学龄前儿童智能发育抽样调查

为了研究儿童在不同的家庭及环境中得到早期教育 ,每对夫妻都希望能有一个健康又聪明的孩子 ,但是年轻的父母要从我做起 ,提高自身文化修养 ,才能更好的培养好下一代。1　对象和方法1.1　对象　 1996年 5月～ 1997年 6月在我院出生智能正常的3 0 0例学龄前儿童。1.2　方法　我们于 2 0 0 0年 6月至 2 0 0 1年 5月抽样调查 ,市区15 0例 ,农村 15 0例。由专业人员负责 ,在安静舒适 ,噪音在 60分贝环境下进行测试 ,采取ＮＪ12儿童智商测试仪 (ＰＰＶＴ) ,儿童图片词汇测试法测试 ,获得智商值 ,体格发育指标评价值 ,年龄身高体重等等数 ,进行分…     

引导式教育对脑瘫儿童智能发育的影响分析

目的 观察引导式教育对脑瘫儿童智能发育的影响及其临床意义.方法 选取62例在我院康复的脑瘫儿童,随机分为两组各31例,对照组采取常规康复治疗方法,观察组在常规治疗基础上加入引导式教育治疗.治疗6个月后比较两组患儿治疗前后的粗大运动、精细运动、言语能力、适应性、社会交往等各项指标发育商(DQ)值变化.结果 两组各项DQ值均明显好于治疗前(P＜0.05),但观察组的改善效果明显好于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 应用引导式教育可显著提高脑瘫患儿的智能发育.     

学龄前儿童感觉统合失调与智能发育的关系

目的探讨感觉统合失调对学龄前儿童智能发育的影响。方法随机整群抽取兰州市5所幼儿园3~5岁儿童828名,采用感觉统合评定量表（3~6岁版）、自行设计的家庭相关因素问卷对828名儿童家长进行调查。随机抽取63名感觉统合失调儿童和64名正常儿童进行韦氏（上海-WPPSI）智力测验。结果失调组儿童总智商、操作智商低于正常组;常识、动物房、迷津和木块图案得分较正常儿童差;两组儿童言语智商（VIQ）与操作智商（PIQ）分离的比例无统计学意义。结论感觉统合失调对学龄前儿童的智能发育有一定程度的影响,使儿童空间概念认识能力、空间结构以及视觉运动的协调能力不足,儿童的学习能力、记忆力和注意力表现较差。     

学龄前儿童体格发育影响因素研究

随机抽样调查表明，我市学龄前儿童体格发育处于较低水平，与我国９省市同龄儿童发发育标准比。男童体重达到标准均值的百分率为４７．０９％，身高达均值率为４１．９５％，女童体重达均值率为４１．５８％，身高达均值率为３９．７６％，经多元逐步回归分析影响儿童体格发育的因素有儿童出生体重，父母身高，母亲职业辅食添加情况，儿童营养不良Ｋａｕｐ指数以及儿童日均活动量的大小等因素。指出改善学龄前儿童营养，推广均衡饮食     

成都市城区学龄前儿童血铅水平对体格发育影响的探讨

[目的]探讨血铅水平高低对学龄前儿童体格发育有无影响。[方法]对264名3～5岁学龄前儿童进行血铅测试和体格发育检查。[结果]以美国国家疾病控制中心制定的铅中毒标准0．483μmol／L为界线，血铅水平高低对幼儿的体格发育(体重、身长、头围、胸围及血红蛋白)未见影响。[结论]血铅水平对幼儿体格发育未见影响，但血铅对儿童神经发育的影响已被证实，因此儿童期应尽量减少与铅接触。     

早期教育对儿童智能发育长期影响的研究

[目的]探索婴幼儿期早期教育对儿童智能发育的长期影响。[方法]将140名正常孕妇随机分为早教组和对照组,早教组自胎儿5月至婴儿1岁期间在医生指导下实施早教训练,1～3岁期间提供家长训练手册由家长在家中训练。1岁和3岁时使用Gesell发育诊断量表进行测试,7岁时使用韦氏儿童智力量表修订版进行测试。[结果]1岁和3岁时早教组儿童的发育商高于对照组儿童。7岁时两组儿童智商差异无统计学意义。[结论]早期教育可促进婴幼儿的智能发育,但未发现对学龄儿童存在长期影响。     

引导式教育对脑瘫合并智力障碍患儿智能发育的影响

目的:观察引导式教育(CE)对脑瘫合并智力障碍患儿智能发育的影响。方法:86例1.5～6岁脑瘫患儿随机分为两组,对照组应用常规康复治疗;观察组在常规康复治疗的基础上应用CE治疗,每天约3～4 h,每周5天,于治疗前及治疗6个月后,采用首都儿科研究所与中国科学院心理研究所合作编制的儿童心理发育诊断量表(0～6岁)进行发育商(DQ)测定。比较两组疗效。结果:经过6个月的CE训练,观察组DQ值提高幅度较对照组更为明显,观察组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:引导式教育可促进脑瘫合并智力障碍患儿的智能发育,改善其预后。     

学龄前儿童微量元素检测对儿童生长发育影响研究

目的：了解学龄前儿童铜、锌、钙、镁和铁水平情况,探讨学龄前儿童微量元素检测对儿童生长发育影响。方法：选取2019年11～2020年10月期间145例进行常规健康体检的儿童,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪检测铜、锌、钙、镁和铁水平。结果：不同性别儿童铜、锌、钙、镁和铁水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);婴幼儿期的锌明显低于学龄前儿童的水平;婴幼儿期的铁为略低于学龄前儿童;而婴幼儿期的钙略高于学龄前儿童的水平。不同年龄段儿童锌、钙和铁水平差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),铜和镁水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同性别儿童铜、锌、钙、镁和铁缺乏率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同年龄段锌的缺乏率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),婴幼儿期儿童锌的缺乏率远高于学龄前儿童,铜、镁和铁缺乏率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);学龄前儿童的BMI与锌和钙水平呈正相关,差异均有统计学意义(r>0,P<0.05);学龄前儿童的BMI与铜、镁和铁水平差异均无统计学意义(r>0,P>0.05)。结论：通过开展学龄前儿童的微量元素检测,了解其...     

托幼机构儿童健康体检状况分析及对策研究

目的 了解重庆北碚区托幼机构儿童健康体检状况并提出改善措施,以保障在园儿童的身体健康。方法 对北碚区5个街道所有托幼机构儿童2012-2014年健康体检结果进行体检分析。结果 北碚区托幼机构儿童身高、体重达标率达98.93%以上;消瘦、低体重和生长迟缓率分别为0.83%、0.68、0.95%,且呈逐年下降的趋势;肥胖、龋齿及视力不良发生率分别由2012年的5.15%、31.67%、24.03%上升到2014年的6.04%、57.72%、29.33%;私立托幼机构儿童的低体重率、发育迟缓发生率、龋齿患病率、贫血患病率均高于公立托幼机构的儿童,差异有统计学意义。公立托幼机构儿童的肥胖率和超重率明显高于私立托幼机构的儿童,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);男童的肥胖率及超重率高于女童,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);女童的龋齿患病率、视力不良发生率及营养性贫血发生率高于男童,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 北碚区托幼机构儿童健康体检状况良好,但超重及肥胖、龋齿、视力不良情况不容乐观。故今后北碚区托幼机构健康管理的重点为五官保健,妇幼保健机构应加强对私立托幼机构卫生保健工作的督导力度。     

小儿智力糖浆在脑瘫患儿中的治疗作用

目的:探讨中成药小儿智力糖浆对脑性瘫痪(cerebral palsy,CP)患儿运动、语言与认知行为发展的影响。方法:90例CP患儿随机分为对照组45例,采用常规神经生理学疗法,疗程3个月;治疗组45例,采用常规神经生理学疗法加小儿智力糖浆口服,疗程3个月。比较两组患儿治疗前后的Gesell儿童发育量表、Bayley婴幼儿发展量表的评分结果。结果:治疗3个月后治疗组患儿Gesell儿童发育量表的应物能、应人能、语言能和Bayley婴幼儿发展量表的智力指数与对照组比较,差异显著或非常显著(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:小儿智力糖浆可能对CP患儿的认知行为和语言有一定程度的改善作用。     

Energy intakes of children with cerebral palsy

The energy intakes of 13 children [seven girls, six boys, mean age 10 years (s.d. 4; range 4–15 years)] with cerebral palsy attending a residential school were measured by 3-day weighed dietary record. Energy intake averaged 340 kj/kg per day (s.d. 93; range 102–424) which was higher than the group mean estimated energy requirement (271 kj/kg per day, s.d. 70; range 144–395). The mean coefficient of variation for day to day energy intake was 14%, and food energy not consumed (plate waste and food unsuccessfully ingested) averaged 22% of energy intake. Within the group there was little evidence of marked differences in energy intake between different diagnostic types of cerebral palsy or between children of different feeding/eating ability, although the sample size was too small to detect small between-group differences in intake. Energy intake was somewhat higher than that reported in some other studies, but there was no evidence of the unusually high energy intakes which have been reported previously in some groups of children with cerebral palsy.     

脑性瘫痪儿童合并视功能障碍临床分析

【目的】对脑性瘫痪儿童视功能障碍的发生及相关因素进行探讨。【方法】对347例脑性瘫痪儿童进行常规眼科检查,并对其中合并视功能障碍的患儿的病因、其他并发症及脑瘫类型进行统计分析。【结果】脑瘫患儿视功能障碍的发病率为14.41%,其中主要的视功能障碍为斜视,发病率为11.53%。【结论】视功能障碍的康复是脑性瘫痪患儿整体康复的重要内容之一。     

学龄前儿童智力发展平衡性分析

目的描述城市学龄前儿童的智力发展状况,为学龄前儿童教育提供参考依据。方法选取合肥市3所公办幼儿园的342名学龄前儿童,采用中国—韦氏幼儿智力量表进行智力测验。结果342名学龄前儿童言语智商、操作智商和总智商得分均呈右偏分布,儿童言语智商显著低于操作智商（t=-19.325,P=0.000）。有43.9%学龄前儿童发生智商分离,其中操作智商〉言语智商占97.3%;智商分离率随着智商等级的增高而逐渐降低。言语分量表、操作分量表和全量表的离散程度与智力水平的关系均呈现完全相反的趋势,且差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论学龄前儿童智商分离现象值得关注,应加强对学龄前儿童智力结构影响因素的研究。     

The development of understanding of quantity in children with cerebral palsy

Very few studies have been reported examining understanding of quantity conservation in children who are physically handicapped. Even fewer focus on conservation concepts in children with cerebral palsy. One study has attempted to teach three such children. There is a clear need to explore the extent of development of conservation in cerebral palsied children and to reveal processes in their developing understanding when they are given specific teaching. Individual differences are particularly great and appropriate adaptation of task presentation and criteria for understanding are necessary. Detailed case studies are important. Here two boys, close in age, diagnosed as having spastic cerebral palsy from birth, and attending the same special school, are studied. Pretested for conservation of six attributes, given teaching designed to advance their understanding from their initial level, and posttested, they were found to have increased their understanding. They both improved their performance on conservation tasks, showed generalised understanding, and clearly gained from the experiences and explanations of conservation included in the teaching. The findings have both theoretical and practical implications which encourage further investigation.     

学龄前脑性瘫痪儿童149例营养状况调查分析

目的 探讨学龄前脑性瘫痪儿童的营养不良状况及其与临床分型、分级之间的关系。方法 测量149例0～6岁脑性瘫痪住院患儿的身高、体重、血红蛋白值,计算其低体重、发育迟滞、消瘦及贫血率;并分析营养不良各项指标与脑瘫类型、临床分型、粗大运动功能分级(Gross Motor Function Classification System,GMFCS)之间的关系。与正常学龄前儿童的营养不良状况进行对比。结果 学龄前脑性瘫痪儿童低体重、发育迟滞、消瘦及贫血率分别为:31.54%、33.55%、41.28%、28.85%,其营养不良发生率均明显较正常儿童高。在不随意运动型脑瘫及痉挛型进行比较中,低体重及消瘦组差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05),发育迟缓与贫血在这两个组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。105例痉挛型脑性瘫痪儿童,其低体重、发育迟缓、消瘦、贫血的发生率分别为:26.6%、31.43%、24.76%、28.57%。营养不良与脑性瘫痪的分级在低体重、发育迟缓及消瘦分组中差异都有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 脑性瘫痪儿童的营养不良比正常学龄前儿童明显高。加强其营养不良的干预力度是非常有意义及势在必行的。     

Health status of caregivers of children with cerebral palsy

Background and Aims While a ‘Family‐Centered’ approach to care is accepted as best practice in the context of childhood disability, it may lead to increased demands on family members by requiring them to be active participants in their child's care. This may impact upon the physical and mental health of the caregiver and therefore needs to be investigated. This study aimed to assess the health status of caregivers of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Ireland and to identify vulnerable subgroups. Methods A cross‐sectional postal survey was conducted using a questionnaire incorporating the SF‐36v2.0. The sample consisted of male and female caregivers of children with CP, representing all levels of ability. Two questionnaires were sent to each child's home; a total of 312 questionnaires were sent to the homes of 156 children. Results Completed questionnaires were returned by 161 caregivers (100 women, 61 men) of 101 children, giving a response rate of 65%. Caregivers of children with CP were found to have poorer health than the Irish general population, for whom normative data exist. Female caregivers had poorer health than male caregivers in both the physical (P < 0.05) and mental health (P < 0.001) domains of the SF‐36. Caregivers spending more time caring had significantly poorer mental health than those spending less time caring (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the health of caregivers of ‘more independent’ versus ‘more dependent’ children, apart from the latter group reporting higher levels of bodily pain (P < 0.05). Conclusion This study provides evidence of the inferior health status of caregivers of children with CP in Ireland, particularly that of women.     

Quantity concept development in individuals with cerebral palsy

Only a very small number of studies have been reported examining understanding of quantity conservation in individuals with cerebral palsy. The present investigation builds on two initial studies and breaks new ground focusing on order of concept development in this population compared to a non-handicapped one. Fifteen subjects, diagnosed as having spastic cerebral palsy from birth and attending the same special school or day unit, were tested on a wide range of quantity conservation tasks: number, substance, length, area, weight and volume. These individuals showed a similar sequence, in development of quantity concepts, to those without a handicap; scalogram analysis supported similarity in sequence. Indications of other similarities and differences were noted.