广州地区丙型肝炎患者HCV基因分型研究

目的研究广州地区丙型肝炎患者HCV基因型分布的变化情况。方法收集207例HCV RAN阳性丙型肝炎患者血清,对其HCV Core区(C区)和NS5B区基因序列进行RT-nPCR扩增,两区扩增成功的PCR产物进行基因测序,测序结果分别与相应的参照株序列比对,构建系统进化树,两区基因分型结果一致者确定HCV基因亚型。结果 185例HCV C区和NS5B区都扩增成功,其中179例两区基因分型结果一致。共检出1、2、3、6型4种基因型和8种基因亚型,其中1b型占40.78%(73/179),6a型占27.37%(49/179),3b型占11.73%(21/179),3a型占8.94%(16/179),2a型占6.15%(11/179),1a型占3.91%(7/179),2b型占0.56%(1/179),6n型占0.56%(1/179)。1b株可分为A、B、C三大簇,A簇与中国广泛流行1b株接近、B簇与中国中部及南部地区流行1b株接近,6a株分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ两大簇,与献血人群及静脉吸毒人群中6a型株接近。结论广州地区丙型肝炎患者HCV基因型以1b、6a、3型为主,存在多种亚型;1b型株包含中国大部分地区的1b型株,6a、3型已取代2a型分别成为第二、三主要流行基因型;未发现6型变异株。     

联合分析HCV种属信息区和高度保守区序列确定广东地区HCV基因型和亚型

目的扩增HCV种属信息区NS5B和高度保守区5-UTR基因序列,用系统进化树法深入分析HCV基因型和亚型,阐明广东地区丙型肝炎患者HCV基因型和基因亚型的特点。方法采集99例慢性丙型肝炎病例血清,应用RT-PCR技术分别扩增HCVNS5B区和5-UTR特定片段,测序后进行系统进化树分析,确定HCV基因型及亚型。结果99例患者标本均准确分型,其中NS5B区段分型74例,5-UTR区段分型99例。HCV基因型和亚型的分布:1a亚型1例、1b亚型59例、1型7例、2a亚型11例、3a亚型3例、3b亚型2例、3型3例、6a亚型13例;另有2例标本在两区段分型不同,5-UTR/NS5B区段分型分别为6a/1b和3a/1b。两区段共同分型74例,72例标本在两区段基因型一致,2例标本在两区段基因型不同,为HCV重组体。结论联合分析HCV不同区段基因序列,可提高HCV基因分型的准确度及灵敏性。广东地区慢性丙型肝炎患者HCV基因亚型分布以1b为主;其次为6a和2a;3型中的a、b亚型也占有一定比例。     

武威地区丙型肝炎基因分型情况分析

目的:了解武威地区丙型肝炎基因分型特征,为HCV感染者的个体化治疗提供科学依据.方法:实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测70例抗-HCV阳性血清标本,并对血清标本PCR扩增基因片段,测定核苷酸序列进行基因分型.结果:70例标本中HCV1b型38例,占54%;HCV2a型21例,占30%;HCV1b/2a混合型9例,占13%;HCV2b型2例,占3%.结论:武威地区HCV基因型主要为1b型,其次为2a型,同时存在1b/2a混合型和2b型,与相邻城市HCV基因型分布比较有一致和差异.     

反向点杂交法检测广东地区丙型肝炎病毒基因型和基因亚型

目的 建立并应用HCV基因分型技术PCR-反向点杂交法(PCR-RDH),调查广东地区丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)基因型和亚型的分布情况.方法 应用生物信息学软件针对HCV 5'端非编码区(5'UTR)和核心蛋白区(C区)设计特异性捕获探针及生物素标记引物,建立HCV基因分型的PCR-反向点杂交技术.应用本技术对115例慢性丙型肝炎患者血清标本进行HCV基因型和亚型检测,同时对其中38份标本中的HCV进行RT-PCR扩增、测序、系统进化树分析确定HCV基因型和亚型,以评价反向点杂交法的准确性及临床应用价值.结果 115份血清标本中,反向点杂交法HCV基因型及亚型检出率为96.5%(111/115),15份阴性对照全部为阴性.111例检出基因型的标本中1b型63例(56.8%)、2a型9例(8.1%)、3a型4例(3.6%)、3b型6例(5.4%)、6a型28例(25.2%)、1b/2a混合型1例(0.9%).经测序分型确定此法检测准确度为100%,特异度为100%.结论 HCV基因型反向点杂交法检测准确可靠、简便经济、高效,适用于临床检测.广东地区的HCV基因型分布以1b型为主,呈现出1b型比例下降,3a、6a型比例升高的趋势.     

武威地区慢性丙型肝炎患者基因型分型与抗病毒治疗疗效分析

目的:了解武威地区丙型肝炎基因型与干扰素抗病毒治疗关系。方法:63例慢性丙型肝炎(CHC)患者,HCV-RNA采用荧光定量RT-PCR试剂盒,并对血清标本PCR扩增基因片段,测定核苷酸序列进行基因分型。采用IFN-α2b联合利巴韦林抗病毒治疗,疗程48周。全自动生化分析仪检测血清ALT。结果:63例患者基因型分型如下:HCV1b型36例,占57%;HCV2a型18例,占28%;HCV1b/2a混合型6例,占10%;HCV2b型3例,占5%。干扰素治疗中HCV1b型的SVR、RVR、EVR、ETVR的应答率分别是44.4%、55.6%、66.7%、61.1%,非HCV1b型的SVR、RVR、EVR、ETVR的应答率分别是74.1%、81.5%、92.6%、88.9%,两者分别进行χ2检验,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:武威地区HCV基因型主要为1b型,其次为2a型,同时存在1b/2a混合型和2b型,干扰素对非1b型感染的疗效优于1b型,HCV基因分型有预测干扰素疗效的意义。     

云南省曲靖市非高危人群丙型肝炎病毒基因型分析

目的对曲靖市感染丙型肝炎的非高危人群进行丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)基因分型研究,寻找本地区流行基因型,为丙型肝炎的科学防治提供依据。方法采集住院病人血液,提取RNA,采用HCV特异性引物进行巢式RT-PCR扩增,PCR产物直接测序,采用生物信息学软件进行序列分析。结果共采集228例病人血清,排除具有高危因素影响的血清29例,非高危人群丙型肝炎病人血清199例。共检出4个基因型(1、2、3、6),5个基因亚型(1b、2a、3a、3b和6a),有37例不能鉴别的基因亚型。其中1b型78例(39. 2%)、2a型42例(21. 1%)、3a型15例(7. 5%)、3b型23例(11. 6%)、6a型4例(3. 0%)和未能分型37例(18. 6%)。根据文献检索提取云南省HCV基因分型流行情况,对于HIV/HCV共感染的静脉吸毒者(Intraductal Ultrasonography,IDUS)和静脉吸毒HCV感染者,前3位的基因亚型分别为3b、3a、1b;对于标本来源为医院病人,未进行感染途径分类,前3位的基因亚型分别为1b、3b、2a。结论曲靖市丙型肝炎非高危感染人群主要HCV基因亚型1b型和2a型与我国的主要基因亚型基本一致,与云南省主要的HCV基因亚型略有区别,但与同地区的HIV/HCV共感染的静脉吸毒者HCV基因型有着明显区别。     

对比分析5'-UTR和NS5b区序列确定广东地区HCV基因亚型

［摘要］ 目的 对比丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）不同区段系统进化分析法基因分型的差异,探讨广东地区丙型肝炎患者的HCV基因亚型分布。方法 RT-PCR分别扩增HCV5'-UTR（71nt-311nt）共241bp和NS5b区（8249nt-8650nt）共402bp的片段。序列分析后进行系统进化分析以确定病毒基因型及亚型。结果 HCV NS5b区段分型74例,其中1b亚型51例,2a亚型10例,6a亚型8例,3a亚型2例,3b亚型2例,1a亚型1例;5'UTR区分型74例,其中1型45例,2型11例,6a亚型10例,3a亚型3例,3b亚型5例;两区段共同分型49例,47例基因型一致,2例不同。结论 对比分析HCV不同区段基因序列,可深化对HCV基因型和亚型的了解。初步表明广东地区慢性丙型肝炎患者HCV基因亚型分布以1b为主;其次为2a、6a,两者比例相当;3b、3a也占有一定比例。 ［关键词］丙型肝炎病毒;基因型;5'-非编码区;NS5b区;系统进化分析     

南通地区慢性丙型肝炎患者的HCV基因分型

目的 :了解南通地区慢性丙型肝炎患者的HCV基因型分布情况。方法 :将 5 3例抗HCV阳性的血清标本用RT -PCR法检测HCV -RNA ,然后采用膜显色结果判读的基因芯片对 3 2例HCV -RNA阳性者进行基因分型研究。结果 :南通地区HCV感染检出 1b、1a、2a、1b + 1a、1b + 1a + 2a共 5种单一基因型和混合基因型 ,其中以 1b型为主 ,占 5 3 .1%。结论 :南通地区 1b型为优势株 ,2a和 1b + 1a型居次 ;1b + 1a型高于全国其他地区。     

重庆地区丙型肝炎病毒基因型分布及临床意义

目的:了解重庆地区近年来丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)基因型分布、演变和可能的临床意义,为更好防治丙型肝炎提供依据。方法:回顾性研究2010年1月至2013年12月期间在重庆医科大学附属第二医院就诊并有基因分型结果的丙型肝炎患者的基因型分布,并与该地区其它文献报道的数据相比较,探讨基因型演变的可能影响因素。结果:共收集941例HCV感染者,检出4种基因型、9种基因亚型,成功进行基因分型有857例(均为单一基因型,分型率91.1%)。其基因型分布为:1a 30例(3.5%)、1b 238例(27.8%)、2a 42例(4.9%)、2b 1例(0.1%)、3a 132例(15.4%)、3b 244例(28.5%)、3k 6例(0.7%)、6a124例(14.5%)、6b 40例(4.7%)。与5年前的结果比较发现HCV 1b、2a亚型明显下降,3型、6型比例上升,差异具有统计学意义。结论:3b、1b型为目前重庆地区丙型肝炎患者感染HCV的主要基因型,3a、6a型亦占有较大比例,提示重庆地区HCV流行的基因型呈现多样性。     

南京地区2007-2014年丙型肝炎病毒基因型变化分析

目的：了解南京地区2007～2014年丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）基因型分布特征以及基因型的变化,并分析其与临床诊断结果的关系。方法：采用丙型肝炎病毒基因分型试剂盒DNA测序法对丙型肝炎1262例抗-HCV阳性血清进行HCV RNA检测和HCV病毒基因分型。结果：1262份抗HCV阳性血清中HCV RNA阳性1208例（95.7%）,单一基因型占91.4%,其中1b型占70.4%,2a型占9.3%,3b型占6.3%。混合基因型占4.4%,其中1b＆2a混合型占2.5%,1b＆3b混合型占1.6%,单一基因型和混合基因型分布差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：南京地区HCV基因型以1b型为主,同时有6b和6h新基因型出现,提示今后南京地区会出现多种基因型并存。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.