胎儿肾脏积水的MR影像及预后评估

目的利用1．5T高场强扫描机,对胎儿肾脏积水的MR影像及预后进行评估。方法利用B超筛查发现胎儿肾脏积水并进行MR进一步检查的病例34例,胎龄24～37周。结果在34例胎儿中,MR诊断单侧重复肾伴上半肾积水3例（1例产后MR证实,2例引产）,盆腔内囊性病灶致双侧肾脏积水2例（1例产后证实为盆腔巨大畸胎瘤致双肾积水,1例失访）,脑室扩张且单侧肾脏积水2例（1例引产,1例失访）,双侧’肾脏及输尿管扩张积水且肺发育不良1例（产后MR证实,放弃治疗）,双侧肾脏积水伴脐膨出1例（产后证实为脐肠瘘并行手术治疗,双侧肾脏积水随访改善）,双侧肾脏积水伴左肾周积液1例（引产）,单纯性肾脏积水24例（产后确诊左侧UPJ进行手术3例,左侧肾脏积水随访中2例,6例左侧、2例右侧及5例双侧肾脏积水产后超声随访正常,失访6例）;产后确诊UPJ的3例胎儿肾脏皮质厚度平均2mm,随访正常的13例胎儿肾脏皮质厚度平均3．5mm。结论MR影像能够对胎儿肾脏积水的病因进一步评估,有利于胎儿肾脏积水的预后判断。     

胎儿泌尿系统畸形的MRI诊断价值

目的:探讨胎儿泌尿系统畸形的MR诊断价值。方法:对26例泌尿系统畸形的胎儿MR影像(结合超声诊断以及部分产后结果)资料回顾性分析。结果:多囊性病变7例,肾脏积水11例,肾不发育或重度发育不良6例(单侧肾不发育4例,双侧肾不发育及重度发育不良各1例),脐尿管囊肿1例,盆腔异位肾1例。结论:MR作为产前超声的重要补充检查手段,可以不受羊水量的影响,对胎儿提供多方位的全面检查,在胎儿泌尿系统畸形中具有较高的临床应用价值。     

胎儿泌尿系统异常的产前超声筛查

目的探讨产前超声筛查对胎儿泌尿系统异常的诊断价值。方法对12428例孕16~39周孕妇进行产前超声筛查,对其中62例泌尿系统异常胎儿进行随访,并见超声检查结果与随访结果相对照。结果 62例泌尿系统异常胎儿中单一部位异常53例,包括肾积水29例、多囊性发育不良肾8例、婴儿型多囊肾2例,成人型多囊肾2例,重复肾1例、单侧异位肾3例、单侧肾缺如2例、马蹄肾1例,肾囊肿4例,巨输尿管1例;2个部位异常9例,包括输尿管狭窄合并肾积水4例、重复肾合并肾积水3例、异位肾合并肾积水2例。62例胎儿中19例选择引产,17例与超声检查一致,43例继续妊娠胎儿出生后,27例肾积水减轻或消退,16例经手术或复查超声与产前超声检查一致。结论超声诊断胎儿泌尿系统异常与随访结果一致性好,产前超声筛查在胎儿泌尿系统异常的诊断中具有重要价值。     

羊水过少胎儿结构和相关畸形的MRI诊断价值

目的:评价磁共振成像(MRI)对羊水过少胎儿结构及相关畸形的诊断价值.方法:34例孕妇,孕龄20～35周.产前常规行超声(US)检查后24～48h内行MR检查,采用二维快速平衡稳态采集(2D FIESTA)序列、单次激发快速自旋回波(SSFSE)序列,行胎儿颅脑胸腹部常规及双肺、双肾重点冠状面、矢状面及横断面扫描,将产前MRI、US表现与出生后影像或引产后尸解对照.通过MRI采用感兴趣区工具(ROI)测量胎儿肺肝信号强度比(LLSIR).结果:34例羊水过少胎儿MRI均能清晰显示其结构,20例存在泌尿系统畸形(其中12例合并肺发育不良),3例只合并双肺发育不良,特发性羊水过少11例.合并肺发育不良共计15例.18例出生,16例引产.除4例引产未尸检外,其余均由出生影像学或引产后尸解证实.结论:MRI是显示羊水过少胎儿结构及相关异常最有效的诊断方法,它能不受羊水过少的影响,清晰显示胎儿结构及相关异常.     

MRI与超声对胎儿中重度肾积水的诊断价值对照

【摘要】目的：探讨MRI及超声对胎儿中重度肾积水的诊断价值。方法：搜集21例经产前超声和MRI检查诊断为中重度肾积水胎儿的临床、影像及随访资料,将产前超声及MRI检查结果与产后随访结果或手术结果进行对照分析。结果：21例中,2例引产后经尸检证实;19例活胎娩出,其中16例经手术病理证实,余3例随访证实。产前超声诊断为中重度肾积水19例,腹腔内无回声1例,羊水过少1例。21例产前MRI均诊断为中重度肾积水。在中重度肾积水的原因判断中,超声检出正确9例,MRI检出正确15例。结论：产前超声可用于胎儿肾积水的筛查,而MRI能进一步明确肾积水的病因和严重程度,弥补超声检查的不足。     

产前超声及磁共振成像在胎儿肺隔离症诊断中的价值探讨

目的 探讨超声及MRI诊断胎儿肺隔离症的临床应用价值.方法 对12例产前超声怀疑胎儿肺隔离症者,24h内进行MRI检查,诊断结果均经尸检病理及产后随访证实.对12例胎儿的超声和MRI图像资料进行分析,并与随访结果对照.结果 产前超声诊断的12例胎儿肺隔离症,超声诊断符合率83.3％,误诊2例,（1例为隔疝,1例为肺囊腺瘤）;产前MRI检查诊断准确率为91.7％,误诊1例（隔离肺误诊为腹腔肿瘤）.结论 产前超声检查是诊断胎儿肺隔离症主要筛选方法,MRI可以作为胎儿超声检查的重要补充,二者联合应用,可进一步提高该病的诊断率.     

3.0TMRI诊断胎儿骶尾部畸胎瘤

【摘要】目的：探讨3.0TMRI对胎儿骶尾部畸胎瘤诊断价值。方法：分析17例胎儿骶尾部畸胎瘤产前超声、MRI及术后病理、随访资料。产前超声检查后48h内行MRI检查。T2WI采用半傅立叶单次激发快速自旋回波（HASTE）序列及真稳态进动快速成像（true-FISP）序列，T1WI采用二维快速小角度激发（FLASH）序列，行胎儿骶尾部冠状面、矢状面及横断面扫描。将产前MRI、超声表现与出生后影像、手术或引产胎儿尸检结果对照分析。结果：17例胎儿骶尾部畸胎瘤产前MRI表现：囊性肿块4例、囊实性肿块11例，实性肿块2例；畸胎瘤Ⅰ型5例、Ⅱ型7例、Ⅳ型5例；12例出现邻近组织受压性改变，7例显示可疑椎体破坏。17例中4例行产后手术，产后复查CT与产前MRI结果基本一致，术后均证实为成熟性畸胎瘤。13例引产后经病理证实为非成熟性畸胎瘤4例，成熟性畸胎瘤9例。结论：产前MRI检查可直观显示胎儿骶尾部畸胎瘤解剖结构，为产前临床处理方案提供精准影像依据。     

MRI对胎儿结节性硬化症的诊断价值

【摘要】目的：评价MRI对胎儿结节性硬化症的诊断价值。方法：25例孕妇,24～39岁,平均26.4岁;孕龄22.3～35.0周,平均24.6周,产前超声发现胎儿心脏横纹肌瘤或其他畸形行MRI检查,将产前MRI诊断与出生后随访或引产后尸检结果对照,评估MRI对胎儿结节性硬化症的诊断价值。结果：25例孕妇,超声筛查发现心脏横纹肌瘤24例,腹裂1例,行MRI检查,产前MRI发现室管膜下结节6例,脑皮质结节3例,室管膜下结节伴皮质结节1例,室管膜下结节伴心脏横纹肌瘤8例,心脏横纹肌瘤2例,5例未发现阳性征象,18例产前诊断为结节性硬化症,均由出生后随访或引产后尸检证实,1例产前MRI诊断为心脏横纹肌瘤,产后诊断为TSC。结论：MRI对超声难以检出的胎儿脑内室管膜下及皮质下结节敏感,对结节性硬化病的产前诊断具有重要价值。     

胎儿冠状椎体裂的影像学表现及转归分析

目的:探讨胎儿冠状椎体裂的影像学表现,评价MRI及超声对胎儿冠状椎体裂诊断的效能,分析胎儿冠状椎体裂的转归。方法:回顾性收集2019年9月至2021年6月山东大学附属山东省立医院产前超声疑诊椎体畸形且行MR检查诊断为冠状椎体裂胎儿40例,排除5例引产和14例失访胎儿,最终纳入21例产后行MRI复查的胎儿,孕周为25~3...     

双胎胎儿畸形的磁共振诊断

目的:评价MRI对胎儿双胎和双胎畸形的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析经引产或手术证实的5例双胎产前磁共振成像,并将产前MRI、产前超声(US)结果与引产后或出生后随访结果对照.结果:5例双胎中,产前MRI诊断连体双胎1例,双胎四肢短肢畸形1例,双胎小肠狭窄1例,双胎一胎无心无脑畸形1例,双胎一胎无脑畸形1例.结论:MRI能较好的诊断胎儿双胎及双胎畸形,由于其大视野,较好的软组织对比度,且不受羊水量多少、孕妇体型、胎儿位置、胎儿颅骨及母体骨盆骨骼等因素影响.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）