Spinal cord injury computer-assisted instruction for medical students

OBJECTIVE: To determine if a computer-assisted instruction program would improve fourth-year medical students' knowledge base related to spinal cord injury, as determined by pretest and posttest scores. DESIGN: A multimedia computer-assisted instruction program was developed and offered on a volunteer basis to an entire class of fourth-year medical students (n = 168). Effectiveness of the instructional content was evaluated with pretests and posttests, and overall user satisfaction with the module was assessed with the courseware evaluation. RESULTS: The responses yielded 83 sets of completed pretest and posttest pairs and 80 sets of fully completed courseware evaluations. Mean posttest score was significantly higher than the mean pretest score (pretest, 6.65 +/- 1.44, vs. posttest, 7.36 +/- 1.38; df = 82, t = -4.74, P < 0.001). Courseware evaluations yielded positive ratings in all areas, including applicability and usability. CONCLUSIONS: The significantly increased posttest scores suggest that the students left the program with an expanded knowledge base in the content areas of spinal cord injury medicine covered in the computer-assisted instruction program.     

Relationship of anxiety level and recall of information to the interval between orientation and first patient care day

Sophomore students' responses to two different intervals between orientation and first clinical day in medical/surgical nursing were examined. Variables studied were anxiety state and ability to recall information which had been presented. Prior to orientation all students were given the Spielberger STAI-S and STAI-T anxiety scales. At the beginning of the first laboratory session the students completed the STAI-S scale and a teacher-made quiz on information presented in orientation. Students in Group I (n = 51) had their first laboratory one week after orientation. Group II (n = 39) had their first laboratory the day following orientation. There was no significant difference between the two groups on cumulative grade point average, beginning STAI-T or STAI-S. Likewise, there was no significant difference between the scores made on the quiz. (The validity and reliability of the quiz were not determined.) There was a significant difference between the two groups on changes in state anxiety from orientation to the first laboratory. Group I (laboratory one week after orientation) was more anxious than Group II (laboratory one day after orientation) (p = 0.024). Both groups were significantly more anxious in the Spring than Fall quarter (p = 0.034). It was concluded that anxiety related to a new clinical experience might be lessened if the first clinical day closely followed orientation. It was also noted that students may be more anxious in the Spring than in the Fall of the year.     

Video-based self-assessment: Implementation and evaluation in an undergraduate nursing course

This research was performed to investigate the effects of video-based self-assessment on the ability of nursing students to accurately measure vital signs, their communication skills, and their satisfaction. This research was conducted between March 2007 and June 2007 as a quasi-experimental control-group, pretest–posttest design. The study population was composed of 40 second-year student nurses who enrolled in a fundamentals of nursing course of a college of nursing, Ajou University in Korea. Results of the research indicate that there was a statistically significant difference in exam scores for assessing long-term memory video-review group demonstrating higher scores. Student satisfaction was also significantly higher in the video-review group than in the control group. These results may suggest video-based self-assessment is a beneficial and effective instructional method of training undergraduate nursing students to develop awareness of their strengths and weaknesses, and to improve their clinical and communication skills.     

精神科护士心理健康状况调查分析

目的:了解精神科护士心理健康状况及影响因素。方法:采用SCL-90症状自评量表对30名精神科护士及综合医院的护士进行调查,进行对照分析。结果:精神科护士只有敌对因子分高于国内常模(P<0.01)。精神科护士在总分、躯体化、强迫症状、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对7项因子分高于内科护士(P<0.01)。结论:精神科护士心理健康状况高于一般人群,但与综合医护护士比较不容乐观,应采取有效措施予以疏导、调整。     

Effects of a nursing education intervention on parents' knowledge of hydrocephalus and shunts.

The purpose of this nursing intervention study, which used a pre- and posttest design, was to determine the effect of an education program on parents' knowledge of hydrocephalus and shunt dynamics in a sample of parents of children with hydrocephalus. Study participants were parents of hydrocephalic children treated with an initial shunt or a shunt revision. The convenience sample of 41 subjects was divided into two groups (A or B). Group A participants were parents whose child received an initial shunt. Group B participants were parents whose child was admitted for a shunt revision. The shunt education intervention had three components: a shunt handbook, a preoperative teaching session with the clinical nurse specialist and a subsequent reinforcement teaching session. The pre- and posttest were the same seven multiple choice questions on hydrocephalus and shunts. In both groups, the pretest was given before the shunt education intervention. The posttest was given 2-3 weeks after the patient's surgery. There was a statistically significant change in the scores from the pre- and posttests for Group A (p = 0.0092). The nursing education appeared to have a positive effect upon this group's knowledge of hydrocephalus and shunts.     

Tracking the development of professional values in undergraduate nursing students

In the current nursing shortage, nurses are frequently making significant patient care decisions concerning value-laden clinical issues. A program evaluation study was conducted to track professional values over time from entry into a baccalaureate program to graduation. Nursing students completed a survey measuring professional values upon entry into and exit from the program. Comparative analysis of pretest and posttest group means demonstrated statistically significant increases in total scores. The highest pretest value items were also the highest on the posttest, with the addition of patient advocacy. Patient advocacy jumped 16 places from pretest to posttest to become the highest-ranked statement upon exit from the program. All of the values rated as least valued at pretest remained least valued at posttest; however, the means of all but two (participating in nursing research and providing consumer education about products/services) increased significantly. The value statements with mean scores that increased significantly centered on aspects of nursing practice less visible to the lay public and involving interaction with other health care providers.     

Randomized crossover trial studying the effect of music on examination anxiety

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of lento music on examination anxiety among nursing students. A randomized crossover classroom-based trial was conducted. Thirty-eight students with a mean age of 19.4 years (SD = .54) were randomly assigned to either a music/silence or a silence/music group sequence. The students in the music group were given a 40-min group-based music intervention in a classroom, whereas the students in the silence group received the regular test without music. Using paired t-tests, there were no significant different in pretest scores for state anxiety, examination anxiety, finger temperature and pulse rate between the two conditions. Nonetheless, the findings indicated that music intervention did effectively decrease examination anxiety and state anxiety as well as reducing pulse rate and increasing higher finger temperature (p = 0.05 to 0.001). In addition, significant differences were detected between the pretest and posttest measures for silence (p = 0.001). The results suggest that lento music is effective at anxiety reduction. This study provides evidence for nursing faculty and clinical educators to foster nursing students' mastering over the anxiety of examination by using lento music.     

Anesthetic recovery after ambulatory laparoscopy: a comparison of isoflurane and alfentanil infusion

Women undergoing ambulatory laparoscopy are known to experience a variety of minor postoperative morbidity which prolongs recovery time and delays discharge. The purpose of this study was to investigate general anesthetic recovery of ambulatory laparoscopy patients receiving two rapid-acting, but disparate, anesthetic techniques. Thirty-one ASA I and II patients between 19 and 44 years of age were randomly divided into two groups. Group I received an isoflurane-based anesthetic, and Group II received an alfentanil continuous infusion. Through analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), Group II recovery scores were found to be significantly higher at T0 (p less than .0001), (p less than .0001), T15 (p less than .001), T30 (p less than .01) and T45 (p less than .02). There was no difference between groups at T60, at which time all patients received the maximum score of 10. No other factor besides anesthetic technique significantly affected recovery scores. Group II patients spent an average of 166 minutes (+/- 59 standard deviation) in the recovery room in comparison with 192 minutes (+/- 32 standard deviation) for Group I patients. Despite this finding, an ANCOVA determined that only presence of postoperative vomiting significantly affected recovery room time (p less than .03). Further research is indicated in the endeavor to reduce postoperative morbidity of this patient population.     

A study on the effect of waiting time for operations in the operating room on preoperative patients

This study was attempted to provide us with basic information on how to improve understanding with patients for operation, and to offer them better nursing and treatment. This kind of study will help scientific application to nursing practice and operating room. The data was collected by interviewing 29 patients who underwent the elective surgery under the general anesthesia at Y hospital in Seoul. The interview ran from October 15 to December 15, 1989. The research instrument was a anxiety measurement device (SAAI) originally developed by Spielberger, et al and modified by Jung-Tack Kim. 1. Hypothesis Testing Hypothesis one was that there would be a difference in state anxiety level according to a time difference in waiting for operation. This hypothesis was rejected (state anxiety level one hour before operation P greater than .05, r = .747, State anxiety level half an hour before operation P greater than .05, r = .1550, state anxiety level just before operation, P greater than .05, r = .1099). However, state anxiety level appeared to be associated with a longer waiting period, like one day before operation (P less than .05, r = .4628). Hypothesis two was that there would be a difference according to state anxiety level of patients for operation. This was rejected. (Change of blood pressure in systolic P greater than .05, r = -.1082. Change of blood pressure in diastolic P greater than .05, r = -.088, Change of pulse rate, P less than .05, r = 1.909) 2. Examining trait anxiety and state anxiety levels, the average level of trait anxiety was 42.034, and the average level of state anxiety one day before operation was 43,000. The average level of state anxiety was averaged 42.356 in a waiting room for operation. 3. Examining the state anxiety level by time period, the level one hour before was 42.379, the level half an hour before 42.276, and the level just before operation 42.414. The low level of state anxiety was due to the fact that premedication was not eliminated. 4. Age and time period like one day before operation was related to state anxiety level (F = 5.271, P less than .001) and blood pressure in waiting room for operation. That is, state anxiety level and blood pressure of patients one day before operation appeared high. Sex was related to changes of blood pressure; the blood pressure of male patients appeared higher than that of female patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Music Listening as a Postanesthesia Care Unit (PACU) Nursing Intervention for Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy Patients: A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial

PurposeRandomized comparative mixed method approach with qualitative inquiry study's aim sought to determine if there was a difference in pre/post-intervention State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores and postanesthesia pain scores between two music listening groups of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy patients.DesignProspective randomized comparative mixed method approach with a qualitative inquiry.MethodsSample size of 77 male participants assigned by a table of random numbers to Spotify patient-preferred music selection Group I (n = 37) or minimalist hypnotic music with guided relaxation breathing (MHMGRB) instructional narrative Group II (n = 40). Outcome measures used patients’ STAI questionnaire and reported PACU admission and discharge pain scores.ResultsBoth Groups I and II had reduced pain scores at discharge as compared to admission; both groups had a significant reduction (P = .046 Group I, and Group II (P = .002), but changes for comparative groups (I and II) were not significant between the two groups (P = .53).ConclusionsStudy revealed that both patient-preferred selected music and MHMGRB can meaningfully reduce patients’ anxiety and PACU pain scores.     

Test anxiety in master's students: a comparative study

Evaluation events are major problems for graduate students in nursing. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of test anxiety before and cognitive interferences during a comprehensive examination. The sample (N = 54) consisted of two groups of students (Group I, N = 30 and Group II, N = 24) in a master's program at a state university. Data were collected using three questionnaires: To measure general test anxiety, the Test Anxiety Questionnaire (TAQ) by Sarason was used; the Pre-Examination Questionnaire (PEQ) by Morris, Davis, and Hutchings (1981) was used to measure pretest anxiety; and to identify cognitive interferences during the examination, the Cognitive Interference Questionnaire (CIQ) by Sarason and Stoops (1976) was used. Findings revealed positive correlations between the two groups of students' general test anxiety and their cognitive interferences about evaluative outcome of the examination. Positive correlations were found also between the two groups' general test anxiety and their pretest anxiety immediately prior to writing the examination. No significant relationships were found between the student's performance rankings on the examination and their test anxiety.     

Implementing a multidisciplinary disaster simulation for undergraduate nursing students

A liberal-arts-based undergraduate nursing program engaged in curriculum enhancement activities that led to the implementation of a disaster simulation for 81 multidisciplinary undergraduate students. A pretest/posttest design was used to determine the effectiveness of preparation for the simulation. Nursing students in three levels of the program received didactic preparation in disaster preparedness and were assigned to five different simulation response teams. One-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences for pretest and posttest scores, p = 0.05. An evaluation of student performance indicated that five of the eight nursing students assigned to the disaster site correctly triaged 81.2 percent of the victims; all eight nursing students assigned to the emergency department correctly reassessed the victims. Classroom didactic content, followed by a simulated learning experience, was found to be an effective teaching strategy for preparing undergraduate nursing students in disaster preparedness.     

分析采用内镜下黏膜切除术治疗胃息肉的护理措施及临床使用价值

目的:研讨胃息肉患者在行内镜下黏膜切除术治疗期间的护理对策及效果。方法:选择2018年5月—2019年5月在本医院行内镜下黏膜切除术的200例胃息肉患者作为观察对象,并将其随机分配入组,A组(n=100)接受普通护理,B组(n=100)接受综合护理,对A、B组的临床干预成效进行评估及比较。结果:护理前,两组的状态焦虑、特质焦虑评测结果比较接近,P>0.05,无统计学意义;护理后,B组上述两项评测结果较A组降低均更显著,P<0.05,有统计学意义。B组患者中对护理服务满意者占比95.0%,较A组的护理满意率82.0%明显提高,P<0.05,有统计学意义。结论:在胃息肉患者行内镜下黏膜切除术治疗期间辅以综合护理,能够明显缓解患者的焦虑情绪,进一步获得患者对护理工作的认可,值得推荐。     

护理干预改善造血干细胞移植患者术前焦虑的研究

目的探索护理干预对缓解、减轻造血干细胞移植患者术前焦虑的有效方法。方法将准备行造血干细胞移植的住院患者随机分为干预组（n=25）和对照组（n=24）,对照组采用常规护理,干预组除采用常规护理外并给予层流室参观、观看录像、音乐疗法等干预措施。采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）和汉密顿焦虑量表（HAMA）对两组患者焦虑状况进行测评。结果2组患者干预前均有不同程度的焦虑存在,SAS得分均值与常模总分均值比较,明显高于正常人常模（P〈0.01）,干预后2组患者SAS得分均值之间的比较有明显差别（P〈0.01）,干预组焦虑情绪术前1d明显低于对照组。结论行造血干细胞移植的患者均有不同程度的焦虑,采用有效的护理干预措施可明显改善患者的焦虑状态。     

延伸护理方案对不同民族地区糖尿病患者自我行为改变的效果

目的：探讨延伸护理方案对不同民族地区糖尿病患者自我行为改变的效果。方法选取我院收治的40例汉族糖尿病患者作为A组,同时选取40例回族糖尿病患者作为B组。对所有患者均行延伸护理方案,并于3个月后观察对比两组自我行为改善效果以及护理结束后血糖水平达标率。结果 A组和B组护理前饮食、运动、足部护理、血糖监测和遵医嘱用药等评分相近,护理后两组各项评分均明显升高,且A组远高于B组(P=0.000);A组护理结束时血糖水平达标率为35.00%,B组为32.50%,前者较后者稍高,但是差异不具有统计学意义( P=1.000)。结论采用延伸护理方案后,汉族糖尿病患者自我行为改善效果较回族糖尿病患者更加显著,但是二者护理结束后血糖水平达标率相近,值得在各民族地区推广使用。     

Progressive relaxation training in cardiac rehabilitation: effect on psychologic variables

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of progressive relaxation training as a stress management technique for cardiac patients who were participants in a cardiac exercise program. After pretesting, 18 patients received 3 weeks of relaxation training in addition to their exercise therapy; a control group of 19 patients was not taught the technique. Pretesting used two instruments to measure stress levels-the Spielberger State-Anxiety Scale and selected dimensions of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. At the completion of the relaxation training program, both groups of patients were retested on stress-level measures. An analysis of covariance was used to test for the effects of the relaxation training program. The findings were: posttreatment mean anxiety scores for the treatment group were significantly lower (p less than .05) than that of the control group; and the posttest scores for the treatment group were significantly lower for the dimensions of (p less than .01) somatization and interpersonal sensitivity and (p less than .05) anxiety and depression than that of the control group. No systematic changes were induced in either the obsessive-compulsive or hostility dimension scores by the relaxation program.     

焦虑状态专项护理在风湿性心脏病患者中的应用

目的:探讨焦虑状态专项护理在风湿性心脏病患者中的应用及临床效果.方法:将58例风湿性心脏病患者随机分为研究组和对照组各29例,对照组采用常规护理方法,研究组在此基础上给予焦虑状态专项护理,比较两组护理前后焦虑状态评分及焦虑发生率.结果:两组患者护理后焦虑状态评分及焦虑发生率均低于护理前(P<0.05),研究组护理后焦虑状态评分及焦虑发生率低于对照组(P<0.05).结论:焦虑状态专项护理可有效缓解风湿性心脏病患者的焦虑状态,值得临床推广应用.     

持续护理在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者中的应用效果

目的：探讨持续护理在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者中的应用效果.方法：选择2010年3月～2013年2月我院慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者105例作为研究对象,将其随机分为A组52例和B组53例.A组患者接受常规护理,B组患者接受持续护理,对比两组患者情绪状态、护理风险事件发生率.结果：B组患者焦虑、抑郁评分均低于A组（P＜0.05）,护理风险事件发生率亦低于A组（P＜0.05）.结论：在慢性阻塞性肺疾病的临床治疗过程中实施持续护理,有助于改善患者的情绪状态,避免或减少护理风险事件,对促进患者康复具有积极的临床意义.     

系统性心理护理在卵巢过度刺激综合征中的应用效果分析

目的 探讨系统性心理护理在卵巢过度刺激综合征中的应用效果。方法 选取2015年1月至2018年6月南通市妇幼保健院收治的88例卵巢过度刺激综合征患者,按照随机数字表法分成对照组和观察组。对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组除常规护理外增加系统性心理护理干预,1周后比较两组患者的焦虑、抑郁量表评分及治疗指标。结果 干预前两组患者的焦虑、抑郁量表评分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,干预1周后两组患者的焦虑、抑郁量表评分均有不同程度的改善,但观察组焦虑、抑郁量表评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组白蛋白使用量、放腹水次数及住院时间均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 心理干预能够改善卵巢过度刺激综合征患者的不良情绪,提高治疗效果,减少住院时间。     

开放管理模式下精神病院护士心理健康调查及对策

目的了解开放式管理模式下精神病院护士的心理健康状况,探索精神科护士心理健康的应对措施。方法采用SCL-90症状自评量表及疲劳量表-14对42名精神科护士及52名综合科护士进行调查。结果护士总体心理健康水平显著低于常模(P<0.01);精神科护士除人际关系、敌对外,SCL-90总分及各因子分高于综合科护士,其中强迫、抑郁、焦虑有显著性差异(P<0.05),人际关系、敌对显著低于综合科护士(P<0.05)。精神科护士个体疲劳总体水平高于综合科护士,但无显著性差异(P>0.05);精神科护士心理健康水平受护龄影响,但不呈线性关系,8￣11年护龄护士SCL-90总均分及疲劳总分值最高(P<0.05),心理健康水平最低。结论开放式管理模式下精神病院护士存在明显心理健康问题,应加强精神科护士特别是8￣11年护龄护士的心理健康维护。