动态血压参数与冠状动脉病变的相关性

目的探讨不同动态血压参数与冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性。方法可疑冠心病患者212例,行冠状动脉造影同时进行24h动态血压监测,根据造影结果分为非冠状动脉病变组（43例）和冠状动脉病变组（169例）,冠状动脉病变组患者根据病变范围再分为单支血管病变组（56例）、双支血管病变组（38例）与3支血管病变组（75例）,分析比较各组动态血压参数。结果冠状动脉病变组24h平均收缩压、24h平均脉压、白天平均收缩压、白天平均脉压、夜间平均收缩压、夜间平均脉压、最高收缩压、最低收缩压均明显高于非冠状动脉病变组（P〈0.05）,且随着狭窄支数增加而逐渐增高,以3支血管病变组明显（P〈0.05）;冠状动脉病变组白天平均舒张压、夜间平均舒张压、24h平均舒张压、最高舒张压均明显低于非冠状动脉病变组（P〈0.05）,且随狭窄支数增加有逐渐下降趋势,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;与杓型血压模式比较,非杓型、反杓型、超杓型血压模式患者双支和3支血管病变发生率率明显增高（P〈0.05）;多因素回归分析结果显示,夜间平均收缩压对冠心病有独立的预测价值（P〈0.05）。结论夜间平均脉压、最高收缩压与冠状动脉病变严重程度密切相关,夜间平均收缩压是预测冠状动脉病变的最佳参数;血压模式的改变是造成冠状动脉病变的重要因素。     

肾实质性高血压患者动态血压变化的临床意义

目的:探讨肾实质性高血压患者动态血压昼夜变化的临床意义。方法:对50例临床诊断为肾实质性高血压患者的临床诊断进行分组:肾功能不全代偿期组20例;肾功能不全失代偿期组17例;肾功能衰竭期组13例;另选健康体检中动态血压监测正常者30例为对照组。获取4组对象白昼平均收缩压和舒张压、夜间平均收缩压和舒张压、24小时平均收缩压和舒张压、夜间/白昼平均收缩压和舒张压、平均动脉压及收缩压负荷值与舒张压负荷值。结果:(1)肾实质性高血压3组各项参数均高于对照组,昼夜曲线消失,但未见反勺型;(2)肾实质性高血压3组各项参数相互之间经方差检验有明显差别。尤其是收缩压与舒张压负荷值,在肾功能不全失代偿期组明显升高,在肾功能衰竭期组已超过60%。(3)肾实质性高血压各组之间收缩压负荷值、舒张压负荷值及平均动脉压存在显著差异。结论:肾实质性高血压患者血压昼夜节律消失,当肾功能失代偿时,血压负荷值及MAP随着肾功能的进一步恶化而升高。     

Hypertension: New perspective on its definition and clinical management by bedtime therapy substantially reduces cardiovascular disease risk

Diagnosis of hypertension—elevated blood pressure (BP) associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk—and its management for decades have been based primarily on single time‐of‐day office BP measurements (OBPM) assumed representative of systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) during the entire 24‐hours span. Around‐the‐clock ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), however, reveals BP undergoes 24‐hours patterning characterized in normotensives and uncomplicated hypertensives by striking morning‐time rise, 2 daytime peaks—one ~2‐3 hours after awakening and the other early evening, small midafternoon nadir and 10‐20% decline (BP dipping) in the asleep BP mean relative to the wake‐time BP mean. A growing number of outcome trials substantiate correlation between BP and target organ damage, vascular and other risks is greater for the ABPM‐derived asleep BP mean, independent and stronger predictor of CVD risk, than daytime OBPM or ABPM‐derived awake BP. Additionally, bedtime hypertension chronotherapy, that is, ingestion of ≥1 conventional hypertension medications at bedtime to achieve efficient attenuation of asleep BP, better reduces total CVD events by 61% and major events (CVD death, myocardial infarction, ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke) by 67%—even in more vulnerable chronic kidney disease, diabetes and resistant hypertension patients—than customary on‐awaking therapy that targets wake‐time BP. Such findings of around‐the‐clock ABPM and bedtime hypertension outcome trials, consistently indicating greater importance of asleep BP than daytime OBPM or ambulatory awake BP, call for a new definition of true arterial hypertension plus modern approaches for its diagnosis and management.     

Muscle afferent and central command contributions to the cardiovascular response to isometric exercise of postural muscle in patients with mild chronic heart failure

The roles of muscle afferent activity and central drive in controlling the compromised cardiovascular system of patients with mild chronic heart failure (CHF) during isometric exercise were examined. Blood pressure and heart rate responses were recorded in eight stable CHF patients (ejection fraction 20-40%; age 62+/-11 years) and in nine healthy age-matched controls during voluntary and electrically evoked isometric plantar flexion and subsequent post-exercise circulatory occlusion (PECO). During voluntary contraction, control subjects had a greater mean increase in systolic blood pressure than patients (42.4+/-19.2 and 23.0+/-10.9 mmHg respectively; P<0.01), but this was not the case during PECO. During electrically evoked contraction, but not during PECO, the CHF group had smaller (P<0.05) mean increases in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure than controls (13.0+/-5.3 compared with 25.4+/-14.0 mmHg and 7.6+/-3.0 compared with 12.9+/-7.2 mmHg respectively). Intra-group comparison between responses to voluntary and electrically evoked contractions revealed greater (P<0.05) mean increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure during the voluntary contraction in both the patients and the control subjects. These data suggest that muscle afferent drive to the pressor response from the triceps surae is low in this age group, both in control subjects and in CHF patients. Additionally, the patients may have a relatively desensitized muscle mechanoreceptor reflex.     

老年高血压患者动态血压监测特点及其预测意义

目的：探讨老年高血压患者动态血压监测特点、正常值及其预测意义。方法：使用英国产MEDILOG ABP monitoring system无创伤性动态血压监测仪对80例老年高血压患者进行24h动态血压监测，包括采用固定日间和夜间时间段，日间每15min、夜间每30min记录1次。包括24h、日间和夜间收缩压及舒张压，24h、日间和夜间血压负荷值。结果：80 例患者24h平均压及平均脉压等常用参数值明显高于正常参考值，其中白大衣高血压占15％。结论：动态血压监测参数值比随测血压能更准确预测心脑血管并发症状发生。 单独诊断白大衣高血压与传统方式有高度一致性。     

Blood pressure behaviour in chronic daily headache

The objective was to examine the association between high blood pressure (BP) and chronic daily headache using 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitorization (24-h ABPM). This was a cross sectional study in an out-patient clinic. Women were selected among patients referred for first evaluation, 62 with chronic daily headache and 57 without chronic daily headache. The main outcome measures were mean office systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), mean systolic and diastolic daytime and night-time BP and BP load, and mean systolic and diastolic nocturnal fall. Office systolic BP was 138.2 mmHg for women with chronic daily headache and 141.7 mmHg for women without headache (P = 0.36). Office diastolic BP was 88.9 mmHg for women with headache and 92.7 mmHg for women without headache (P = 0.17). Mean daytime and mean night-time systolic BP was, respectively, 122.2 mmHg and 108.8 mmHg for women with headache and 122.9 mmHg and 109.5 for women without headache (P = 0.82 and P = 0.80, respectively). Mean daytime and mean night-time diastolic BP was, respectively, 78.6 mmHg and 65.4 mmHg for women with headache and 79.9 mmHg and 67.1 mmHg for the women without headache (P = 0.80 and P = 0.45, respectively). There was no difference between the two groups regarding systolic and diastolic BP load and nocturnal systolic and diastolic fall. No significant difference in BP values was observed in women with chronic daily headache compared with women without headache using 24-h ABPM.     

苯磺酸氨氯地平联合替米沙坦应用对老年原发性高血压患者血压晨峰和血压变异性的影响

目的：探讨苯磺酸氨氯地平联合替米沙坦对老年原发性高血压患者血压晨峰及血压变异性的影响.方法：选择2011年3月-2012年3月齐齐哈尔市第一医院收治的老年原发性高血压患者48例,给予苯磺酸氨氯地平（5mg/d）联合替米沙坦（40mg/d）治疗4周.治疗前后分别进行24 h动态血压监测,采用自身对照研究的方法对比分析治疗前后患者血压晨峰及血压变异性的差异.结果：与治疗前比较,老年原发性高血压患者治疗后的24 h平均收缩压、24 h平均舒张压、白昼平均收缩压、白昼平均舒张压、夜间平均收缩压、夜间平均舒张压、血压晨峰、24 h收缩压标准差、24 h舒张压标准差、24 h收缩压变异系数、24 h舒张压变异系数均下降,治疗前后比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.治疗后的总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇较治疗前下降,治疗前后比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论：氨氯地平联合替米沙坦降压治疗可有效降低老年高血压患者的血压晨峰及血压变异性.     

针刺治疗对原发性高血压患者血压和心率变异性的影响

目的:探讨针刺治疗对原发性高血压患者血压变异性和心率变异性的影响。方法:选择符合条件的60例原发性高血压患者进行针刺治疗,疗程为30 d,采用自身前后对照,分别于治疗前后完善24 h动态血压及24 h动态心电图检查。结果:针刺治疗后血压变异性各指标(24 h平均收缩压、24 h平均舒张压、24 h收缩压标准差、24 h舒张压标准差、白昼收缩压标准差、白昼舒张压标准差、夜间收缩压标准差、夜间舒张压标准差)均较治疗前降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);心率变异性各指标(连续RR间期标准差、平均5 min RR间期标准差、平均5 min RR间期标准差的平均值、连续RR间期差值的均方根值、相邻RR间期大于50ms的百分数)均较治疗前有所改善,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:针刺治疗能显著降低原发性高血压患者的血压变异性,改善心率变异性,从而可能改善高血压患者的靶器官损害。     

Effects of chronic atenolol therapy on cardiovascular response to isometric exercise in essential hypertension

Cardiovascular response to 2 min of isometric handgrip exercise at 50% of maximum voluntary contraction was studied echocardiographically in 10 essential hypertensives, before and during treatment with atenolol for a mean of 2 months. The patients responded with increases in heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, cardiac output and calculated triple product, no changes in stroke volume and total peripheral resistance, and decreases in ejection fraction, mean velocity of circumferential shortening and mean diastolic posterior wall velocity of the left ventricle before treatment. Chronic atenolol therapy attenuated the increases in heart rate, blood pressure and triple product, and the decreases in ejection fraction, mean velocity of circumferential shortening and mean diastolic posterior wall velocity of the left ventricle but resulted in a marked increase in total peripheral resistance. The pressure response and triple product rise in response to isometric handgrip exercise were also decreased. This suggests an obvious advantage to hypertensive patients who may, therefore, be protected from the risk of cardiovascular complications following isometric exercise.     

Ambulatory blood pressure-lowering effects of valsartan and enalapril after a missed dose in previously untreated patients with hypertension: a prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded end-point trial

Background: Approximately 3 days a month, some 15% to 20% of patients with hypertension do not recall having taken their antihypertensive medication. Individuals with this frequency of missed doses may be at increased risk for a cardiovascular event and may have a poorer long-term prognosis. Objective: This study used ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) to compare the blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects of valsartan and enalapril over the 24 hours after missing 1 dose in previously untreated patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, blinded end-point trial in previously untreated patients (age >18 years) with mild to moderate essential hypertension (European Society of Hypertension-European Society of Cardiology guidelines: systolic BP 140-179 mm Hg or diastolic BP 90-109 mm Hg). Patients were randomly assigned to receive 16 weeks of treatment with valsartan 160 mg/d or enalapril 20 mg/d, taken on waking. ABPM was conducted for 48 consecutive hours at baseline and again after 16 weeks of therapy. Patients took a dose of their assigned treatment at the beginning of the final session of ABPM and were instructed to skip the next daily dose. Results: The study enrolled 148 Spanish patients (84 men, 64 women; mean [SD] age, 45.8 [10.7] years) with previously untreated hypertension. At the end of treatment, there were significant differences between groups during the first 24 hours of ABPM, starting in the final 6 hours of the dosing interval (P < 0.001). There was no significant change in BP reduction between the first and second 24-hour periods of ABPM with valsartan (-2.1/-1.4 mm Hg), whereas enalapril was associated with a significant increase in BP over this period (5.5/3.8 mm Hg; P < 0.001 vs first 24 hours; P = 0.032 vs valsartan). Conclusions: In this study in previously untreated patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension, valsartan was associated with a sustained BP-lowering effect beyond the initial 24 hours after dosing, whereas enalapril was not. There was no significant change in the efficacy of valsartan in the 24 hours after a missed dose. At the doses tested, valsartan was more effective than enalapril, both during active treatment and after a missed dose.     

高血压伴夜间低氧血症对血压节律的影响

目的:观察高血压合并睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者血压的变化节律。方法:选择夜间打鼾、体重指数≥25的高血压患者95例,监测夜间7 h的血氧饱和度和24 h动态血压。根据夜间氧饱和度情况分为高血压合并低氧血症组和单纯高血压组,所有患者均经病史、体检、实验室检查排除继发性高血压、心力衰竭、脑血管病、肾功能衰竭、哮喘。结果:高血压合并低氧血症组24 b平均收缩压、24 h平均心率、白昼平均收缩压、白昼平均心率、夜间平均收缩压、夜间平均心率与单纯高血压组相比有显著差异(P<0.05);高血压合并轻、中度低氧血症组中75.3%患者动态血压昼夜节律消失,单纯高血压组血压昼夜节律消失占7.1% 杓型组与非杓型组患者夜间平均收缩压及夜间平均舒张压有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:高血压合并夜间低氧血症患者血压水平及心率较单纯高血压组明显增高,随着低氧血症的加重,增高趋势明显;高血压合并低氧血症组多数血压昼夜节律消失,非杓型组夜间血压较杓型组增高显著。     

ABPM comparison of the anti-hypertensive profiles of telmisartan and enalapril in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension

In this multicentre, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint (PROBE) study, the efficacy of 12 weeks' treatment with once-daily telmisartan 40-80 mg and enalapril 10-20 mg was evaluated using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in 522 patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. Patients were titrated to the higher dose of study drug at week 6 if mean seated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was > or = 90 mmHg. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in ambulatory DBP in the last 6 h of the 24-h dosing interval after 12 weeks' treatment. Telmisartan and enalapril produced similar reductions from baseline in DBP and systolic blood pressure (SBP) over all ABPM periods evaluated (last 6 h, 24-h, daytime and night-time). Telmisartan produced a significantly greater reduction in mean seated trough DBP, measured unblinded with an automated ABPM device in the clinic, amounting to a difference of -2.02 mmHg (P < 0.01). A significantly greater proportion of patients achieved a seated diastolic response with telmisartan than enalapril (59% versus 50%; P < 0.05), also measured with the same ABPM device. Both treatments were well tolerated. Compared with telmisartan, enalapril was associated with a higher incidence of cough (8.9% versus 0.8%) and hypotension (3.9% versus 1.1%). Therefore, telmisartan may provide better long-term compliance and, consequently, better blood pressure control than enalapril.     

Prognostic importance of various echocardiographic right ventricular functional parameters in patients with symptomatic heart failure.

Little is known about the prognostic importance of right ventricular (RV) systolic and diastolic function. The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic power of systolic and diastolic RV functional parameters derived from Doppler tissue imaging of tricuspid annular motion and to assess whether their combination might improve the risk stratification of patients with heart failure. In all, 140 patients with symptomatic heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction of 40% or less underwent standard echocardiography, Doppler tissue imaging of tricuspid annular motion, and right heart catheterization. They were followed up for a mean period of 17 months for cardiac-related death and nonfatal cardiac events including the implantation of cardioverter-defibrillator and hospitalization for heart failure decompensation. A total of 48 cardiac events occurred; 19 patients died, 26 were hospitalized for heart failure decompensation, and 3 because of the need for implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator. The peak tricuspid annular velocity during systolic ejection of 10.8 cm/s or less, peak early diastolic tricuspid annular velocity of 8.9 cm/s or less, tricuspid annular acceleration during isovolumic contraction of 2.52 m/s 2 or less, and Doppler RV index (Tei index) of 1.20 or more were found to significantly worsen survival or event-free survival. However, their combination significantly exceeded the predictive potential of individual parameters. The worst survival was predicted by the combination of peak tricuspid annular velocity during systolic ejection of 10.8 cm/s or less plus peak early diastolic tricuspid annular velocity of 8.9 cm/s or less plus tricuspid annular acceleration during isovolumic contraction of 2.52 m/s 2 or less (relative risk 6.17, P < .001), whereas the worst event-free survival was identified by the combination of peak tricuspid annular velocity during systolic ejection of 10.8 cm/s or less plus peak early diastolic tricuspid annular velocity of 8.9 cm/s or less plus Doppler RV index (Tei index) of 1.20 or more (relative risk 3.62, P < .001). In conclusion, the combination of RV systolic and diastolic functional parameters represents a very powerful tool for risk stratification of patients with symptomatic heart failure.     

The adjunctive effect of telmisartan in patients with hypertension uncontrolled on current antihypertensive therapy

This prospective, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group, multicentre study assessed the adjunctive effect of telmisartan monotherapy versus placebo in controlling blood pressure during the last six hours of the 24-hour dosing period. After a two-week run-in phase, 375 patients with essential hypertension uncontrolled on existing therapy were randomised to either placebo or telmisartan (40 mg uptitrated to 80 mg after four weeks, if needed) for eight weeks. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was conducted at randomisation (baseline) and treatment end. The change from baseline in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) over the last six hours (primary endpoint) was significantly greater with telmisartan than placebo (adjusted mean treatment difference in favour of telmisartan: -3.7 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI) -5.5, -1.9 mmHg, p < or = 0.001, n = 350), as was the reduction in 24-hour DBP (adjusted mean treatment difference: -5.0 mmHg, 95% CI -6.5, -3.5 mmHg, p < or = 0.001). Telmisartan also reduced mean systolic blood pressure significantly more than placebo over the last six hours and the entire 24-hour dosing interval. Responder rates (ABPM DBP, seated DBP, and overall [seated SBP/DBP]) at 8 weeks were significantly higher with telmisartan than with placebo (p < or = 0.01). All treatments were well tolerated. When added to existing antihypertensive regimens, telmisartan offers additional effectiveness while maintaining placebo-like tolerability.     

厄贝沙坦及倍他乐克对高血压患者动态血压的影响

目的观察厄贝沙坦及倍他乐克对高血压患者动态血压的影响。方法选择80例原发性高血压患者,分成厄贝沙坦组及倍他乐克组,每组40例。治疗前及治疗后3个月行24h动态血压检测,观察血压控制情况。结果治疗前两组患者血压无显著差异,经治疗后两组患者血压都有显著性下降,两组在治疗后24h夜均舒张压没有显著差异性,其余24h收缩压、24h舒张压、日间收缩压和舒张压、夜间收缩压均有显著差异性,厄贝沙坦组血压下降更明显。结论厄贝沙坦和倍他乐克对原发性高血压降压疗效均明显,厄贝沙坦组血压下降效果更佳。     

原发性高血压与靶器官损害相关因素的研究

为探讨血压升高与靶器官心、脑、肾损害的关系,应用无创性血压监测仪对164例原发性高血压病病人进行24h动态血压监测。结果：单纯收缩压升高占28.0%,单纯舒张压升高占14.0%,混合型血压升高占57.7%;白昼血压升高占25.6%,夜间血压升高占17.1%,持续性血压升高占57.3%;原发性高血压靶器官损害以脑损害为主,其次为心脏、肾脏损害,提示：原发性高血压病程、血压负荷值与心、脑、肾损害密切相关;血压升高类型、血压升高时间与心脑损害相关。     

重组人脑利钠肽治疗顽固性心力衰竭临床研究

目的 研究重组人脑利钠肽(rhBNP)治疗顽固性心力衰竭(RHF)患者血液动力学效应及安全性.方法 选择住院期间经常规抗心力衰竭药物强化治疗无明显改善的RHF患者16例,给予rhBNP 1.5 μg/kg静脉冲击后,以0.007 5μg/(kg·min)连续静脉滴注24h.在给药后24h内监测有创血液动力学参数、血压、心率及血清生化指标,应用rhBND 3 d后,行超声心动图检测心脏指数(CI)、左心室舒张末期容积(LEVDD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF).结果 在注射rhBNP 15 min时肺毛细血管楔压[PCWP(22.7±4.0)mm Hg与(25.3±3.9)mm Hg]、平均肺动脉压[MPAP(31.9±3.6)mm Hg与(34.6±7.8)mm Hg]较基础值明显下降(P＜0.05);收缩压在给药后1h下降[(105.2±11.5)mm Hg与(119.0±17.2)mm Hg],差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.01),以后逐渐恢复至基线时水平;用药24h心率也明显改善[(109.0±10.8)次/min与(82.2±8.6)次/min](P ＜0.01);血钾、血钠、血肌酐无明显变化;用药3d后CI[(3.7±0.6)L/m2与(1.8±0.4)L/m2]和EF[(43.1±8.3)％与(31.2±6.4)％]均有明显改善,LVEDD明显缩小[(63.6±5.7)mm与(67.3±6.2)mm](P均＜0.01).未发生与rhBNP相关的症状性低血压及其他严重不良反应.结论 静脉应用rhBNP能迅速改善RHF患者血液动力学状况,且安全可行.     

慢性肾脏病非透析患者血压昼夜节律与甲状旁腺素关系的研究

目的 观察慢性肾脏病非透析患者24小时血压动态变化,探讨血压昼夜节律异常与甲状旁腺素的关系.方法 随机选择承德市中心医院肾内科非透析的慢性肾脏病患者130例.动态血压监测采用携带式动态血压检测仪进行检测及数据分析.24小时平均血压≥130/80 mmHg(1 mmHg＝0.133 kPa)为高血压组102例,＜130/80mmHg为正常血压组28例.同时检测血常规及血肌酐、尿素、血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺素、白蛋白等生化指标.结果 正常血压组夜间收缩压下降率、夜间舒张压下降率、杓型血压比例[M(QR)]分别为6.8(7.3)％、7.3(7.5)％、8(28.6)％,高血压组夜间收缩压下降率、夜间舒张压下降率、杓型血压比例分别为4.2(9.0)％、1.7(7.1)％、25(24.5)％,两组间夜间舒张压下降率差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.01),但夜间收缩压下降率和杓型血压比例在两组间的差异无统计学意义.在高血压组平均舒张压≥90 mmHg的63例患者中夜间收缩压下降率为5.4(10.5)％,血全段甲状旁腺激素为(168.12±113.87) ng/L,两者呈负相关(r=-0.414,P＜0.05).在正常血压组28例中,夜间收缩压下降率和夜间舒张压下降率均和年龄呈负相关(r =-0.690,r=-0.631,均P＜0.01).在高血压组102例中,夜间舒张压下降率和重组人红细胞生成素用量呈负相关(r＝-0.430,P＜0.05).结论 慢性肾脏病非透析患者血压节律异常与血甲状旁腺素呈负相关;还与年龄、重组人红细胞生成素用量等因素有关.     

高血压合并冠心病患者血压变异性及动态血压的变化

[目的]分析高血压合并冠心痛患者的血压变异性与动态血压变化特点.[方法]选取2014年6月至2015年6月本院收治的160例高血压患者的临床资料.根据冠脉造影(CGA)结果或冠脉CT成像(CTA)诊断结果将其分为冠心病合并高血压组(n=80,观察组),单纯性高血压组(n=80,对照组),对两组患者动态血压和血压变异性指标进行分析比较.[结果]观察组患者日间平均收缩压、夜间平均收缩压、24h平均收缩压、日间平均脉压、夜间平均脉压、24h平均脉压、日间平均收缩压标准差、夜间平均收缩压标准差、24h平均收缩压标准差均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);观察组与对照组患者在日间平均舒张压、夜间平均舒张压、24h平均舒张压、日间平均舒张压标准差、夜间平均舒张压标准差、24h平均舒张压标准差方面比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).[结论]高血压合并冠心病患者其动态血压波动比较大,且血压变异性相对增大,加强其血压动态血压与血压变异性监测对冠心病合并高血压的临床诊治有着一定的作用.     

Left ventricular systolic and diastolic functional abnormalities in asymptomatic patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relations between left ventricular (LV) functional abnormalities, microangiopathy, and autonomic dysfunction in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). We studied 66 normotensive patients with NIDDM of > or =4 years' duration (age, 51 +/- 4.5 years; 35 men) and no clinical evidence of cardiac disease. Twenty-one healthy subjects matched for age and sex served as a control group. Echocardiography and Doppler studies were performed to assess LV systolic and diastolic function. Microangiopathy was assessed by fundus examination. Autonomic function was assessed by standing blood pressure and heart rate response to Valsalva maneuver. Patients with NIDDM had a lower ejection fraction (58% +/- 11% versus 66% +/- 4%, P <.0001), E-F deceleration slope (382 +/- 75 versus 427 +/- 31 cm/s(2), P <.05), and E velocity (55 +/- 11 vs. 58 +/- 6 cm/s, P =.02) of the mitral diastolic flow, compared with control subjects, respectively. Patients with ejection fraction <50% had a higher prevalence of retinopathy (65% versus 29%, P <.005), abnormal blood pressure response to standing (53% versus 8%, P <.0005), and proteinuria (65% versus 27%, P =.006). An inverse correlation was found between the duration of diabetes and both the ejection fraction (r = -0.53, P <.05) and E/A ratio (r = -0.4, P <.005). E/A ratio <1 was associated with a higher prevalence of retinopathy (49% versus 20%, P =.01) and abnormal blood pressure response to standing (29% versus 4%, P <.005). Patients with NIDDM and no symptoms of cardiovascular disease have a reduced LV systolic and diastolic function as compared with healthy subjects. LV systolic and diastolic abnormalities are correlated with the duration of diabetes and with other diabetic microangiopathies such as diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy.