照射组、高剂量TEMPO照射组和阳性对照(WR-2721)组。⁶⁰Co γ射线照射前0.5 h动物腹腔注射防护药物,剂量分别为:WR-2721组200 mg/kg、低、中、高剂量TEMPO组分别为100、200和400 mg/kg、生理盐水对照组和生理盐水照射组给予等量生理盐水。4 Gy全身照射组用于观察小鼠照后8和15 d骨髓有核细胞数、骨髓DNA含量和外周血象的变化;7 Gy全身照射用于观察小鼠照后30 d生存率。结果 4 Gy照射后,TEMPO预处理组小鼠骨髓有核细胞计数、骨髓DNA含量较生理盐水照射组均明显增加(t=2.53~6.13,P<0.05);中剂量TEMPO预处理组小鼠外周血白细胞数较生理盐水照射组明显增加(t=4.34,P<0.05),但外周血红细胞数与生理盐水照射组相比,差异无统计学意义。7 Gy照射后,低剂量TEMPO预处理组小鼠30 d存活率较生理盐水照射组明显增加(χ²=5.934,P<0.05)。结论 氮氧自由基化合物NHCOCH3-TEMPO对雄性BALB/c小鼠γ射线辐射损伤有一定的防护作用。     

人淋巴细胞S100A4基因在照射后不同时间点表达水平的剂量-效应关系

目的 应用实时荧光PCR技术检测不同剂量⁶⁰Co γ射线照射后不同时间永生化淋巴细胞系AHH-1中S100A4基因的表达变化情况,探讨其基因表达变化的剂量和时间效应关系.方法 永生化淋巴细胞系AHH-1接受0、1、3、5、8、10、15、18 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ射线照射后4、8、12、24、48和72 h,利用反转录聚合酶链反应(PCR)以及实时荧光PCR技术检测细胞S100A4基因表达水平,分析各时间点其基因的相对表达水平与不同照射剂量之间的关系.结果 照射后各时间点,一定剂量范围内,AHH-1中S100A4基因的表达水平上调,与照射剂量存在着一定的剂量-效应关系(R²=0.79~0.93,P<0.05);在一定时间范围内,AHH-1中S100A4基因表达水平的上调受照射后时间的影响(F=8.91,P<0.01).结论 在一定剂量范围内,辐射诱导的S100A4基因表达在转录水平的变化检测便捷,具有较好的剂量-效应关系,初步具备作为生物剂量计的基本条件.     

荧光原位杂交技术分析大剂量照射后Calyculin A诱导的早熟凝集染色体

目的 探索用荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术分析大剂量照射后Calyculin A(CA)诱导的早熟凝集染色体的可行性.方法 采用X射线照射离体外周血,吸收剂量为0、1、5、10、15和20 Gy.RPMI 1640培养基培养,CA诱导染色体早熟凝集,1、4号全染色体探针荧光原位杂交,荧光显微镜下观察,计数畸变阳性细胞数及两条染色体断片数,拟合剂量效应曲线.结果 以阳性细胞作为观察对象,剂量范围在0~15 Gy时,阳性细胞数和照射剂量呈现良好的剂量-效应关系,Y=0.008+0.065D+1.858×10^-5D²(R²=0.994).以断片数作为观察对象,剂量范围在0~20 Gy 时,同样呈现良好的剂量-效应关系:Y=-0.032+0.216D-0.01D²(R²=1.0).结论 用FISH分析CA诱导的早熟凝集染色体,可用于估算大剂量照射后的生物剂量.     

60Coγ射线超大剂量照射离体人外周血染色体畸变的剂量-效应研究

目的 探讨超大剂量γ射线离体照射后人外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变的量效关系,建立双+环(dic+r)大剂量-效应曲线。方法 外周静脉血样采自3名健康男性,经 ⁶⁰Co γ线(0~50 Gy,剂量率2.35Gy/min)照射。采用即刻加秋水仙素的微量全血法,分别培养52、72及96h。计数有丝分裂指数(MI)、双着丝粒体(dic)和环(r)畸变数,拟合dic+r剂量-效应曲线,对2例受大剂量照射的事故患者进行剂量估算。结果 MI随照射剂量的增加而逐渐减少。每细胞dic+r频率随照射剂量增加而增加直到23Gy(5Gy之后增加幅度较前变小),＞23Gy后趋于饱和。对所获数据进行回归分析,拟合dic+r大剂量-效应曲线(5~23Gy):每细胞dic+r频率y=-1.608(±0.300)+0.830 (±0.051)D-0.013(±0.002) D² (R²=0.998)。用拟合曲线对2例受照患者剂量的估算结果与用物理方法和电子自旋共振(ESR)法估算的剂量及临床表现基本一致。结论 本研究建立的dic+r大剂量-效应曲线, 可估计的上限剂量达23Gy,有可能提高常规染色体畸变分析用作生物剂量计的实用价值。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.