骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折患者术后给予仙灵骨葆胶囊联合碳酸钙D_3片的效果评价

目的探讨仙灵骨葆胶囊联合碳酸钙D_3片治疗骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折手术后的临床疗效。方法选取我院2015年6月～2018年6月收治的行桡骨远端骨折手术的骨质疏松患者共52例,随机分为对照组(n=25)与观察组(n=27)。对照组患者接受口服碳酸钙D_3片治疗,观察组接受口服碳酸钙D_3片与仙灵骨葆胶囊治疗。比较两组患者腕关节功能、骨代谢、骨密度等指标。结果观察组腕关节评分优良率、平均Mayo评分显著高于对照组,P 0.05。治疗后组间比较,观察组TP1NP、BGP水平高于对照组,β-CTX水平低于对照组,P 0.05。治疗后,观察组L2～4腰椎、股骨颈、大粗隆、Ward三角区域骨密度均显著高于对照组该区域,P 0.05。观察组骨折愈合时间显著短于对照组,P 0.05。结论术后给予仙灵骨葆胶囊联合碳酸钙D_3片治疗骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折具有较好的临床疗效,能有效改善腕关节功能,提高骨密度、骨代谢情况,缩短骨折愈合时间且安全性好。     

仙灵骨葆胶囊治疗骨不连的临床研究

目的：探讨仙灵骨葆胶囊在骨不连治疗中的临床应用效果。方法选择2010年4月至2012年12月收治的胫骨骨折骨不连患者46例,随机分为治疗组（23例）与对照组（20例）。2组均采用常规手术治疗,治疗组加用仙灵骨葆胶囊,2次／d,每次3粒,持续12周。对2组患者治疗后的骨折愈合情况进行分析。结果治疗组的骨折愈合率明显高于对照组（ P ＜0?．05）。结论仙灵骨葆胶囊治疗骨不连的疗效显著,可有效促进骨折愈合。     

仙灵骨葆胶囊治疗骨折62例临床疗效分析

目的探讨仙灵骨葆胶囊治疗骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我院自2008年2月～2010年5月收治的62例骨折患者,在常规治疗的基础上加用仙灵骨葆胶囊,同时选取同期收治的行常规治疗的骨折患者54例为对照组,观察分析骨折愈合时间、骨痂生长、疼痛缓解及肩关节功能恢复情况。结果骨折愈合时间加用仙灵骨葆的愈合时间为52.43d,常规治疗组的愈合时间为64.29d(P<0.05)。两组骨痂生长情况评分比较,仙灵骨葆组评分好于常规治疗组(P<0.05)。仙灵骨葆组疼痛缓解时间为4.63d,常规治疗组疼痛缓解时间为6.79d(P<0.05)。结论仙灵骨葆胶囊具有促进骨折患者愈合,促进骨痂生长及缓解患者疼痛的作用,值得推广应用。     

鲑降钙素联合仙灵骨葆治疗绝经后妇女骨质疏松症所致骨痛疗效观察

目的:观察鲑降钙素联合仙灵骨葆治疗绝经后妇女骨质疏松症所致骨痛的疗效及安全性。方法:160例绝经后骨质疏松症所致骨痛妇女随机分为3组,治疗组鼻喷鲑降钙素500IU每日1次,并口服仙灵骨葆胶囊1.5g,每日2次;对照组Ⅰ鼻喷鲑降钙素500IU,每日1次;对照组Ⅱ口服仙灵骨葆胶囊1.5g,每日2次。3组均口服钙尔奇D,每日1片。以30d为1疗程,连续使用3个疗程。评定3组骨痛性质和程度变化,记录药品不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗组、对照组Ⅰ、对照组Ⅱ的总有效率分别为92.59%、69.81%、67.92%,治疗组总有效率与对照组Ⅰ、对照组Ⅱ比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不良反应发生率分别为18.52%、16.98%、11.32%,3组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:鲑降钙素联合仙灵骨葆治疗绝经后妇女骨质疏松症所致骨痛疗效确切,能有效增加患者骨密度,缓解骨质疏松症所致骨痛,是一种安全、有效的方法。     

仙灵骨葆胶囊治疗骨折24例的效果评估

目的探讨仙灵骨葆胶囊在骨折治疗中的临床应用效果。方法选择2009年6月至2012年6月接受非手术治疗的48例骨折患者,随机均分为治疗组与对照组。两组均采用常规治疗,治疗组加用仙灵骨葆胶囊治疗,疗程6周。对两组患者治疗后的骨折愈合时间、疼痛缓解、骨痂生长情况进行分析。结果治疗后的骨折愈合平均时间治疗组为49.68 d、对照组为66.23 d,疼痛缓解时间治疗组为4.12 d、对照组为6.97 d,治疗组骨折愈合时间、疼痛缓解时间均明显短于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组骨痂生长情况评分明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论仙灵骨葆胶囊治疗骨折的疗效显著,可有效促进骨折愈合,缓解疼痛,促进骨痂生长,值得临床推广。     

仙灵骨葆胶囊致肝功能异常2例

2名患者服用仙灵骨葆胶囊治疗骨质疏松症引致肝功能异常。第1例为65岁女性高血压伴脑供血不足患者,长期服用降压0号和银杏叶片。2004年2月24日开始加用仙灵骨葆胶囊1.5g,2次/d,6个月后体检发现其ALT和AST分别为85U/L和93U/L,停用仙灵骨葆胶囊,继续服用降压0号和银杏叶片。追踪随访,停药约20个月后,患者的ALT和AST分别下降为17U/L和28U/L。第2例为68岁女性萎缩性胃炎患者,长期服用西沙必利,2004年1月患者开始服用仙灵骨葆胶囊1.5g,2次/d。2个月后,实验检查显示:ALT158U/L,AST123U/L。停用仙灵骨葆胶囊,仍服西沙必利,并加服葡醛内酯200mg,3次/d,连续服用15d。约6个月后,患者的ALT为35U/L,AST为23U/L。     

仙灵骨葆胶囊联合红外线理疗促进骨折愈合的临床观察

目的：探讨仙灵骨葆胶囊联合红外线理疗促进骨折愈合的临床观察。方法分析本院自2010年12月～2012年12月收治的110例骨折患者,对照组给予红外线物理治疗,治疗组在此基础上加服仙灵骨葆胶囊3粒/次,2次/d;疗程结束后对患者肢体肿胀消退时间、疼痛消退时间、临床愈合时间和骨痂生长情况进行比较。结果治疗组的疼痛消退时间少于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,肢体肿胀消退时间和临床愈合时间明显减少,与对照组相比差异有极统计学意义（P＜0.01）;治疗组28d时的骨痂密度评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论仙灵骨葆胶囊联合红外线治疗可缩短骨折患者肿胀、疼痛的消失时间,加速骨痂生长;促进骨折愈合,值得临床推广应用。     

仙灵骨葆胶囊在促进骨折愈合中的疗效观察

目的：探讨骨折患者应用仙灵骨葆胶囊促进骨折愈合的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析2008年6月～2009年12月本院收治的126例骨折患者的临床资料。结果：两组患者骨折均痊愈,但治疗组患者骨折愈合时间明显短于对照组,且随着时间的延长,治疗组患者骨痂生长情况明显优于对照组。结论：仙灵骨葆胶囊具有促进骨折患者骨痂生长的功效,降低了并发症的发生率,值得推广应用。     

仙灵骨葆胶囊与利塞膦酸钠用于老年腰椎手术后骨组织修复的临床观察

目的:观察仙灵骨葆胶囊与利塞膦酸钠老年腰椎手术后骨组织修复的临床疗效、安全性及对患者血清中25-羟基维生素D3、微量元素的影响。方法:将120例老年腰椎手术患者随机均分为对照组、仙灵骨葆组、利塞膦酸钠组。手术后,对照组患者给予碳酸钙D3片1片,口服,qd;仙灵骨葆组患者给予仙灵骨葆胶囊3粒,口服,bid;利塞膦酸钠组患者给予利塞膦酸钠片1片,口服,qd。各组患者均以3个月为1个疗程,连续治疗2个疗程。比较各组患者治疗前后的骨密度和临床疗效,血清中25-羟基维生素D3和微量元素的水平,并观察不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后,仙灵骨葆组、利塞膦酸钠组患者临床总有效率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗3、6个月后,与对照组及同组治疗前比较,仙灵骨葆组、利塞膦酸钠组患者骨密度均显著升高(P<0.05);治疗6个月后,与对照组及同组治疗前比较,仙灵骨葆组、利塞膦酸钠组患者血清中25-羟基维生素D3、铜、锌、铁水平均显著升高(P<0.05),且两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对照组、仙灵骨葆组患者不良反应发生率显著低于利塞膦酸钠组(P<0.05)。结论:仙灵骨葆胶囊与利塞膦酸钠用于老年腰椎手术后骨组织修复均具有较好的疗效,能增加患者骨密度及血清中25-羟基维生素D3和微量元素水平,但仙灵骨葆胶囊安全性优于利塞膦酸钠片。     

仙灵骨葆胶囊致全身皮疹

1例36岁女性开放性骨缺损患者外固定术后恢复期给予仙灵骨葆胶囊1.5 g,2次/d口服。首次服药后约5 h,患者双膝关节处出现少许红色丘疹,未停药。次日,红色丘疹遍及全身。停服仙灵骨葆胶囊,给予氯雷他定10 mg,1次/d口服。3 d后,皮疹颜色变暗。继续服用氯雷他定2 d。4周后,皮疹基本消退。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.