儿童少年期精神分裂症患者事件相关电位关联性负变特征研究

目的 探讨儿童少年期精神分裂症患者事件相关电位关联性负变(CNV)的特征.方法 随机选择年龄在6～15岁之间符合DSM-Ⅳ精神分裂症标准患者30例作为观察组,与观察组年龄、性别相匹配的健康者30例作为对照组.观察组应用奥氮平治疗8周,用简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)评价疾病严重程度.两组分别用CNV检测,分别比较CNV反应时闻潜伏期及波幅的差异.结果 观察组反应时间比对照组明显延长(P<0.05).观察组较正常对照组CNV起点A潜伏期延迟(P<0.05),A点到S2负变化(CNV)的平均波幅低于正常对照(P<0.01);PINV平均波幅低于正常对照组(P<0.01).预备信号后出现的P2波幅较正常对照组明显增(P<0.01),潜伏期无统计学意义(P>0.05).治疗后,观察组CNV潜伏期、平均波幅以及PINV平均波幅与治疗前无显著性差异(均P>0.05).结论 儿童少年期精神分裂症患者存在认知功能损害,可能与大脑感知容量减低,认知资源减少或分配能力减低有关.     

正常儿童汉字语义事件相关电位的研究

目的：探讨单个汉字语义刺激正常儿童的事件相关电位，对三种不同类别（有关联、无关联、假字）ERP的特征进行比较研究。方法：对31名10岁的儿童采用加拿大Stellate systems32道数字化无纸脑电图仪，并用单个汉字语义刺激模块进行检测。刺激信号同步触发，脑电图（EEG）同步记录，从EEG中提取三种不同类别刺激的ERP，对P2和N2进行分析。结果：单个汉字语义有戈联的P2及N2潜伏期与无关联，假字组相比有显著性差异（P〈0．01）；波幅无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；N2波广泛分布头皮各区，左右大脑半球无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论：三种不同类别的ERP波形及潜伏期各不相同；N2是语义刺激ERP的主成分，P2可认为与儿童语义的早期理解有关。     

利他林对注意缺陷多动障碍患儿注意能力影响的ERP研究

目的:探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)患儿的视觉空间注意刺激诱发的事件相关电位(ERP)特征,并研究利他林(MPH)对其影响。方法:采用有效提示、无效提示刺激模块对22名ADHD患儿和22名年龄匹配的正常儿童进行ERP检测和记录其行为学表现。ADHD患儿在服MPH前和服MPH后2 h分别接受两次ERP检测。结果:与正常对照组相比,ADHD组在服MPH前,额部N2波潜伏期显著延长(P<0．05),各导联P2、N2波波幅显著降低(P<0．05);服MPH后2 h额部N2波潜伏期显著缩短(P<0．05),各导联波幅显著增高(P<0．05);服MPH后2 h各导联P2、N2波的潜伏期及波幅与正常对照组比较差异无显著意义(P>0．05)。结论:视觉空间注意ERP可以客观检测ADHD患儿注意缺陷的存在及程度,为临床诊断和评价MPH疗效提供了客观依据。     

1539例精神疾患的事件相关脑电位定性分析

目的：分析事件相关电位在精神科疾病中的异常检出率及主要临床检查病种。方法：对1539例申请事件相关电位检查患者的P300、P50和CNV结果进行定性分析,分析其异常检出率并统计其检查病种。结果：本组精神疾患P300、P50、CNV的异常检出率分别为54.5%、61.5%和60.1%。临床申请作ERP检查的前三位病种分别是慢性精神分裂症偏执型、复发性抑郁症、首发精神分裂症（阴性症状为主）。结论：高密度脑电图及ERP新技术较适合精神科和心理学,值得进一步推广。     

少数民族与汉族正常儿童P300认知电位的比较研究

P300是一种特殊的诱发电位,可作为评价认知功能的客观指标。本文不仅对汉族儿童进行了P300检测,而且对少数民族（藏族、维吾尔簇、哈萨克族）共4种民族进行测定,研究是否由于文化背景、环境、地理条件等有不同,而在民族之间认知功能存在差异。采用声刺激诱发电位,靶与非靶二类不同音调声音刺激。结果表明：民族之间P300潜伏期差异无显著意义（P＞0．05）,P300检测可以代表受试者认知的真实水平,它能客观敏锐地窥知脑功能的状态,P300潜伏期的变化在评价儿童认知功能方面提供了客观的电生理指标。     

军人心理创伤后应激障碍患者与健康军人事件相关电位的对照研究

目的　探讨军人心理创伤后应激障碍 ( PTSD)患者 3种事件相关电位 ( ERP)的变异。方法　应用美国 Nicolet Bravo脑诱发电位仪 ,采用光和声成对刺激、反应时间以及听觉靶 -非靶刺激序列技术 ,检测 66例 PTSD和 3 6名正常人 ( NC)的关联性负变 ( CNV)、P30 0 、以及失配性负波 ( MMN)。结果　 1 CNV:M1 潜伏期 PTSD组 [( 5 0 3 .4± 1 3 9.2 ) ms]长于 NC组[( 4 2 0 .1± 1 2 3 .6) ms;P<0 .0 1 ],M2 波幅 PTSD组 [( 1 8.9± 7.9) μv]高于 NC组 [( 1 1 .7± 5 .8) μv;P<0 .0 1 ],指令信号后负变化 ( PINV)的出现率 PTSD组 ( 3 9% )高于 NC组 ( 3 % ;P<0 .0 1 )。 2 P30 0 :在靶刺激中 ,Cz脑区的 P3潜伏期 PTSD组[( 3 1 5 .4± 1 7.8) ms]短于 NC组 [( 3 3 6.7± 1 5 .5 ) ms;P<0 .0 1 ],Pz脑区的 N2 潜伏期 PTSD组 [( 2 78.5± 2 1 .8) ms]长于 NC组 [( 2 63 .4± 1 4.2 ) ms;P<0 .0 1 ],Pz脑区的 P3波幅 PTSD组 [( 3 .4± 1 .8) μv]低于 NC组 [( 5 .9± 2 .4) μv;P<0 .0 1 ]。在非靶刺激中 ,Cz脑区的 P2 波幅 PTSD组 [( 2 .5± 1 .4) μv]低于 NC组 [( 3 .4± 0 .1 ) μv;P<0 .0 1 ]。 3 MMN:潜伏期 PTSD组[( 2 1 4.2± 2 5 .7) ms]长于 NC组 [( 1 93 .7± 2 2 .6) ms;P<0 .0 1 ],波幅 PTSD组 [( 8.5     

甲状腺机能亢进症患者的事件相关电位研究

甲状腺机能亢进症(甲亢)是由多种病因引起的甲状腺激素分泌过多所致的一种综合征，甲状腺激素正常对神经系统发育及功能调节十分重要。关于甲状腺激素分泌过多对神经系统的影响尤其高级神经功能的影响目前报道极少。本研究检测了35例甲亢病人的事件相关电位(ERP)，现报告如下。     

人脑对视觉信息变化的处理过程的事件相关电位研究

目的:采用256导联事件相关电位技术和低分辨率电磁图的方法,研究人脑对视觉信息变化的处理过程.方法:12名健康志愿者参与试验.视觉刺激为同时具有颜色和形状2种特征的图形.先后呈现的2张图片(S1和S2)组成一个刺激对并分为4种类型:S1和S2的颜色、形状均相同;S1和S2的颜色相同,形状不同;S1和S2的颜色不同,形状相同;S1和S2的颜色、形状均不同.受试者分别完成注意颜色和注意形状2个任务.结果:①S2呈现后135 ms～165 ms,3种变化的刺激对引出了变化相关正波(change-related positivity,CRP).低分辨率电磁图(low-resolution electromagnetic tomography,LORETA)分析显示CRP的发生源是枕叶舌回、楔叶.②235 ms～275 ms时间窗内,无变化和无关变化状态引出了N200,右侧颞叶梭状回、颞中回和海马旁回是该成分的发生源.③240 ms～320 ms时间窗内,所有变化的刺激对均引出了N270,前扣带回和双侧杏仁核是N270的发生源.结论:人脑对视觉信息变化的处理过程可分为3个阶段:CRP所代表的可能是人脑对视觉信息变化的早期处理阶段;N200所反映的可能是人脑对无关信息变化的主动忽略阶段;N270可能代表高级处理阶段.     

模拟盗窃者与熟悉现场者在测谎实验中事件相关电位的比较研究

目的：探讨Ｐ３００用于测谎的可行性。方法：志愿者３０人，随机分为模拟盗窃组、熟悉现场组和对照组，模拟组参与模拟盗窃，熟悉现场再曾到过模拟现场，对组未到过现场，以模拟现场的被盗之物照片为相关刺激，并与无关照片组成刺激序列，诱发Ｐ３００，比较两种刺激的Ｐ３００波幅，波面积和潜伏期，并建立判别方程，对每一个体进行判别。结果：模拟组相关照片的Ｐ３００波幅较熟悉组大（Ｐ〈０．００１），判别的准确率为１００％     

糖尿病和抑郁症共病患者的事件相关电位及临床特征对照研究

目的：探讨糖尿病和抑郁症共病患者的事件相关电位（ERP）P300成分及l临床特征。方法：收集符合CCMD-3和WHO糖尿病诊断标准的28例糖尿病和抑郁症共病患者和28例抑郁症患者的汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评分和ERPP300的检测结果进行分析。结果：共病组与抑郁组的HA—MA评分（40．70±6．41分和3i．60±11．15分）有显著差异（P〈0．05）,P300潜伏期（355．61±47．64ms和302．57±25．9lms）比较差异有极显著意义（P〈0．001）,波幅比较差异则无显著意义（P〉O．05）。结论：抑郁症和糖尿病共病组患者认知功能损害加重,P300潜伏期延长。     

血管性痴呆患者事件相关电位P300及相关因素研究

目的：研究血管性痴呆患者的事件相关电位P300及相关因素诊断的应用。方法：对42例VD和36例无痴呆脑梗死患者进行听觉P300检测，并进行病因、病变部位等危险因素对比分析。结果：VD组常有高血压、糖尿病、震颤麻痹、皮质下病灶、双侧半球病灶及脑萎缩，并有2次以上座中发生。VD组N1、P2、N2、和P3潜伏期均明显延长，P2、P3波幅分别降低，与对照组比较差异有显著意义（P＜0．01）。结论：高血压、糖尿病、震颤麻痹，反复卒中、皮质病灶、多发性病灶、脑萎缩均是VD的危险因素，与VD的发生、发展有关。事件相关电位P300是一种客观的神经生理学指标，对VD的早期诊断有实用价值。     

认知事件相关诱发电位P300的研究进展

目的 探讨认知事件相关诱发电位（ERP）P300的研究进展。方法 在万方数据、Pubmed等数据库查阅与认知ERP P300研究相关的文献,进行汇总分析。结果 ERP P300反映了大脑认知的加工过程,可对痴呆、脑血管疾病、脑外伤、癫痫、精神疾病等多种疾病进行早期认知减退的检测、认知功能和损害程度的评估以及认知功能的定量分析,具有较广泛的临床应用价值。但P300的临床应用存在没有业内公认的评定标准值、实际检测中影响因素较多等问题,其具体机制及相关问题的解决还有待于进一步更深入地探讨。结论 P300可以检测大脑神经细胞的动态认知过程,具有可靠、有效、客观、无创伤等特点,是其他脑影像技术所不能取代的一种检测方法。未来还需在P300及其亚波的产生定位及临床诊断的统一化标准化等方面做进一步的深入探索和研究。     

癫痫儿童认知电位P300及其影响因素分析

目的：研究癫痫儿童认知电位P300E事件相关电位（ERP）的P300成分]及其影响因素。方法：检测分析85例癫痫儿童及63例健康对照的认知电位P300,并探讨癫痫儿童认知电位P300各影响因素的作用。结果：以健康儿童作比较,癫痫儿童P300潜伏期延长．差肄有显著意义（P〈0．01）,波幅降低。差异也有显著意义（P〈0．05）;Logistic回归分析显示发病年龄早和发作频繁是癫痫儿童P300潜伏期延长、认知功能损害加重的危险因素,减少发作频率为其保护因素。结论：认知电位P300可以较客观及早地反映癫痫儿童的认知状况。应于患病早期积极抗癫痫治疗,降低认知功能受损的发生率。     

Attenuation of maternal behavior in virgin CD-1 mice by methylphenidate hydrochloride

The administration of methylphenidate hydrochloride (MPH) to girls and women has increased in the last decade and the potential for mothers to receive this medication has also increased. Because substances that alter the dopaminergic systems can also disrupt maternal behavior, and MPH acts on dopaminergic neurons, we evaluated the influence of MPH on maternal behavior. The maternal induction paradigm allowed us to assess changes in spontaneous maternal behavior as a result of repeated exposure to MPH without exposing pups to the drug. Virgin female CD-1 mice received MPH (5 mg/kg) or saline daily, starting 3 days before pup exposure, and for the duration of the 10-day test period. Naïve groups of three pups were placed with the female each day and maternal behavior was assessed during 10-minute observation periods 1 h post-injection. MPH-treated females showed significantly less maternal behavior, including reduced pup licking and crouching over pups, compared to saline treated females. MPH-treated females also exhibited higher activity levels than saline treated females. Given the disruption in spontaneous maternal behavior of MPH-treated mice, further research examining the relationship between maternal behavior and MPH exposure is warranted.     

Emitted and Evoked P300 Potentials and Variation in Stimulus Probability

There have been a number of reports of a cerebral potential occurring at about the time of an expected but absent stimulus when absence provided significant information for the subject. This potential consists primarily of a positive peak occurring with a latency of about 300 msec with respect to the time of stimulus absence and is referred to as an emitted P300 potential. It has been conjectured that the emitted P300 is a manifestation of the same process that underlies the evoked P300 . Evidence supporting this hypothesis is provided by demonstrating that both the evoked and emitted P300 potentials are similarly affected by variation in event probability. A paradigm was used in which click presence and absence provided information. The relative probability of click presence and absence was experimentally manipulated. Both evoked and emitted p300 amplitude responded in the same way to event probability, larger for the less frequent event and smaller for the more frequent event.     

Event Related Potentials of Brain (CNV and P300) In A Paired Associate Learning Paradigm

Cortical electrical activity as reflected by CNV and P300 was examined in paired associate learning and discriminative reaction time paradigms. The CNV amplitude following the first of a pair of trigrams showed an inverse relationship to acquisition; P300 amplitude increased monotonically. Amplitude of both waveforms was larger in the central-parietal area than the frontal area in the paired associate learning paradigm, while in the discriminative reaction time paradigm CNV was maximal in the frontal area and P300 was maximal in the parietal area. The CNV data are interpreted as reflecting early arousal and attentional processes, whereas P300 may reflect the subject's decision about the relevance of the stimulus.     

慢性肾功能衰竭患者事件相关电位P300研究

目的 :探讨慢性肾功能衰竭患者事件相关电位P30 0的变化特征。方法 :对 32例慢性肾功能衰竭患者进行事件相关电位P30 0测定并以 30例年龄性别匹配的正常人作对照。结果 :慢性肾功能衰竭患者P30 0潜伏期为 40 0 16± 5 1 36ms,波幅为 7 2 0± 4 71μV ,与正常对照组相比有显著性差异 ;P30 0异常率为 90 %,其中PL延长者占 41%(12例 ) ,PL及Amp均异常者 37%(11例 ) ,仅Amp降低者2 0 %(6例 ) ;P30 0异常 (PL延长及Amp降低 )与代谢异常密切相关 ,随代谢异常改善而改善。结论 :事件相关电位P30 0对慢性肾功能衰竭患者认知功能的评定及治疗效果的观察有一定临床意义。     

Functional Differences Between Members of the P300 Complex: P3e and P3b

The main findings of this study bear upon differences in the functional roles of P3b and a shorter latency, more centrally distributed endogenous positive component denoted as P3e. At the present writing, we have observed P3e only in conjunction with P3b. As in the case of P3b, P3e is fully endogenous in that it can be- elicited by omission of a stimulus if stimulus omission conveys relevant information to the subject. It was found that P3e and P3b relate differently to information delivery. Information delivery was manipulated by varying event probabilities and the discriminability of the events. The well known properties of P3b, namely that its amplitude is large when elicited by low probability (high information content) events and is reduced by perceptual difficulty (information loss-equivocation), were replicated in the current study. In contrast to P3b, variation of event probability had no effect upon P3e amplitude, but increased perceptual difficulty markedly reduced P3e amplitude. In addition, two CNV-type negativities were observed in the epochs prior to presentation of the informative signal event: 1) A negativity that was maximal over central scalp related to the subject's prediction that a rare or frequent event would be presented; 2) A negativity that was maximal over occipital scalp related to a stimulus that informed the subject whether the subsequent discrimination of the signal would be easy or difficult. Finally, there was a serendipitous Hading of an apparently new short duration component, tentatively labeled Px, which is elicited by presentation of the signal that informs the subject whether the subsequent discrimination will be easy or difficult.     

癫癎患者听觉事件相关电位的检测报告

目的:探讨听觉事件相关电位(ERP)在癫癎患者中的应用价值。方法:对40例癫癎患者和30名正常人进行ERP检测比较,并将癫癎患者ERP的结果与其发作类型、用药情况等进行比较分析。结果:40例癫癎患者的ERP P300潜伏期较对照组延长(P<0．05),但其P300波幅差异无统计学意义(P>0．05)。全身强直阵挛性发作的28例癫癎患者,P300潜伏期延长尤著。多药治疗组较单药治疗组P300潜伏期延长。结论:癫癎患者存在认识功能障碍,ERP可作为癫癎患者认知功能障碍诊断的参考指标,对指导临床,及早给予干预和治疗有一定意义。     

Nasopharyngeally and vertex recorded P300's in normal subjects

The P300 waveform has been associated with cognitive activity during information processing, and the hippocampus has been discussed as a possible generator of this waveform. This being the case some would argue that it should be possible to record the P300 with a shorter latency and greater amplitude from an electrode placed as near the hippocampus as possible. Under local anaesthesia we inserted a specially constructed needle electrode through the left nostril in the recessus pharyngeus close to the hippocampus. The results did not support the hippocampal hypothesis. Nasopharyngeally recorded P300's were found to have significantly decreased amplitudes and extended latencies when compared to vertex recordings.