低场MRI对子宫腺肌症的诊断价值

目的探讨子宫腺肌症的低场（0．35T）MRI影像特点和鉴别诊断价值。方法回顾分析了14例经手术病理证实的子宫腺肌症的影像特征。结果弥漫性子宫腺肌症11例，T2WI结合带弥漫性增厚，厚度12．1～37．4mm，平均15．4mm，其中，8例患者子宫肌层低信号病灶内可见多发斑点状高信号影，典型者呈“飘雪征”，3例患者的病灶呈均匀的低信号；局限性子宫腺肌症3例，结合带局限性增厚或外肌层结合带样信号灶，2例患者T2WI混杂有斑点状高信号。结论子宫腺肌症MRI表现具有明显特征性和鉴别诊断价值。     

恶性滋养细胞肿瘤MRI表现

目的探讨MRI对恶性滋养细胞肿瘤的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析14例经临床手术病理证实的恶性滋养细胞肿瘤患者的MRI表现。结果 MRI表现为子宫不同程度增大,腔内肿块呈混杂信号影,7例肿瘤形态似"蜂窝"状或"葡萄"状,9例在肿块周围、子宫腔内及肌层可见增粗、迂曲流空血管影,6例宫旁两侧可见增多、迂曲血管影,增强扫描后9例病灶分隔及实性部分中度以上强化,其中6例呈早期明显强化,2例囊性病灶中央可见血管样强化的"血湖"状表现,3例显示病灶侵犯、突破浆膜层。结论恶性滋养细胞肿瘤MRI表现具有一定特征性,并可以很好的显示肿瘤侵犯范围,为临床诊断及治疗提供依据。     

胎盘植入的MRI影像学表现

目的：探讨胎盘植入的MRI表现特征。方法：选择12例经临床确诊的胎盘植入患者，均行DWI扫描，其中3例行动态增强扫描，总结其MRI特征。结果：12例子宫不同程度增大、变形，子宫结合带完整性破坏。9例可见子宫肌层局部变薄或不规则破坏，子宫肌层内出现不规则高信号灶，其中7例病灶呈团块状、片条状稍长T₂为主的混杂信号。2例仅累及子宫内膜结合带；8例突入肌层或肌层局部明显变薄；2例基本位于肌层内。3例动态增强扫描胎盘病灶呈明显不均匀强化，内可见结节状、花瓣样强化，边界模糊毛糙，肌层与胎盘分界不清，中晚期可见持续明显强化，其中2例胎盘下可见强化迂曲血管影。DWI序列8例呈较明显高信号。结论：胎盘植入的MRI表现具有特征性，能明确诊断胎盘植入及判定肌层侵入深度，动态增强扫描有利于明确其血供及鉴别诊断，DWI序列可显示炎症，对胎盘植入有较高的诊断价值。     

胎盘植入的MRI表现

目的 :探讨胎盘植入的MRI表现特征。方法 :选择12例经临床确诊的胎盘植入患者,均行DWI扫描,其中3例行动态增强扫描,总结其MRI特征。结果:12例子宫不同程度增大、变形,子宫结合带完整性破坏。9例可见子宫肌层局部变薄或不规则破坏,子宫肌层内出现不规则高信号灶,其中7例病灶呈团块状、片条状稍长T2为主的混杂信号。2例仅累及子宫内膜结合带;8例突入肌层或肌层局部明显变薄;2例基本位于肌层内。3例动态增强扫描胎盘病灶呈明显不均匀强化,内可见结节状、花瓣样强化,边界模糊毛糙,肌层与胎盘分界不清,中晚期可见持续明显强化,其中2例胎盘下可见强化迂曲血管影。DWI序列8例呈较明显高信号。结论:胎盘植入的MRI表现具有特征性,能明确诊断胎盘植入及判定肌层侵入深度,动态增强扫描有利于明确其血供及鉴别诊断,DWI序列可显示炎症,对胎盘植入有较高的诊断价值。     

子宫腺肌症的MRI表现

目的:探讨子宫腺肌症的MRI特征性表现,评价MRI对其诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析25例经病理证实的子宫腺肌症的MRI表现。结果:25例子宫体部均不同程度增大,其中弥漫性子宫腺肌症11例,T2WI显示子宫结合带弥漫性增厚,且厚度均大于12mm,其中9例T2WI显示病灶内可见散在小囊状高信号;局限性子宫腺肌症14例,T2WI表现为子宫体出现与结合带信号相近的低信号肿块,多发生于子宫后壁,边界不清,且信号欠均匀,其中12例T2WI显示病灶内可见散在点状高信号,病理证实小囊状高信号为异位的内膜岛。小囊状高信号为子宫腺肌症的特征性表现,也是其与子宫肌瘤的重要鉴别点之一。结论:子宫腺肌症的MRI表现具有特征性,对子宫腺肌症有重要诊断价值。     

早期胎盘植入的MRI表现

目的 探讨早期妊娠胎盘植入的MRI表现.资料与方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实为早期胎盘植入的18例患者的MRI表现.结果 18例中术前16例MRI诊断为胎盘植入,1例诊断为不除外胎盘植入,1例诊断未见明显异常,MRI诊断准确率为89％.MRI上16例表现为子宫不同程度增大,子宫结合带完整性破坏,肌层局部变薄或不规则破坏,T2WI低信号的子宫肌壁内出现高信号灶,11例病灶内见混杂信号影.2例仅累及子宫结合带,11例突入肌层或肌层局部明显变薄,5例基本位于肌层内.增强扫描示16例病灶呈不均匀强化、边缘强化明显,14例病灶内见结节样、花瓣样强化,7例坏死区不强化,16例增强中晚期持续明显强化.扩散加权成像(DWI)上4例病灶呈明显高信号.结论 早期妊娠胎盘植入MRI主要表现为子宫内膜及结合带不完整,肌层局部变薄或不规则破坏,T2WI低信号的子宫肌内出现高信号灶.     

子宫腺肌症MRI诊断

目的总结子宫腺肌症的MRI表现及其诊断价值。方法对23例经病理证实的子宫腺肌症的MRI资料进行回顾性分析。结果弥漫型子宫腺肌症10例,结合带弥漫性均匀或不均匀增宽,内均可见斑点状等T1长T2信号影,其中4例还可见斑点状短T1信号影;局限型腺肌症13例,结合带局限性增宽,11例可见斑点状等、短T1长T2信号影,2例信号均匀。3例行增强检查,病灶强化程度同结合带相近,强化不均匀,内可见斑点状低强化区。结论 MRI具有较高的定位、定性价值,为临床医生选择治疗方案提供重要参考。     

胎盘植入的MRI诊断价值

目的：探讨胎盘植入的MRI表现特征及诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析经临床证实的胎盘植入患者19例,均行常规MRI扫描,7例行动态增强扫描,3例行DWI扫描,总结其MRI图像特点及诊断价值。结果：19例患者,年龄22～37岁,平均31.8岁。MRI表现：子宫不同程度增大。子宫内膜结合带完整性破坏,多渐行性变薄至消失,边界光整。病灶内见混杂信号团块影。病灶累及仅子宫内膜结合带4例,突入肌层或肌层局部明显变薄12例,基本位于肌层内3例。动态增强,病灶不均匀强化,边缘强化明显,类似＂花环或花瓣样＂强化,坏死区不强化,动态增强特点是中晚期持续明显强化。DWI部分病灶呈明显高信号。结论：MRI能明确诊断胎盘植入及判断肌层侵入情况,动态增强有利于明确血供及鉴别诊断,弥散可反应炎症存在。     

产后胎盘植入的MRI表现及诊断价值

目的探讨胎盘植入的MRI表现特征及诊断价值。方法回顾性分析10例经病理或临床证实的产后植入性胎盘患者资料(年龄20～33岁,平均27.6岁)。10例均行常规MRI,7例行增强扫描。总结其MRI特点及诊断价值。结果 10例中,MRI确诊9例,误诊1例。MRI表现为:子宫体积不同程度增大;子宫肌层内层结合带完整性破坏,局部模糊甚至中断。子宫内见混杂信号团块影,孕龄短的胎盘表现为单纯的团块状结构,孕龄长的胎盘具有特征性的叶状、结节状结构。以子宫肌层为对照,T1WI病灶表现为等低信号,与宫壁分界欠清,T2WI表现为混杂的明显高信号,内可见条状及点状低信号,病灶突入肌层,肌层局部明显变薄,其中接近浆膜层者7例,基本在肌层内3例。增强扫描病灶呈不均匀明显强化,类似"花瓣"样,边缘呈较高信号而中央呈稍低信号,其强化程度基本等同于子宫肌层,坏死区无强化,有时表现为"裂隙"状。结论 MRI能明确诊断胎盘植入及判断肌层侵入的大致程度,是显示胎盘植入的辅助诊断工具之一。     

恶性滋养细胞肿瘤的超声及MRI诊断价值

目的：探讨超声及MRI检查在恶性滋养细胞肿瘤的诊断价值,提高对本病的认识。方法：搜集经临床病理及随访证实的恶性滋养细胞肿瘤24例,其中侵蚀性葡萄胎21例,绒毛膜癌3例。年龄21—52岁,平均37．3岁。回顾性分析其超声及MRI表现特点。结果：24例中,超声均显示子宫不同程度增大,内膜毛糙及不规则增厚21例;侵犯肌层,回声不均匀15例;宫腔内呈“蜂窝征”或“雪花征”回声14例,宫旁侵犯2例。MIU亦均显示子宫不同程度增大;21例内膜完整性破坏,肌层不规则增厚;官腔内信号较混杂,在T2WI及STIR序列呈高、低混杂的“蜂窝征”或“葡萄串征”,未侵犯肌层3例;宫旁侵犯而显示盆腔内肿块形成5例;5例动态增强后部分病灶早期强化。结论：超声、临床表现及血HCG三者结合可明确诊断;MRI有利观察肌层、宫旁侵犯,可为手术提供清晰的解剖图示。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.