胸部结节病的影像学诊断

目的回顾性分析胸部结节病的影像学表现,进一步提高对此病的认识,减少误诊。方法分析36例符合诊断标准的胸部结节病的胸片及CT表现。结果胸部淋巴结增大34例,其中两侧肺门及纵隔淋巴结增大22例,两侧肺门淋巴结增大而无纵隔淋巴结增大2例,一侧肺门及纵隔淋巴结增大7例,一侧肺门淋巴结增大而无纵隔淋巴结增大1例,仅有纵隔淋巴结增大2例。肺部病变25例,其中多发结节18例,条索状影13例,磨玻璃样影11例,支气管血管束增厚5例,空气潴留4例,实变2例。支气管改变8例,胸膜病变3例。CT对纵隔内较小淋巴结及肺内病灶的检出率明显高于胸片。结论有典型影像学表现的胸部结节病诊断容易;不典型者诊断困难,需密切结合临床及治疗后随访。     

胸部结节病的影像学诊断

【摘要】目的：回顾性分析胸部结节病的影像学表现,进一步提高对此病的认识,减少误诊。方法：分析36例符合诊断标准的胸部结节病的胸片及CT表现。结果：胸部淋巴结增大34例,其中两侧肺门及纵隔淋巴结增大22例,两侧肺门淋巴结增大而无纵隔淋巴结增大2例,一侧肺门及纵隔淋巴结增大7例,一侧肺门淋巴结增大而无纵隔淋巴结增大1例,仅有纵隔淋巴结增大2例。肺部病变25例,其中多发结节18例,条索状影13例,磨玻璃样影11例,支气管血管束增厚5例,空气潴留4例,实变2例。支气管改变8例,胸膜病变3例。CT对纵隔内较小淋巴结及肺内病灶的检出率明显高于胸片。结论：有典型影像学表现的胸部结节病诊断容易;不典型者诊断困难,需密切结合临床及治疗后随访。     

结节病肺部改变的CT征象分析

目的探讨结节病肺部改变的CT表现及特征。方法回顾性分析90例经手术病理证实的结节病的临床资料及CT表现。结果结节69例（76．7％），主要沿支气管血管束分布37例（41．1％），团块影31例（34．4％），磨玻璃影39例（43．3％），支气管血管束增粗30例（33．3％），小叶间隔线58例（64．4％），纤维化17例（18．9％），包括支气管变形8例（8．9％）、条索影5例（5．6％）、蜂窝影4例（4．4％），空气潴留3例（3．3％），支气管狭窄8例（8．9％），胸膜改变42例（46．7％），肺门纵隔淋巴结增大76例（84．4％）。2种及2种以上肺部病变并存83例（92．2％），肺部病变合并肺门纵隔淋巴结增大76例（84．4％）。结节、团块、磨玻璃影、支气管血管束增粗治疗后随访吸收好转例数分别为25例（25／30）、9例（9／15）、11例（11／16），10例（10／12）；小叶间隔线、支气管变形、条索影、蜂窝影吸收好转例数分别为10例（10／22）、0例（0／4）、1例（1／3），0例（0／2）。结论结节病肺部CT表现形式多样，具有一定特征性，同时结合肺门纵隔淋巴结增大改变，有助于提高诊断正确率。     

甲型H1N1流感患者胸部CT首诊表现

目的 探讨甲型H1N1流感患者的胸部MSCT首诊表现.方法 回顾性分析19例经实验室检测显示甲型H1N1流感病毒阳性患者的首诊胸部MSCT影像资料.由3名副教授影像医师独立阅读并最终讨论达成一致.影像的异常表现包括实变、磨玻璃密度影、结节影,网格影.病变的分布包括单侧或双侧.病变部位按病变累及肺叶的解剖划分,同时评估胸腔积液单双侧及纵隔和肺门的淋巴结增大、心包积液及胸膜异常.用自建半定量甲型H1N1病变评分表评价磨玻璃密度影及实变影.采用Spearman相关分析检验半定量磨玻璃样变和实变CT评分与患者的发热时间之间有无相关关系.结果 19例患者中18例胸部CT首诊为阳性,肺内见实变影3例、磨玻璃密度影3例、实变影+磨玻璃密度影12例.病变全部为双侧分布,并且主要为弥漫分布(14例),多灶病变均分布在中下叶(4例).2例患者首次胸部CT检查发现心脏增大,其中1例合并心包积液.5例胸腔积液患者中,2例为双侧,3例为单侧.2例纵隔淋巴结增大,1例胸膜增厚.半定量磨玻璃密度影CT评分有2例4.25分,1例3.75分,1例2.25分,1例1.75分,6例1.00分,2例0.75分,2例0.50分,4例0分.半定量实变影CT评分有1例4.25分,1例4.00分,1例3.75分,1例2.75分,3例1.25分,2例1.00分,2例0.75分,1例0.50分,3例0.25分,4例0分.半定量磨玻璃密度影CT评分与发热时间存在正相关性(r=0.776,P<0.01),半定量实变影CT评分与发热时间无相关性(r=0.322,P>0.01).结论 甲型H1N1患者胸部CT首诊表现多以双侧磨玻璃密度病变伴或不伴实变影为主,主要为弥漫分布.甲型H1N1肺炎在发病初期病程进展以磨玻璃密度影范围扩大为标志.     

人感染H7N9禽流感病毒的胸部影像学表现

【摘要】目的：探讨并总结人感染H7N9禽流感病毒的胸部影像学特点。方法：回顾性分析人感染禽流感H7N9禽流感病毒的12例患者的影像学资料。所有患者均行胸部X线片和/或CT检查并随访。结果：12例患者的感染都进展为下呼吸道感染,并迅速发展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征。胸部影像主要表现为片状影（12例）,磨玻璃影（9例）,实变（9例）,空气支气管征（9例）,网格状改变（3例）,胸腔积液（4例）,纵隔及肺门淋巴结增大（3例）。9例肺部病变涉及多个肺叶,两下肺及右上肺多见。12例随访影像显示8例病情好转,4例病变恶化。结论：H7N9肺炎主要的影像学表现是段或叶的磨玻璃影和实变,并迅速波及双肺。CT能更加全面客观反映疾病的进程并评估其严重程度。     

AIDS合并马尔尼菲青霉菌感染的胸部CT表现

【摘要】目的：探讨获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）合并马尔尼菲青霉菌（PM）感染的胸部CT表现。方法：回顾性分析52例AIDS合并马尔尼菲青霉菌病（PSM）患者的临床及胸部CT表现。结果：52例AIDS合并PSM患者中，胸部CT表现为磨玻璃密度影或斑片影19例（占36.5%）、实变影7例（占13.5%）、粟粒结节（≤5mm）25例（占48.1%）、结节（>5mm，≤3cm）16例（占30.8%）、肿块（＞3cm）1例（占1.92%）、空洞7例（占13.5%）、支气管扩张7例（占13.5%）、肺间质病变31例（占59.6%）、心包积液5例（占9.6%）、胸腔积液11例（占21.2%）、胸膜增厚23例（占44.2%）、纵隔淋巴结肿大32例（占61.5%）。病变累及双侧肺38例（占73.1%）、累及肺段数≥2者42例（占80.8%）。6例肺部无病变，但临床表现均异常。结论：AIDS合并PSM患者的胸部CT常见征象为磨玻璃密度影或斑片影、粟粒结节或结节、间质病变、胸腔积液及纵隔淋巴结肿大，其中磨玻璃密度影、散在多发随机分布的粟粒结节或结节、肺间质病变、病变多为双肺、多叶段分布较具特点，结合发热、特异性“脐凹”样皮疹、CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数＜20个/μL等特征，可高度提示该病诊断。     

胸片和CT诊断SARS价值的对比研究

目的 :评价CT对胸片正常严重急性呼吸综合征 (SARS)患者的诊断价值。材料和方法 :对临床疑似SARS而X线胸片正常的 2 1例患者进行了胸部螺旋CT扫描及系列床边X线胸片复查。分析肺部病变的CT表现特征。结果 :2 1例疑似SARS患者中CT显示 12例有肺部病变 ( 5 7.1% )。根据系列复查胸片结果将 12例患者分成 2组 :第一组 ,复查胸片异常组 ,共 7例。其中单发磨玻璃样影 3例、多发磨玻璃样影 4例 ;第二组 ,复查胸片正常组 ,共 5例。其中单发磨玻璃样影 1例、多发磨玻璃样影 3例和左下叶实变影 1例。磨玻璃样影多位于肺周边部 ( 2 7/ 3 5 ) ,均为圆形 ,直径小于 3cm。结论 :胸片阴性SARS患者肺部病变的CT特点是以周围性分布为主的磨玻璃样影。CT可早于胸片发现肺部病变 ,并可提高SARS的肺部病变检出率。     

肺部磨玻璃影的胸部X线与CT分析

目的 研究肺部不同疾病磨玻璃样影的X线与CT表现及其分布型式，并确定这些分布型式在某些肺部疾病鉴别诊断中的意义。方法 18例肺部疾病患均常规性胸部X线与CT检查。并着重分析了肺部不同疾病磨玻璃样影的分布型式。结果 胸部X线与CT证实，肺部磨玻璃样影的分布型式随病种不同而异，中央型见于癌性淋巴管炎，过敏性肺泡炎；外周型见于胶原病及特发性肺间质纤维化；弥漫型见于慢支，特发性肺间质纤维化及肺泡蛋白沉着症。结论 肺癌磨玻璃样影的分布型式对某些肺部疾病的鉴别诊断具有重要意义。     

造血干细胞移植后淋巴增殖性疾病在颈胸部的影像学分析

目的 探讨造血干细胞移植后患者并发移植后淋巴增殖性疾病(fTLD)的颈胸部的影像学表现.方法 回顾分析2217例行异基因造血干细胞移植住院患者的影像学表现.经病理诊断PLTD累及颈胸部者共16例,分别行颌面部MRI、CT、胸部CT以及PET/CT,分析病变影像特征.结果 累及咽部者4例,表现为咽部肿块并中央坏死;肺部3例,肺内团块影,界清,偶伴磨玻璃影;乳腺2例,乳腺结节影,PET/CT呈高代谢表现;仅淋巴结肿大7例.结论 造血干细胞移植后的PTLD可累及淋巴结及结外组织,颈胸部的影像学检查,尤其PET/CT在早期发现病变、鉴别诊断、指导活检部位及监测疗效等方面具有重要价值.     

胸部结节病的CT诊断

目的:分析胸部结节病的CT表现,提高对本病的认识和诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析经活检病理证实或临床治疗观察符合诊断标准的26例胸部结节病的CT表现。结果:26例结节病中,肺门、纵隔淋巴结肿大23例(88.5%),其中肺门或/和纵隔淋巴结肿大8例(30.7%),肺门或/和纵隔淋巴结肿大伴有肺内病变15例(57.7%),仅见肺部浸润性改变而无淋巴结肿大1例(3.8%),肺纤维性改变2例(7.7%)。肺内主要表现为结节影15例,支气管血管束增粗7例,小叶间隔增厚4例,实变影1例,磨玻璃影1例。结论:双侧肺门对称性淋巴结肿大和/或纵隔淋巴结肿大以及沿支气管血管束分布的结节影是胸部结节病的特征性表现;不典型者需密切结合临床检查及治疗后随访。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）