Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis using posterolateral approach for distal tibial and tibial shaft fractures

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the posterolateral minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) method for managing distal tibial or tibial shaft fractures with severe anterior and medial soft tissue injuries.Materials and methodsFive consecutive patients with three distal tibial and two tibial shaft fractures (three open fractures) at a level-1 trauma and tertiary referral center were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were definitively treated and followed to bone union. Main outcome was measured by American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle–hindfoot score, complications, and bone union on radiographs.ResultsThe average follow-up period was 15.8 months (range, 12–24 months). The average AOFAS score was 88.2 (range, 81–90). There were no complications, such as incision breakdown, deep infection, or impingement of the flexor hallucis longus tendon. Bone union was achieved in all cases.ConclusionsPosterolateral MIPO is a feasible option when treating these fractures, especially in cases with severe anterior and medial soft tissue injuries.     

锁定钢板微创内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折

2007年1月～2008年4月,笔者采用锁定钢板（LCP）内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折30例,效果良好。     

Percutaneous plate fixation of fractures of the distal tibia

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) of the distal tibia offers several theoretical advantages compared to classic open reduction and internal fixation. A mechanically stable fracture-bridging osteosynthesis can be obtained without significant dissection and surgical trauma to the bone and surrounding soft tissues. In this retrospective study we looked at the results and complications in ten consecutive patients treated with percutaneous plating for fractures of the distal tibia and plafond with a minimum follow-up period of one year. No significant soft tissue problems occurred. The need for bone grafting should be carefully evaluated in every case as we encountered two delayed unions. All fractures healed within one year; there was no fracture malunion. The use of indirect reduction techniques and small incisions to insert hardware is technically more demanding and requires strict radioscopic control throughout the procedure, but it considerably decreases surgical trauma to the soft tissues.     

后外侧入路内固定治疗胫腓骨远端开放性骨折合并皮肤软组织缺损

[目的]探讨后外侧入路切开复位内固定治疗开放性胫腓骨远端骨折的优缺点。[方法]对22例胫腓骨远端开放性骨折后外侧入路切开复位内固定术后效果做回顾性分析。[结果]所有患者骨折均顺利愈合，无感染等并发症发生，踝关节功能良好。[结论]后外侧入路切开复位内固定治疗胫腓骨远端开放性骨折有其独特的优点。     

Minimally invasive percutaneous plate fixation of distal tibia fractures

We report a series of 42 patients reviewed at a mean of 19.6 months after treatment of distal tibial and pilon fractures using the AO distal tibia locking plate with a minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) technique. Mean time to union was 22.4 weeks. All fractures united with acceptable alignment and angulation. Two cases of superficial infection were noted, with one case of deep infection. Mean SF36 score was 85 and mean AOFAS score was 90 at a mean of 19 months follow-up. We report satisfactory outcomes with the use of the AO distal tibia locking plate in treatment of unstable distal tibial fractures. Eighty-nine percent of the patients felt that they were back to their pre injury status and 95% back to their previous employment.     

解剖型钢板治疗胫骨远端骨折

胫腓骨骨折发生率很高,约占长骨骨折的10％。胫腓骨远端骨折在胫腓骨骨折中最为常见,由于涉及干骺端的骨折,髓内钉治疗有其局限性。2002年3月～2003年7月,笔者采用解剖型钢板治疗胫骨远端骨折12例,取得了良好疗效。     

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of distal fractures of the tibia

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of distal tibial fractures is technically feasible and may be advantageous in that it minimizes soft tissue compromise and devascularization of the fracture fragments. The technique involves open reduction and internal fixation of the associated fibular fracture when present, followed by temporary external fixation of the tibia until swelling has resolved. Subsequent limited, but open reduction and internal fixation of the articular fragments when displaced followed by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of the tibia utilizing precontoured tubular plates and percutaneously placed cortical screws is performed. The semitubular plate was chosen because it adapts more easily to the bone contours than the stiffer small fragment LC-DCP does. Twenty patients (age 25-59 years) with unstable intraarticular or open extraarticular fractures have been treated including 12 A-type, 1 B-type and 7 C-type fractures according to the AO classification. Two fractures were open (both Gustilo Type I). Closed soft tissue injury was graded according to Tscherne with 3 type C0, 7 type C1, 7 type C2 and 1 type C3. All fractures healed without the need for a second operation. Time to full weight-bearing averaged 10.7 weeks (range 8-16 weeks). Two fractures healed with > 5 degrees varus alignment and 2 fractures healed with > 10 degrees recurvatum. No patient had a deep infection. The average range of motion in the ankle for dorsiflexion was 14 degrees (range 0-30 degrees) and plantar flexion averaged 42 degrees (range 20-50 degrees). With longer follow-up and a larger number of patients, the authors feel confident that the minimally invasive technique for plate osteosynthesis for the treatment of distal tibial fractures will prove to be a feasible and worthwhile method of stabilization while avoiding the severe complications associated with the more standard methods of internal or external fixation of those fractures.     

微创经皮钢板内固定治疗胫骨远段骨折

目的比较微创经皮钢板内固定(minimallyinvasivepercutaneousplateosteosynthesis,MIPPO)与传统切开钢板内固定治疗胫骨远段骨折的临床疗效。方法采用前瞻性研究,将1998年10月～2002年5月收治的42例胫骨远段骨折患者随机分为两组,两组条件均衡。其中一组按AO操作原则及规范行切开复位有限接触加压钢板(LC-DCP)内固定(传统切开组),另一组采用微创经皮钢板内固定(MIPPO组)。对两组的手术过程及结果进行比较。结果全部病例随访12～24个月,平均18.1个月。MIPPO组术后平均发热时间和住院天数分别为3.4d和8.7 d,与传统切开组比较差异有显著性(t值分别为2.17和2.09,P<0.05);MIPPO组手术耗时1.7 h,骨折愈合时间为11.9周,与传统切开组比较差异无显著性(t值分别为1.83和1.73,P>0.05)。MIPPO组无骨折延迟愈合及不愈合,无感染及内固定失败等并发症。结论微创经皮钢板内固定术治疗胫骨远段骨折损伤小、恢复快、并发症少、符合美学要求,是一种疗效较好的生物学固定方法。     

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of distal radius fractures using a pronator sparing approach

Volar locking plates for fractures of the distal radius are a common option of care in many centers. Currently, these plates are placed through a standard approach, such as the flexor carpi radialis interval. However, in our opinion, the use of conventional plate application techniques is associated with more soft tissue dissection than is necessary for these new plates. This may contribute to postoperative pain and also to scarring, which may impede the range of motion. To avoid this, dorsal plates have been developed that can be inserted percutaneously. Historically, dorsal plating of the distal radius has been associated with increased morbidity relative to volar plates due to soft tissue depth. This article discusses a single surgeon's technique for insertion of volar locking plates through minimal incisions with sparing of the soft tissues.     

经Carlson后外侧入路T形锁定钢板治疗单纯胫骨平台后外侧骨折

[目的]分析采用Carlson后外侧入路T形锁定钢板治疗胫骨平台后外侧骨折的临床疗效。[方法] 2014年12月～2016年12月收治36例胫骨平台后外侧骨折患者,年龄21～56岁,平均(36.13±13.45)岁。均为闭合性骨折。采用Carlson后外侧入路T形锁定钢板内固定治疗。术后3个月及随访终末根据美国特种外科医院(HSS)评分标准评价膝关节功能。[结果]所有患者顺利手术,手术用时90～120 min,平均(101.36±15.21) min;切口长度10～12.5 cm,平均(11.34±1.02) cm;住院时间5～14 d,平均(8.25±2.12) d,无神经损伤、大出血、伤口感染、伤口延迟愈合等严重早期并发症。所有患者随访12～36个月,平均(19.52±12.44)个月。HSS膝关节功能评分由术后3个月的(72.44±12.16)分增加至末次随访时(83.69±7.46)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。所有的患者骨折均临床愈合,未出现骨折延迟愈合、畸形愈合、内固定松动断裂等并发症。至末次随访,膝关节功能基本恢复正常,按HSS膝关节功能评分,临床结果评定为优21例,良13例,可2例,差0例,优良率94.44%。[结论]对于胫骨平台后外侧骨折,采用Carlson后外侧入路应用T形锁定钢板内固定治疗可以获得令人满意的临床疗效。     

Salvage of distal tibia metaphyseal nonunions with the 90 degrees cannulated blade plate

Nonunion of distal tibia metaphyseal fractures after trauma is a major problem. Treating these nonunions is made more challenging by the presence of symptomatic ipsilateral tibiotalar arthrosis. The current study examined the use of the 90 degrees cannulated blade plate as an alternative method of stable internal fixation for 13 distal tibia metaphyseal nonunions and simultaneous fusion of three arthritic tibiotalar joints in 13 patients (seven males and six females) with an average age of 42.4 years (range, 21-73 years). Each patient had an average of three prior procedures (range, 2-6). Patients were followed up for an average of 34.2 months (range, 24-55 months). All 13 patients achieved radiographic and clinical union an average of 15.6 weeks (range, 12-20 weeks) from the date of the definitive procedure. There were two broken screws, but no secondary procedures were required to obtain fusion. All patients were ambulatory without support at the last followup. The implant proved effective for stable internal fixation of distal tibia metaphyseal nonunions alone or with simultaneous fusion of the tibiotalar joint.     

胫骨远端内侧钢板治疗胫骨远端骨折

目的 探讨胫骨远端内侧钢板治疗胫骨远端骨折的疗效.方法 60例胫骨远端骨折患者,采用胫骨远端内侧钢板固定治疗,术后早期功能锻炼.结果 58例获得随访,时间6～36个月.骨折愈合时间3～17个月.参照Tormetta评分标准评定:优38例,良15例,可3例,差2例,优良率为91.4%.结论 胫骨远端内侧钢板治疗胫骨远端骨折,手术效果满意,术后早期循序渐进功能锻炼,患肢功能恢复理想.     

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of distal tibial fracture using a posterolateral approach: a cadaveric study and preliminary report

Purpose

The aims of this anatomical study were to evaluate the feasibility of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) using a posterolateral approach in distal tibial fractures and to study the relationship between neurovascular structures and the plate.

Methods

Two separate incisions, one proximal and one distal, were made on the posterolateral aspect of ten cadaveric legs in the prone position. A 14-hole contralateral anterolateral distal tibial locking plate was inserted into the submuscular tunnel using a posterolateral approach, and one screw was fixed on each side of the proximal and distal tibia. The MIPO tunnel was then explored to identify the relationship between neurovascular bundles and plate.

Results

For the proximal incision, retraction of the flexor hallucis longus and the tibialis posterior muscles medially was very important because it could protect the posterior tibial artery and the tibial nerve during plating. The sural nerve and lesser saphenous vein were easily identified and retracted in the superficial layer of the distal incision. In addition, we achieved satisfactory outcomes after using this MIPO technique in one patient.

Conclusion

Based on the results of our study, it seems that using the MIPO technique through a posterolateral approach should be a reasonable and safe treatment option for distal tibial fractures, especially when the anterior soft tissue is compromised. However, studies with a higher level of evidence should be done in more patients to confirm the clinical safety of using this technique.     

Wound complication of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis in distal tibia fractures

Nowadays, the use of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) in the management of fracture of the distal tibia is common. The various advantages of the MIPO technique, namely, preserving blood supply and better bone healing, have been described extensively in the literature. However, this technique is not without complication. Among all the complications, infection is one of the commonest. In the last 3 years, we have performed 48 cases of MIPO in treating distal tibia fractures. Our study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of these cases, with special attention to the infection rate and our experience in managing these infection cases. Our results showed that the average time until the patient started to bear full weight was 9.4 weeks. The average time for bony union was 18.7 weeks. There were 7 cases of late infection among these 48 cases. The rate was 15%. The presence of late infection had no obvious effect on the time to bony union. Twenty-five patients (52%) had the implants removed and the most common reason was skin impingement by the implant. The clinical presentation and management of these late infections are discussed. In conclusion, MIPO fixation of distal tibia fractures using a metaphyseal locking plate is safe and efficient. However, complications such as late wound infection and impingement are relatively common. The overall clinical outcome is still good despite the presence of these complications.     

经后外侧入路支持钢板固定治疗后踝骨折

2012年1月～2013年5月,我科应用桡骨远端 T 形钢板经后外侧入路固定后踝、结合内外踝切开复位内固定治疗15例三踝骨折患者,疗效满意,现报道如下。     

改良肩后外侧入路治疗肩胛骨骨折的疗效分析

肩胛骨骨折临床上相对少见，占全身骨折的0．1％～0．2％，多由高能量直接暴力所致，常为粉碎性错位。传统的后外侧入路手术剥离多、血供影响大、术后制动时间长、粘连广泛、影响骨折愈合及患肢功能恢复。我院2002年1月-2006年2月采用改良肩后外侧入路治疗明显移位的不稳定性肩胛骨骨折15例，取得满意疗效。[第一段]     

应用解剖型钢板治疗胫骨远段骨折的初步体会

目的讨论应用解剖型钢板治疗胫骨远段骨折的初步体会,探讨对该型骨折治疗的新型而有效的内固定方式。方法自2000年11月至2001年9月,我科选用Link胫骨远端解剖型钢板治疗累及干骺端的胫骨远1/3段骨折12例。其中,男8例,女4例;年龄18～66岁,平均38岁;12例均为高能量损伤,合并同侧腓骨骨折;按AO/ASIF分型:A1型3例,A2型5例,A3型3例,B1型1例;3例为闭合性骨折,5例为IO1型开放骨折,4例为IO2型开放性骨折。结果12例伤口均达一期愈合,无伤口感染、钢板外露等并发症发生。术后2～3周开始见骨痂生长,骨愈合期为3～6个月,平均4个月,无骨延迟愈合或不愈合等并发症发生,踝关节活动度完全恢复。结论胫骨远端解剖型钢板无论在生物力学或生物学方面均优越于传统钢板,是治疗胫骨远段骨折的最佳选择之一。