骶骨骨巨细胞瘤X线、CT及MRI表现

目的分析骶骨骨巨细胞瘤(GCT)的X线、CT和MRI表现特点,探讨三种影像检查方法的临床应用价值。资料与方法 21例骶骨GCT均经手术病理证实,所有病例均行X线、CT和MRI检查,分析骶骨GCT的X线平片、CT、MRI表现特点,将影像学表现与手术病理结果进行对照,并经双盲法分析确认。结果 21例中,X线和CT显示囊性膨胀性骨质破坏18例,溶骨性骨质破坏15例,骨包壳不完整14例,MRI显示骨质破坏10例。X线显示侵犯骶髂关节及髂骨5例,CT显示16例,MRI显示11例。CT平扫显示软组织肿块12例,CT增强显示16例,MRI显示16例,其中巨大囊实性软组织肿块12例,10例可见液平面,病灶周围可见软组织水肿及骨髓水肿。骨质破坏在MR SE T1WI上呈等低信号,T2WI呈等信号。骨包壳在MRI上表现为低信号,X线和CT上表现为硬化环。软组织肿块实性部分在T1WI为等信号,T2WI及短时反转恢复(STIR)呈等高信号。囊性部分在T1WI为低信号,T2WI及STIR呈等高信号。软组织水肿及骨髓水肿在T2WI及STIR呈高信号。CT和MRI增强软组织肿块实性部分明显强化,囊性部分不强化。结论 X线、CT和MRI从不...     

脊索瘤的影像学分析

目的：分析脊索瘤的影像学表现，探讨其影像学诊断价值。资料与方法：收集经手术病理证实的12例脊索瘤，所有病例均摄X线平片，其中CT检查8例，MRI检查4例。结果：骶尾部脊索瘤7例，表现为囊性膨胀性及溶骨性骨质破坏，骨壳完整或不完整，骨破坏区内可见散在分布的斑片状、斑点状钙化，周围可见软组织肿块；颅底部脊索瘤4例，表现为溶骨性膨胀性骨质破坏及软组织肿蚨，内可见囊变、出血及钙化灶；腰椎1例，表现为椎体溶骨性骨质破坏及软组织肿块，内可见斑点状钙化。MRI表现为病变呈不均匀长T1、长T2信号，增强扫描表现为不均匀“蜂窝样”强化。结论：通过影像学检查，并结合临床，大部分脊索瘤术前能够正确诊断；CT较X线平片能够更好的显示病变结构及邻近软组织改变；MRI能够精确显示病变范围及周围血管神经的关系，有助于制定合适的手术方案和预后的估计。     

原发性侵袭性骨母细胞瘤的影像学表现(附3例并文献回顾)

目的 探讨骨原发性侵袭性骨母细胞瘤的影像学表现.方法 对3例经病理证实的原发性侵袭性骨母细胞瘤的临床资料回顾性分析,结合文献报道,对其影像表现进行探讨.3例均摄取X线平片,其中2例同时行CT平扫,1例同时行CT平扫及MR平扫.结果 胫骨2例,肱骨1例.平片及CT均表现为骨端膨胀性骨质破坏,病灶内有钙化或骨化,周围薄壳样硬化带,骨皮质变薄,2例出现局部皮质中断、消失.1例MR平扫表现为与肌肉呈较均匀等T1长T2膨胀性骨质破坏,局部与周围肌肉分界不清,病变周围出现软组织肿块,无骨膜反应.结论 X线平片可作为侵袭性骨母细胞瘤基础性检查手段,结合CT及MR可提高诊断的符合率.     

骨包虫病影像学

目的:探讨骨包虫病的影像学表现及其诊断价值.方法:对5例经手术及病理证实的骨包虫病的X线、CT及MRI表现结合文献进行分析,所有5例均行X线平片及CT检查,4例行MRI检查.结果:骨包虫的骨质破坏表现为特征性的膨胀性、多囊性骨质破坏,其在软组织内的生长方式与肝、肺组织中生长方式基本相同,形成包虫囊肿.结论:影像学对评价骨包虫病具有重要意义,尤其是MRI在显示邻近组织病变中有重要作用.     

人体少见部位包虫病的CT表现

目的：探讨人体少见部位包虫病的CT表现及其诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析经CT诊断及手术病理证实的35例少见部位包虫病的CT表现。结果：所有病例均为囊型包虫病,腹腔包虫21例,心脏包虫1例,肾脏包虫4例,脾脏包虫5例,胫骨包虫1例,髂骨包虫3例,其中合并肝包虫19例、肺包虫4例。囊型包虫病在CT上因病程和病理的不同可表现为单囊型、多子囊型、钙化等;骨包虫CT表现为病骨呈类多房状膨胀性骨质破坏及周围包囊性病灶,内可见子囊及小碎骨片。结论：少见部位包虫病具有一定的特征性CT表现,结合临床流行病学特点可提高诊断准确率。     

骨和累及骨的外周性原始神经外胚层瘤的临床病理与影像学表现

目的探讨骨和累及骨的外周性原始神经外胚层瘤(pPNETs)的临床病理与影像学表现。资料与方法7例中6例有X线检查、2例有CT检查、4例有MR检查,分析其临床病理和影像学特点。结果6例X线片上均呈溶骨性骨质破坏,其中2例病变区存在骨质硬化,5例合并软组织肿块,均未见骨膜反应。2例CT像上均为溶骨性骨质破坏合并软组织肿块形成,软组织内未见钙化或骨化。MRI检查4例中有3例病变在T1WI呈中等信号,1例在T1WI呈低信号,4例在T2WI上均呈中、高信号,信号不均匀,增强扫描呈中度不均匀强化。4例均合并软组织肿块,其中3例有囊变坏死区。结论影像学上骨内病变呈溶骨性破坏,可伴有病变区的骨质硬化而一般无骨膜反应,并伴有较大软组织肿块者应考虑到pPNETs的可能。     

骨恶性间叶瘤的影像学表现(附4例病例报告并文献复习)

目的:探讨骨恶性间叶瘤的影像学表现,以提高影像诊断水平,减少误诊。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的4例骨恶性间叶瘤患者的X线、CT及MRI表现,其中X线平片检查4例,CT和MRI各检查2例。结果:骨恶性间叶瘤的主要影像学表现为:①软组织肿块:形态不规则,直径多>10 cm,边缘清楚或模糊,肿块内有钙化、骨化,CT显示肿块内有脂肪组织,MR T_1WI上肿块呈等、低信号,T_2WI呈混杂高信号,CT增强扫描示肿块不均匀强化;②骨质改变:呈浸润性斑片状骨质破坏,部分破坏边缘有硬化,MR T_1WI呈低信号,T_2WU呈混杂高信号,骨膜反应少见;③骨破坏程度与软组织肿块大小不成比例。结论:骨恶性间叶瘤影像学表现有一定特征,影像检查有助于本病的诊断和鉴别诊断。     

骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学分析

目的 探讨骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学表现，资料与方法 回顾分析经病理证实的骨嗜酸性肉芽肿18例，其中X线平片检查16例，CT检查10例，MRI检查4例。结果 颅骨6例，表现为圆形。类圆形骨质破坏伴颅板内外软组织肿块；脊椎5例，椎体不规则破坏，边缘硬化，楔形变，椎旁软组织肿块。严重者椎体压缩呈盘状；肋骨2例，穿凿样或膨胀性骨质破坏；肩胛骨1例，斑片状骨质破坏伴周围广泛增生，有骨膜反应；股骨4例，膨胀性或溶骨性骨质破坏伴骨膜反应。MRI表现，T1WI呈低或等信号，STIR高信号，增强明显强化，18例中正确诊断12例，诊断准确率66.7%。结论 通过影像学检查，并结合临床，大部分骨嗜酸性肉芽肿术前能够正确诊断。CT较X线平片能更好的显示病变结构及邻近软组织的改变。MRI能够精确显示病变的范围。     

骨外周性原始神经外胚层瘤的影像学表现

目的探讨骨外周性原始神经外胚层瘤(pPNETs)的临床和影像学表现。方法分析10例骨pPNETs的临床和X线、CT及MR影像资料。结果pPNETs多以局部疼痛(9例)伴肿块(7例)为主诉。X线示溶骨性骨质破坏8例，伴有不规则硬化和轻度膨胀的溶骨性骨质破坏1例，未见异常1例；7例见软组织肿块；均未见骨膜反应。7例CT扫描中，边界不清的溶骨性骨质破坏6例。伴有不规则硬化和轻度膨胀的溶骨性骨质破坏1例，均有软组织肿块形成，2例伴有细小的点状钙化，均未见骨膜反应；10例MR扫描中，9例在T1WI呈等信号，1例呈中等偏高信号；在T2WI和短时反转恢复(STIR)序列，8例呈不均匀中、高信号，2例呈均匀高信号；均见明显软组织肿块形成；4个疗程化疗以后，肿瘤有明显缩小。结论骨pPNETs以溶骨性骨质破坏伴明显的软组织肿块、无骨膜反应为主要表现，缺乏特征性，但影像学检查有助于了解病变的范围、治疗措施的制定和治疗效果的评价。     

不规则骨骨巨细胞瘤影像学表现及误诊分析

目的:探讨发生于椎体、骨盆等不规则骨骨巨细胞瘤的X线、CT、MRI表现,提高此类疾病的诊断水平,减少误诊。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的13例不规则骨骨巨细胞瘤患者的影像学表现,其中椎体4例,髂骨3例,耻骨2例,跟骨2例,坐骨及下颌骨各1例。结果:发生于脊柱部位者均累及单个椎体,其余部位均为单侧发病,其中囊性膨胀性改变5例,溶骨性骨质破坏8例,同时伴有软组织肿块4例。结论:不规则骨骨巨细胞瘤表现有一定特点,综合X线、CT、MRI 3种影像学表现有利于定性和鉴别诊断。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）