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1.
Presence of synaptonemal complex protein 1 transversal filament-like protein in human primary spermatocytes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pousette A; Leijonhufvud P; Arver S; Kvist U; Pelttari J; Hoog C 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(11):2414-2417
The synaptonemal complex (SC) is involved in the pairing of chromosomes
during meiosis. We found that antibodies raised against a protein component
(P1) of the mouse synaptonemal complex, mouse SCP1, also identified the SC
in human primary spermatocytes. Biopsies from 18 men presented with
infertility were evaluated by light-field microscopy and grouped into five
categories: normal spermatogenesis, Sertoli cell-only syndrome, meiotic
disturbances, spermiogenic (i.e. differentiation) disturbances, and other
combined disturbances. In all the normal subjects the SCP1 antibody
distinctly stained the synaptonemal complexes of primary spermatocytes,
whereas Sertoli cells, spermatogonia or spermatids were never stained. In
three of the groups, which had germ cells but showed spermatogenic
disturbances, the staining was similar to that seen in normal subjects. In
sharp contrast to this, in sections from men with Sertoli cell-only
syndrome no specific staining was seen. This study demonstrates that a
SCP1-related protein is also conserved in the synaptonemal complex in
meiotic cells from man. Further studies will reveal to what extent the
absence or the non-functionality of SCP1 contributes to male infertility.
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2.
Because of the fall in population in Europe, the evaluation of causes of male infertility is becoming more and more important. Testicular biopsy is a useful method of examination in the area of assisted reproduction. Testicular biopsies of 85 infertile males were evaluated histologically. According to the sperm count, 31 patients had azoospermia, 22 oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia (OATS), 29 oligozoospermia, and 3 astheno-teratozoospermia. The biopsies were carried out by atraumatic microsurgery. Samples were taken from the upper inner and lower outer quadrant of both sides. Bouin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks were cut and HE slides examined. Samples taken from azoospermic patients showed atrophy, maturation arrest, normal histology or Sertoli cell-only syndrome. Oligozoospermic patients presented maturation arrest, hypospermatogenesis or normal histology. In the OATS group maturation arrest hypospermatogenesis and atrophy were found. The spermatogram groups showed significant correlation with the homogeneity of the spermatogenesis. The sperm count alone is not sufficient in assessing spermatogenesis. Four samples give more adequate information than just one, because spermatogenesis is not homogeneous in the testis. After evaluating diagnostic biopsies, tissue for TESE can be taken from the most appropriate location in the testis. 相似文献
3.
DNA flow cytometry (FCM) was performed from fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of testis in 15 cases of male infertility to quantitate spermatogenesis. The results were correlated with FNAC findings. DNA FCM showed a ploidy relationship of haploid (1N) > diploid (2N) > tetraploid (4N) in cases of normal spermatogenesis. A ploidy relation of 2N > 1N > 4N was observed in cases of hypospermatogenesis or maturation arrest. In Sertoli cell-only cases, there were only 2N populations of cells. With the help of DNA FCM, a rapid and objective assessment of spermatogenesis is possible from FNAC of the testis. 相似文献
4.
Limiting testicular biopsy for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) to
those with a high chance of having testicular spermatozoa has not been
possible because of the poor predictive value of current clinical and
laboratory methods. In order to predict testicular pathology and sperm
extraction, we characterised the semen of 28 men with azoospermia due to
gonadal failure in terms of the presence of spermatids using an
immunological method. The results were compared with the assessment of
testicular biopsies by histology and the extraction of spermatozoa into
culture medium. Washed cellular elements in the ejaculate were smeared on
microscope slides and fixed in 100% methanol, before incubation with
acrosome-specific monoclonal antibody (18.6), fluorescein
isothiocyanate-labelled anti-mouse goat IgG, and examination by
epifluorescent microscopy. Semen from men with oligozoospermia and
obstructive azoospermia served as positive and negative controls,
respectively. Twelve patients who had positive immunofluorescence (one or
more spermatids present) had spermatozoa retrieved from their testes (five
hypospermatogenesis, seven focal spermatogenesis), and 16 patients with
negative immunofluorescence (spermatids absent) had apparent Sertoli
cell-only syndrome (12) or maturation arrest histological pattern (four).
However, four patients with apparent Sertoli cell-only syndrome had
testicular spermatozoa present after extraction from the biopsy. Plasma
follicle stimulating hormone concentration and testicular volume did not
predict retrieval of seminal spermatids or testicular spermatozoa. We
conclude that the immunofluorescent localization of one or more spermatids
in the ejaculate can be used to predict the likelihood of obtaining
testicular spermatozoa for ICSI. However, in some patients with Sertoli
cell-only syndrome, spermatozoa could still be recovered in the absence of
apparent seminal spermatids.
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5.
Fujisawa M; Tanaka H; Tatsumi N; Okada H; Arakawa S; Kamidono S 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(6):1476-1479
In human testes, stem cells such as spermatogonia need to produce progeny
cells continually. Telomere length is maintained throughout
spermatogenesis, i.e. from spermatogonia to spermatozoon, and telomerase is
reported to be present in the testes. In this study, we measured the
activity of telomerase in the human testes of 16 cases of idiopathic
azoospermia, 10 of obstructive azoospermia, and 17 of oligozoospermia in
order to understand the role of telomerase in spermatogenesis. Telomerase
activity in the testes with Sertoli cell- only and in testes with
maturation arrest were 0.08 +/- 0.05 optical density (OD) (mean +/- SD) and
1.96 +/- 0.98 OD, respectively (P < 0.05). Classifying those testes with
maturation arrest into two groups, the telomerase activity of those with
early maturation arrest (arrest at spermatocyte) and of those with late
maturation arrest (arrest at round spermatid) was 1.82 +/- 0.82 OD and 2.10
+/- 1.14 OD respectively. There was no significant difference between the
two groups. The telomerase activity in the testes showing
hypospermatogenesis in obstructive azoospermia and in those of
oligozoospermia with hypospermatogenesis was 1.89 +/- 1.06 OD and 1.92 +/-
1.02 OD respectively. No difference in telomerase activity existed between
the testes with maturation arrest and those with hypospermatogenesis in
obstructive azoospermia or oligozoospermia. Sertoli cell-only testes
without germ cells showed no telomerase activity. The source of the
telomerase activity was likely to be germ cells. The telomerase activity in
the testes (n = 63) was related to the histology of the testes. The
activity of telomerase showed no significant correlation with the sperm
concentration in each patient. Only serum oestradiol level significantly
correlated with telomerase activity (P < 0.05). The concentrations of
follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, or testosterone had no
significant relationship with the telomerase activity. Therefore similar
levels of telomerase activity were detected in the testes of infertile men
with azoospermia and oligozoospermia and in testes showing maturation
arrest.
相似文献
6.
Cyclin A1 and gametogenesis in fertile and infertile patients: a potential new molecular diagnostic marker 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Schrader M Müller-Tidow C Ravnik S Müller M Schulze W Diederichs S Serve H Miller K 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》2002,17(9):2338-2343
BACKGROUND: The study aim was to evaluate cyclin A1 mRNA expression levels as a potential molecular diagnostic parameter in the work-up of testicular tissue from fertile versus infertile patients. METHODS: Cyclin A1 expression was quantified in 55 cryopreserved testicular tissue specimens by fluorescence real-time RT-PCR. A conventional histological work-up was performed concomitantly in all tissue specimens with additional semi-thin sectioning in all cases of non-obstructive azoospermia (n = 12), maturation arrest (n = 17) and Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS; n = 9). RESULTS: The mean (+/- SD) normalized cyclin A1 expression (N(CyclinA1)) was 3.82 +/- 2.23 relative gene expression (RGE) in tissue specimens with normal spermatogenesis, and 0.625 +/- 0.221 RGE in those with maturation arrest at the level of early spermatids. Only minimal N(CyclinA1) was detected in tissue specimens with spermatogonia only or maturation arrest at the level of primary spermatocytes (0.005 +/- 0.008). Cyclin A1 expression was absent in the majority of SCOS specimens (0.002 +/- 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: These investigations suggested that cyclin A1 expression is altered in cases of spermatogenic disorders. Moreover, the level of cyclin A1 mRNA expression correlates with gametogenic disorders and seems well suited for a molecular-diagnostic classification supplementing the histopathological evaluation of spermatogenic disorders. 相似文献
7.
《Ultrastructural pathology》2013,37(3):124-129
CD1d is a member of CD1 family of transmembrane glycoproteins, which represent antigen-presenting molecules. Immunofluorescent staining methods were utilized to examine expression pattern of CD1d in human testicular specimens. In testis showing normal spermatogenesis, a strong CD1d cytoplasmic expression was seen the Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, and Leydig cells. A moderate expression was observed in the spermatocytes. In testes showing maturation arrest, CD1d expression was strong in the Sertoli cells and weak in spermatogonia and spermatocytes compared to testis with normal spermatogenesis. In Sertoli cell only syndrome, CD1d expression was strong in the Sertoli and Leydig cells. This preliminary study displayed testicular infertility-related changes in CD1d expression. The ultrastructural changes associated with with normal and abnormal spermatogenesis are open for further investigations. 相似文献
8.
CD1d is a member of CD1 family of transmembrane glycoproteins, which represent antigen-presenting molecules. Immunofluorescent staining methods were utilized to examine expression pattern of CD1d in human testicular specimens. In testis showing normal spermatogenesis, a strong CD1d cytoplasmic expression was seen the Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, and Leydig cells. A moderate expression was observed in the spermatocytes. In testes showing maturation arrest, CD1d expression was strong in the Sertoli cells and weak in spermatogonia and spermatocytes compared to testis with normal spermatogenesis. In Sertoli cell only syndrome, CD1d expression was strong in the Sertoli and Leydig cells. This preliminary study displayed testicular infertility-related changes in CD1d expression. The ultrastructural changes associated with with normal and abnormal spermatogenesis are open for further investigations. 相似文献
9.
10.
Relationship between classic histological pattern and sperm findings on fine needle aspiration map in infertile men 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Systematic testis fine needle aspiration (FNA) mapping has been proposed as an adjunctive or alternative diagnostic procedure to biopsy to determine the presence of spermatozoa within infertile testes. This study related testis histology to the global presence or absence of spermatozoa in the same testes determined by FNA cytology. Testis biopsies and FNA mapping were performed in 87 infertile, azoospermic men. A mean of 1.3 biopsies and 14 FNA sites were taken per patient. Biopsies were assessed by recognized histological patterns of normal, Sertoli cell-only, hypospermatogenesis, early and late maturation arrest, sclerosis as well as mixed patterns that included at least two of these histologies. FNA cytological specimens were assessed for sperm presence by an experienced cytologist. Overall, spermatozoa were found by FNA mapping in 52% of patients. A comparison of histology and FNA findings revealed that pure patterns of Sertoli cell-only and early maturation were associated with a very poor likelihood of sperm detection (4-8%). In contrast, patients with other pure pattern histologies or mixed patterns had high rates of FNA sperm detection (77-100%). Similar to reported testicular sperm extraction (TESE) findings, sperm detection with FNA shows wide variation depending on testis histology. Unlike most TESE reports, however, some histological patterns generally reflect a more global testicular dysfunction and poorer likelihood of sperm identification, suggesting the possibility that these phenotypes have a genetic origin. Systematic testis sampling with FNA offers additional geographical information about spermatogenesis that routine biopsies lack and can further guide couple decision-making in severe male factor infertility. 相似文献
11.
12.
《IBS, Immuno》2002,17(3):148-152
Inhibin B is a testicular peptide hormone that regulates FSH secretion in a negative feedback loop. Inhibin B is a dimer of an α and βB subunit. In adult testis, the cellular site of production of these subunits is still controversial: Leydig cells, Sertoli cells and/or germ cells. The immunohistological localization (monoclonal antibodies anti α and anti βB) of both sub-units and the expression patterns of their mRNA (in situ hybridization with RNA probes) were examined in adult testicular biopsies with normal spermatogenesis or spermatogenetic arrest. In all testes, Sertoli cells and Leydig cells showed positive immunostaining for inhibin α subunit and expressed inhibin α subunit mRNA. Conversely, germ cells expressed the βB peptide (located from pachytene spermatocytes to round spermatids) and the βB subunit mRNA (located from spermatogonia to round spermatids). These results agree with the recent opinion that inhibin B is possibly a joint product of Sertoli cells and germ cells in adult men and it may be used as a serum marker of spermatogenesis. 相似文献
13.
D W Hale B G Hanks J W Bickham I F Greenbaum 《Journal of submicroscopic cytology and pathology》1989,21(1):211-214
Silver nitrate staining of surface spread testicular material from side-necked turtles revealed centrioles associated with the nuclei of Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and spermatids. Sertoli cells possessed minute centrioles comparable to those described in somatic tissues of other organisms. The other three cell types contained greatly enlarged centrioles, with those of the primary spermatocytes and spermatids exhibiting maximum lengths of 4-5 microns. During spermatogenesis, the centriolar pair apparently replicated only at prophase I, as the developing spermatids each possessed only one centriole. 相似文献
14.
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16.
Bar-Shira Maymon B Paz G Elliott DJ Hammel I Kleiman SE Yogev L Hauser R Botchan A Yavetz H 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》2000,15(7):1537-1542
The involvement of Sertoli cells in different spermatogenic impairments has been studied by an immunohistomorphometric technique using cytokeratin-18 (CK-18) as a marker for immature Sertoli cells. CK-18 is known to be expressed in Sertoli cells during prenatal and prepubertal differentiation and is normally lost at puberty. Forty-nine azoospermic men were included in the current study. Quantitative measurements on testicular biopsies revealed the highest CK-18 expression in the mixed atrophy biopsies (22 men), a lower expression in the Sertoli cell-only (SCO) biopsies (12 men), and minimal residual staining in the group considered as representing normal spermatogenesis (six obstructive azoospermia patients). The cytokeratin immunopositive-stained tubules were associated either with arrest in spermatogenesis or with SCO. Examination of sections from nine men with microdeletions in the AZF region of the Y chromosome revealed that these men were either negative for CK-18 expression or showed only weak residual staining. This may suggest that the spermatogenic defect in the AZF-deleted men originates in the germ cell and has no impact on Sertoli cell maturation. The cause that determined the spermatogenic defect in the other cases of male infertility with high CK-18 expression may have damaged both the Sertoli and the germ cells. 相似文献
17.
Tomohiko Wakayama Shoichi Iseki 《Anatomical science international / Japanese Association of Anatomists》2009,84(3):112-121
Endocrine and local secretory factors have long been known to be required for spermatogenesis. Evidence has been accumulating
in recent years indicating that direct contact between spermatogenic and Sertoli cells is also required for spermatogenesis.
Cell adhesion molecules of various types have been found in the mammalian testis that are expressed in spermatogenic and/or
Sertoli cells and involved in homophilic and/or heterophilic binding. We have cloned a novel cell adhesion molecule, cell
adhesion molecule-1 (CADM1), also known as immunoglobulin superfamily 4A or spermatogenic immunoglobulin superfamily, from
the mouse testis. CADM1 belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is composed of three immunoglobulin-like domains, a
transmembrane domain, and a short intracellular domain. In the seminiferous epithelium, CADM1 is expressed in intermediate
spermatogonia through to early pachytene spermatocytes as well as in elongating spermatids—but not in round spermatids, mature
spermatozoa, or Sertoli cells. One of the heterophilic binding partners of CADM1 has proven to be a poliovirus receptor, another
member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is expressed in Sertoli cells. Knockout mice for CADM1 develop male infertility
due to defective spermatogenesis. These findings suggest that cell adhesion molecules between spermatogenic and Sertoli cells
play essential roles in spermatogenesis. 相似文献
18.
Ultrastructural examination of testicular biopsies from cases of maturation arrest showed that there were characteristic abnormalities of the Sertoli cell junctional connections. These abnormalities together with the meiotic failure afford an explanation for the severe oligospermia or azoospermia noted in patients with maturation arrest. Premature setting up of ectoplasmic specializations in front of early spermatids and/or spermatocytes were also observed. 相似文献
19.
Maymon BB Paz G Elliott DJ Lifschitz-Mercer B Yogev L Kleiman SE Botchan A Hauser R Schreiber L Yavetz H 《Acta histochemica》2002,104(3):255-261
The increasing interest in the application of in vitro fertilization techniques in human reproduction has led to a wide use of testicular biopsies to identify the presence of spermatogenic foci in testes of azoospermic men. Histopathologic evaluation of these testicular biopsies is required to determine the spermatogenic state with respect to fertility potential and to rule out preinvasive testicular lesions. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G-T (hnRNP G-T) is a germ cell-specific protein expressed most prominently during meiosis. We studied the usefulness of hnRNP G-T antibody in the evaluation of these biopsies and reasoned that its germ cell-restricted expression pattern might provide a marker to improve accuracy of diagnosis. Testicular biopsies with various spermatogenic impairments were evaluated immunohistochemically for hnRNP G-T expression. In biopsies exhibiting normal spermatogenesis (obstructive azoospermia), hnRNP G-T was localized in meiotic pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids. Immunostaining was barely detected when maturation was arrested at the spermatocyte level and not at all in cases of Sertoli cell-only syndrome. Biopsies with a mixed histologic phenotype and minute concentrations of spermatogenesis demonstrated strong immunostaining only in tubules with full spermatogenesis. This distribution pattern of hnRNP G-T enabled instant identification of spermatogenic foci. Thus, exploitation of the hnRNP G-T marker, which is expressed preferentially as meiosis proceeds, enhances sensitivity and accuracy of diagnosis in the histologic evaluation of testicular biopsies. 相似文献
20.
Al-Hasani S Ludwig M Palermo I Küpker W Sandmann J Johannisson R Fornara P Sturm R Bals-Pratsch M Bauer O Diedrich K 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1999,14(Z1):97-107
Microinjection is established as the method of choice in the treatment of severe male factor infertility as well as in azoospermic patients. Recent studies have shown that fertilization and cleavage can be achieved by injection of ejaculated as well as testicular elongated spermatids into oocytes. Here we report on the two first pregnancies worldwide resulting from elongated spermatid injection from frozen-thawed testicular tissue. Four patients with complete Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS) and two with spermatogenetic maturation arrest were included in our microinjection programme. Tissues from open testicular biopsies were cryopreserved until the time of follicle puncture. A total of 67 oocytes were harvested. In the two patients with maturation arrest, cryopreserved elongated spermatids were successfully injected, while in two of the other four SCOS patients only cryopreserved round spermatids were available to be injected into the oocytes. Out of 18 injected oocytes, 10 were fertilized in the first group, while nine out of 49 injected oocytes showed fertilization and cleavage in the second group. Two clinical pregnancies were achieved with elongated spermatids from frozen-thawed testicular tissue, while no pregnancy was established in the case of round spermatids. This study confirms that fertilization, cleavage and pregnancy can be successfully achieved in cases with spermatogenetic maturation arrest by injecting cryopreserved elongated spermatids into oocytes. The literature on pregnancies following spermatid injection, as well as the problems using this technique and possible risks, are discussed. 相似文献