遗忘型轻度认知损害的全脑灰质基于体素的MRI形态分析

目的：利用优化基于体素的MRI形态分析（voxel-based morphometry,VBM）,研究遗忘型轻度认知损害（amnestic mild cognitive impairment,aMCI）和正常老年人的脑灰质体积变化。方法：选取aMCl患者20例和正常老年对照18例,MRI排除脑内其他病变,然后行高分辨率三维T1WI扫描。应用优化VBM方法处理数据,将脑组织分割成灰质、白质和脑脊液,最后应用两样本t检验比较两组被试灰质体积改变。结果：VBM结果显示与正常老年对照组比较,aMCI患者组双侧额颞叶出现广泛的灰质体积减少,具体脑区为右侧海马钩回、双侧额下回、双侧额中回、右侧额上回、双颞叶额中回、左侧颞下回、左侧颞上回、右侧顶上小叶、左侧枕中回等结构灰质体积小于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）。结论：VBM方法可显示aMCl患者全脑灰质萎缩情况,对临床早期诊断aMCl患者有重要价值,具有广阔的临床应用前景。     

基于体素的形态测量学在阿尔茨海默病和轻度认知障碍中的应用价值

目的：应用基于体素的形态测量学（VBM）方法比较阿尔茨海默病（AD）和轻度认知障碍（MCI）患者和健康老年人灰质体积的不同,探讨VBM方法在AD、MCI诊断中的应用价值。方法：本研究包括10例AD患者（AD组）、9例MCI患者（MCI组）、10例老年健康志愿者（健康对照组）,检查系列包括头常规轴面T2WI、T1WI、轴面FLAIR、矢状面T1WI,全脑3D-SPGR。应用VBM方法处理数据,把脑组织分割成灰质、白质和脑脊液,最后应用两样本t检验两两比较灰质体积改变。结果：AD组与正常对照组脑灰质体积比较：AD组大脑皮层灰质体积弥漫减少,激活区域几乎分布整个大脑半球,以两侧内侧颞叶（海马、梨状皮层、内嗅皮层）为著。右侧海马减少的体素总数为2358个,左侧海马减少的体素总数为2967个,前后扣带回体素明显减少;MCI组与正常对照组比较：MCI组灰质减少的区域依然较多,但与AD和对照组相比,激活区域明显减少。其中最明显的是内侧颞叶内嗅皮层、海马旁回区域,右侧体素减少总数为1368,左侧1135;MCI组和AD组的比较：MCI组较AD组灰质减少的区域更多,内侧颞叶和海马区域基本没有激活区域,较明显的激活区域位于双侧额顶颞叶、扣带回。双侧尾状核头部和左侧丘脑亦有较明显激活,而豆状核没有明显激活。结论：内侧颞叶和海马体积减小是评价AD和MCI最敏感的区域,VBM可以有效评价灰质体积的改变。     

特发性全身性癫痫患者脑灰质结构基于体素的形态学测量的研究

目的 运用基于体素的形态学测量(VBM)方法分析特发性全身性癫痫患者(IGE)和正常人全脑灰质体积的差异.方法采用GE 3.0T HDX 超导型磁共振扫描仪对28例IGE患者和25例正常对照进行全脑高分辨解剖像扫描.在Matlab 7.0平台上采用SPM5软件包对图像进行处理.采用双样本t检验,将P< 0.005、像素簇大小＞200个体素的脑区作为有统计学差异的脑区.结果 与正常对照相比,IGE患者显示双侧大脑半球广泛脑区的灰质体积减少,包括双侧扣带回、双侧额中回、右侧额上回、右侧额叶直回、右楔叶、左侧尾状核头;与正常对照相比IGE患者灰质体积增加的脑区包括左侧颞上回、左侧屏状核、右侧豆状核.结论 VBM能揭示IGE患者存在广泛脑区灰质密度异常,灰质密度减低脑区多与认知功能相关,是引起癫痫患者认知功能下降的原因之一.     

基于体素的形态学分析技术在评价脑灰质体积改变对皮质下缺血性血管性痴呆患者执行功能影响中的应用

目的:采用基于体素的形态学分析(VBM)技术分析皮质下缺血性血管性痴呆(SIVD)患者执行功能障碍与相关脑区灰质体积改变之间的关系.方法:分别纳入SIVD患者和健康志愿者各14例,应用VBM技术比较2组的脑灰质体积差异,分析脑灰质体积变化与执行功能的相关性.结果:与健康对照组相比,SIVD患者灰质体积显著减少,包括全脑...     

丘脑梗死患者灰质体积改变与运动功能相关性的随访研究

目的采用基于体素形态学方法(voxel-based morphometry,VBM),研究单侧丘脑梗死患者脑灰质结构动态改变,探讨丘脑梗死患者运动功能恢复的脑结构重塑机制。方法选取13例单侧丘脑梗死患者分别于发病7天,14天、30天、90天、180天进行MRI三维高分辨全脑容积扫描。同时对患者进行Fugl-Meyer(FM)运动量表评分。选择性别及年龄匹配的13例健康志愿者作为对照组。运用SPM12软件对所有受试者的全脑高分辨图像进行VBM分析,显示丘脑梗死组组内各时间点间存在灰质体积差异的脑区。从基于VBM分析结果中选取与运动相关的脑区—辅助运动区(supplementary motor area, SMA)作为感兴趣区(region of interest, ROI),提取丘脑梗死患者各时间点的SMA灰质体积及正常受试者SMA灰质体积,观察SMA脑区灰质体积动态变化,将其与临床FM评分变化进行相关性分析。结果丘脑梗死组组内各时间点VBM比较结果显示脑内既存在脑灰质体积减少脑区,也存在脑灰质体积增加脑区(P0.00001,FDR校正)。其中与运动相关SMA脑区灰质体积变化趋势显示,发病后14天与发病后7天内SMA区灰质体积明显增加。随之,30天、90天及180天较14天SMA区灰质体积略有下降,且各时间点SMA区灰质体积均低于正常对照组。相关分析结果显示丘脑梗死组SMA脑区灰质体积变化绝对值与FM评分变化绝对值呈正相关(r30～7天=0.76,P0.05;r90～7天=0.59,P0.05)。结论单侧丘脑梗死患者SMA区脑结构重塑对患者运动功能恢复具有重要作用。     

椎间盘源性下腰痛患者脑灰质体积改变的MRI研究

【摘要】目的：采用MR基于体素的形态学测量（VBM）技术,探讨椎间盘源性下腰痛患者大脑灰质体积的变化。方法：2016年5月-10月对本院22例椎间盘源性下腰痛患者和22例健康志愿者行3.0T MRI扫描,扫描序列包括T1WI、T2WI和三维快速扰相梯度回波序列T1WI,经图像后处理及统计分析,获得两组受试者大脑灰质形态学差异的相关信息。结果：与对照组比较,下腰痛组患者大脑皮层多个脑区灰质体积减少,包括右侧额上回、左侧额内侧回、左侧直回、右侧颞上回、右侧颞中回、右侧岛叶以及右侧额下回（P＜0.001,FWEc校正）;无灰质体积增加的区域。结论：慢性椎间盘源性下腰痛可引起广泛的脑功能区灰质体积的减少,这些脑区主要涉及感觉、认知及情绪,一定程度上揭示了慢性椎间盘源性下腰痛神经系统病变的发生机制。     

轻度Alzheimer患者与正常老年人全脑灰质基于体素的形态学比较

目的 利用基于体素的形态学研究方法比较轻度Alzheimer病（AD）患者和正常老年人全脑灰质的差别。方法 对16例正常志愿者和13例轻度AD患者进行了三维T1WI扫描，数据在参数统计软件包SPM99下进行头颅标准化、分割、平滑的后处理后，对AD组和对照组的全脑灰质进行基于体素的统计学比较。结果 AD组的双侧海马及杏仁核、双侧岛叶、双侧内侧丘脑、双侧直回、右侧颞上回、右侧尾状核、右侧前额叶、右侧前脑基底部和有侧部分枕叶与对照组的灰质密度差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．001），这些区域的体素数目从36个至282个不等。结论 基于体素的形念学研究能够发现AD患者中广泛的大脑灰质的萎缩，从而更加全面地评价AD患者的脑结构改变。     

VBM联合自动分割技术观察早期帕金森病脑灰质结构的形态学改变

目的 联合应用基于体素的形态学(VBM)方法和自动分割技术观察早期帕金森病(PD)患者全脑灰质及皮层下灰质结构的形态改变,探讨其形态改变与PD综合评分量表(UPDRS)评分相关的灰质结构.方法 对27例早期PD患者及26例健康对照行常规头颅MR及3D T1 WI检查,采用VBM方法比较2组脑灰质图像.采用基于自动分割技术的FIRST工具精确自动分割T1图像中皮层下灰质结构,比较2组皮层下灰质结构的体积;采用形状分析比较2组皮层下灰质结构的形状,并分析PD组皮层下灰质结构形状改变的区域与临床UPDRS评分的相关性.结果 与对照组比较,PD组全脑灰质体积未见明显改变;PD组分割出的皮层下灰质结构的体积及形状未见明显改变(P＞0.05);PD组左侧壳核的形状改变与临床UPDRS评分呈负相关(P=0.002、0.018、0.002).结论 VBM方法和FIRST工具的联合应用可较全面且精确地观察PD脑灰质结构的形态学改变;PD患者左侧壳核的形状改变有可能成为临床症状评价的一个客观指标.     

早期帕金森病患者脑灰质结构异常的MRI初步研究

目的:研究早期帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)患者全脑灰质体积异常脑区。方法:采集1.5TMRI高分辨T1WI,运用基于体素的形态学测量技术(voxel-based morphometry,VBM)对15例早期PD患者及15例健康老年人(对照组)的大脑灰质图像进行比较,并对2组数据的灰质体积差异采用国际通用的统计参数图表示。结果:早期PD患者与对照组比较,右侧部分脑区灰质体积萎缩,包括右侧颞叶中下回、枕中回、梭状回;左侧部分脑区体积增加,包括左侧楔叶、舌回、左海马旁回、梭状回、楔前叶及中央前回。结论:VBM方法能较全面、准确、定量地反映早期PD患者存在的脑灰质体积异常区域,为早期PD患者出现复杂的非运动症状提供影像学依据。     

肝豆状核变性患者灰质结构MRI形态学初步研究

目的 :利用基于体素的形态测量学(voxel-based mor phometry,VBM)方法,探讨肝豆状核变性(Wilson’s disease,WD)患者全脑灰质结构变化特点。方法 :采集30例WD患者(WD组)及30例健康志愿者(对照组)的大脑3.0 T MRI高分辨力T1WI图像,通过FSL-VBM软件进行数据预处理后,利用AFNI软件行双样本t检验,比较2组全脑灰质体积差异,运算结果经FDR校正(P=0.001,α0.05)。结果 :WD组与对照组比较,双侧的尾状核、苍白球、丘脑背内侧核、小脑半球、中央前后回、岛叶、额中回,脑桥基底部,左侧的后扣带回及丘脑枕灰质体积萎缩;双侧的岛叶及胼胝体,右侧的颞上回、额上回、红核,左侧的颞中回、额内侧回存在灰质体积增生。结论:WD患者灰质核团及大脑皮层存在广泛灰质体积萎缩,而部分皮层区域及少数灰质核团存在灰质体积增生;灰质异常脑区对解释其临床症状具有重要意义。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.