高中生吸烟行为影响因素问题行为理论方法分析

目的了解北京市某区不同性别、类型学校高中生尝试吸烟状况,以问题行为理论为基础探讨影响高中生尝试吸烟行为的因素。方法方便选取北京市某区重点高中、普通高中和职业高中各1所,采用问题行为理论提出者Jessor编制的《青少年健康与发展问卷》的中文版调查了1 325名高中生。结果高中生尝试吸烟报告率为26.6%(325/1325),其中男生报告率为35.5%(225/633),女生报告率为18.4%(127/692)。有尝试吸烟行为高中生的自我控制、同伴吸烟控制、家庭吸烟控制平均分分别为(3.05±0.80)、(3.35±0.72)、(3.09±0.96)分,均低于未尝试吸烟行为高中生,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。高自我控制、同伴健康行为榜样、来自同伴和家庭的高吸烟控制、高家庭控制、高学校支持是降低高中生尝试吸烟行为的保护因素;同伴吸烟榜样、邻居吸烟榜样、容易获得香烟、高偏差行为是增加高中生尝试吸烟行为的危险因素。结论应用问题行为理论可以部分解释高中生尝试吸烟行为。     

环境感知系统与高中生吸烟行为的关系

目的探讨北京市高中生吸烟行为与环境感知系统中各因素的关系,为开展青少年控烟工作提供依据。方法方便选取北京市重点高中、普通高中和职业高中各1所,采用青少年健康与发展问卷中文版调查1 325名高中生,并对影响高中生吸烟的环境感知系统中各因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果高中生尝试吸烟报告率为26.6%(男生35.5%,女生18.4%),现在吸烟报告率为8.8%(男生14.2%,女生3.9%)。高中生吸烟行为与环境感知系统有密切关系,来自同伴和邻居的吸烟榜样是增加高中生吸烟行为的重要危险因素。结论改善环境感知系统有利于预防和控制青少年吸烟。     

西安市高中生吸烟行为与自尊及人格关系

目的 了解陕西省西安市在校高中生吸烟状况及吸烟行为与其自尊、人格的关系,为预防和矫治高中生吸烟行为提供依据.方法从西安市抽取4所中学的高一、高三年级学生691人,问卷调查自尊、人格与高中生吸烟的关系.结果西安市高中生吸烟率为39.8％,男生占86.2％,女生占13.8％,吸烟率性别差异有统计学意义(x2=143.140,P＜0.001);男生吸烟行为与自尊(t= -3.150,P=0.002)、精神质(t=-5.379,P=0.000)和神经质(t= -5.379,P=0.000)有密切关系;女生吸烟行为与自尊(t= -0.180,P=0.049)有密切关系;Logistic回归结果表明,男性(OR=9.207)、低自尊(OR=2.111)和精神质(OR=1.727)是吸烟行为的主要危险因素.结论高中生吸烟行为与其自尊和人格因素有密切关系.     

河南省濮阳市高中学生吸烟行为及相关因素分析

目的了解濮阳市高中生的吸烟行为及相关因素，为制定干预措施提供依据。方法采用整群抽样方法，对濮阳市4所高中的1421名学生进行问卷调查。结果共调查1421名高中生，吸烟报告率为29．28％；男生吸烟报告率高于女生，13岁以下开始吸烟的学生占21．88％，13～18岁之间吸烟比例最大，占66．83％，随着年级的增加，吸烟率呈上升趋势；重点高中学生吸烟报告率低于普通高中；高中生吸烟与家庭环境、父母及同学朋友的吸烟行为、父母的文化程度等有关。30．19％的学生对吸烟持赞成态度，78．82％的学生认为学校里应该戒烟。结论高中生吸烟现象较普遍，应引起学校、家庭和社会的关注和重视，积极采取有效的干预措施控制吸烟。     

北京市顺义区中学生吸烟相关行为流行现状

目的了解北京市顺义区中学生吸烟相关行为流行现状,为开展中学生控烟干预提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,随机抽取初中生904名,高中生1026名进行问卷调查。结果中学生现在吸烟率为8．1％,男生（13．8％）高于女生（2．9％）（P〈0．01）;高中生（9．5％）高于初中生（6．5％）（P〈0．05）。尝试吸烟率为27．0％,男生（35．1％）高于女生（19．6％）（P〈0．01）;高中生（33．1％）高于初中生（20．1％）（P〈0．05）。从商店或小商贩处购买是学生获得香烟的的最主要途径。结论顺义区中学生现在吸烟率略低于北京市平均水平,但尝试吸烟率高于北京市平均水平,而且呈现年轻化趋势。因此应重视中学生的吸烟行为,尽早采取科学合理的措施预防中学生吸烟,同时加强行业管理,切实做到不向未成年人出售香烟。     

南昌市高中学生吸烟现状及相关因素

目的 了解在校高中生吸烟现状、影响因素及对控烟态度,为更有效地在青少年中开展控烟提供依据。方法 现况调查。结果 总吸烟率为８．１４％,其中男生吸烟率（１１．９０％）高于女生（２．３５％）;职高学生吸烟率最高（１３．８８％）。与吸烟有关的主要因素为好奇和社交需要等;家庭经济收入、父母职业与化程度;主课教师吸烟、父母吸烟或母亲吸烟与学生吸烟关系尤为显;对控烟行动有６０％￣８５％持积极态度。结论 高     

北京市中小学生吸烟及被动吸烟现状调查

【目的】探讨北京市中小学生吸烟及被动吸烟行为的流行水平,为开展北京市中小学生控烟干预工作提供依据。【方法】采用方便抽样的方法对东城区、朝阳区和怀柔区三个区12所中小学校1 200名学生进行问卷调查,应用自填式问卷对其被动吸烟的暴露情况进行调查。【结果】中小学生吸烟率为4.2%(男生7.9%,女生0.7%)。影响中小学生吸烟的因素主要有:同伴、家庭、学校和个人认知的影响。90%以上的学生知晓不论是主动吸烟还是被动吸烟都会有害健康,54.2%的学生还存有"吸烟会减轻体重"的错误认识。在调查前7日内,有54.1%的中小学生曾经暴露在被动吸烟的环境下。【结论】北京市中小学生吸烟与被动吸烟的形势严峻,家庭和学校还应承担更大的责任,避免学生过早地吸食烟草制品以及长期暴露于被动吸烟的环境之下。     

上海市卢湾区青少年吸烟情况调查

目的探索一条降低青少年吸烟率、对青少年吸烟行为进行干预的有效措施。方法采用多阶段抽样方法,选取本区内初中、高中、职校各一所,采用问卷调查方法进行调查。结果调查显示,青少年吸烟的平均年龄为14.79±1.41岁;对吸烟危害和被动吸烟危害知晓率较高,分别为85.6%和77.9%;不知道《烟草控制框架公约》的有47.9%;初中生与高中生和职校生的吸烟情况有显著性差异,高中生与职校生的吸烟情况无显著性差异。结论对青少年吸烟行为要采取综合措施,联合学校、家庭和社会积极进行干预。     

上海市中学生吸烟行为影响因素及未来吸烟意向分析

探讨影响上海市中学生吸烟行为的相关因素及其对未来吸烟意向的影响,为控制青少年吸烟行为干预措施提供参考.方法 采用分层随机整群抽样法抽取上海市5个区68所中学的26 508名学生,进行现场匿名问卷调查.结果 上海市中学生尝试吸烟率、未来1年和5年的吸烟意向分别为11.6%,8.0%和14.1%,男生(15.7%,10.9%,19.3%)高于女生(7.3%,5.0%,8.6%)(x2值分别为452.97,306.42,629.04,P值均<0.01),职校生(29.2%,21.3%,31.6%)高于高中生(12.5%,9.3%,16.1%)和初中生(6.8%,4.2%,8.9%)(x2值分别为1 677.56,362.25,1 470.29,P值均<0.01).多因素Logistic回归分析表明,父母吸烟、同伴吸烟、学校缺少控烟教育课程、媒体吸烟信息高暴露使学生尝试吸烟行为和未来吸烟意向的风险较高(P值均<0.01).结论 青少年吸烟行为的发生和未来吸烟意向与家庭、同伴、学校、社会环境密切相关,需要多措并举,采取互为支持的综合干预措施降低学生吸烟行为的发生.     

浙江省湖州市农村中学生吸烟现状及影响因素分析

目的了解湖州市农村地区中学生吸烟行为及其影响因素,为制定有效的防控措施提供科学依据。方法采取分层随机整群抽样法,对705名农村中学生进行吸烟现状及影响因素的问卷调查。结果农村中学生尝试过吸烟（包括只吸1口）的占14.43％,其中男生为21.41％,女生为8.58％,差异有统计学意义（X^2=22.67,P=0.00）;初中生尝试吸烟率为12.09％,高中生尝试吸烟率为16.71％,差异有统计学意义（X^2=5.10,P〈0.05）;经非条件Logistic逐步回归分析,朋友中有人吸烟、有喝酒经历、父母中有人吸烟、认为“吸第一支烟是避免成为吸烟者的关键”的同学,其发生尝试吸烟行为的危险性分别是其他中学生的3.01、2.84、2.02和0.44倍。结论湖州市农村中学生尝试吸烟现象较为普遍,好友吸烟、喝酒行为、父母吸烟对中学生吸烟行为产生严重影响。应在学校里开展预防吸烟、喝酒等危险行为的健康教育活动,向吸烟学生开展控烟同伴教育,在家庭中给孩子创造无烟环境。     

Depressive mood, the single-parent home, and adolescent cigarette smoking.

The association between depressive mood and cigarette smoking among adolescents was examined within a multivariate model. Subjects were 205 eleventh graders (123 boys and 82 girls) enrolled in a Northeast metropolitan public high school for science-oriented students. Logistic regression analysis showed an independent relation of depressive mood, friends' smoking behavior, and living in a single-parent home with cigarette smoking. Depression scores correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked. These associations suggest that depressive mood and stress may contribute to the onset of smoking.     

Prevalence of cigarette smoking among Australian secondary school students in 1993

Abstract: The prevalence of cigarette smoking in Australian secondary school students in 1993 was estimated from a survey of 22 696 12- to 17-year-old students from 332 secondary schools (and feeder schools) in all states and the Northern Territory. Self-administered questionnaires were answered anonymously by groups of up to 20 students selected randomly from school rolls, a method that replicated previous surveys in 1984, 1987 and 1990. Current smoking (smoking at least one cigarette in the week preceding the survey) at 12 years of age was 8 per cent in boys and 7 per cent in girls, but in those 17 years of age the prevalence was much higher (28 per cent of boys, 31 per cent of girls). Age was also associated with the mean number of cigarettes smoked per week by current smokers (8.6 in boys and 7.0 in girls at age 12 and 43.8 in boys and 32.0 in girls at age 17). After controlling for sex, age, school type and state of residence, the percentage of 12- to 15-year-olds who were current smokers rose from 15.7 per cent to 17.5 per cent between 1990 and 1993, an effect that was more pronounced in boys. On the other hand, the mean number of cigarettes smoked by 12- to 15-year-old current smokers dropped from 23 per week to 19.5, and the reduced consumption was greatest in boys. Furthermore, there was no increase in the proportion of students who smoked on three or more days per week, which suggests the increase was limited to occasional, casual or social smoking.     

Development trends of first cigarette smoking experience of children: the Bogalusa heart study.

During one school year a health habits survey investigated cigarette smoking behavior in a total biracial population of children, ages 8 to 17 years old. Information was collected concerning each child's first smoking experience. Over 60 per cent of the children reported they were given their first cigarettes. Half of those starting before age 12 smoked their first cigarettes with a family member or an older fried. The smoking habit appears to have become established by age 14, with a two-year gap between initiation and maintenance.     

Dealing with daily hassles: smoking and African-American adolescent girls.

PURPOSE: To examine cigarette use and its relationship to daily life hassles in an urban sample of African-American adolescent girls. METHODS: A sample of 105 African-American adolescent girls (mean age of 15.45 years) derived from a larger cross-sectional research project titled "Female Adolescent Substance Experience Study" funded by the National Institute of Drug Abuse comprised the sample. The sample was divided into adolescents who had ever smoked in their lifetime and adolescents who had never smoked before. Student's t-tests were conducted to determine whether there were differences between these groups on demographic characteristics and the number of daily life hassles. Pearson product moment correlations were also conducted to examine the association between age of smoking initiation and number of hassles. RESULTS: Less than 50% of the teenagers had ever smoked cigarettes in their lifetime, and of those who had ever smoked, the average age of initiation was 12.55 years (SD = 2.63). Furthermore, girls who had ever smoked, in contrast to girls who had never smoked, had a significantly greater number of daily life hassles, in general, and within the school/academic and family/economic domains in particular. Age of smoking initiation was negatively related to the number of hassles, indicating that girls who started to smoke at a younger age reported more hassles. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are discussed in terms of developing an understanding of gender and ethnic-specific correlates of smoking that can be used to better delineate the developmental smoking trajectory of African-American girls.     

A survey of smoking behavior among junior high school students and smoking prevention education developed using the survey results]

In June 1996 and 1997, a self-administered anonymous questionnaire survey of smoking behavior was conducted on students (118 boys and 135 girls) of two junior high schools in Kami-gun, Kochi Prefecture. Following the surveys, smoking prevention education classes were held using the survey results as material for education. The survey results were as follows; 1. The percentage of ever-smokers was higher in boys than in girls, 37.9% and 22.8% respectively. The percentage of those who smoked at least one cigarette during the past one month was 2.9%, and the rate increased with school grade. 2. Most commonly, first experience of smoking was between the 4th to 6th grades in elementary school, and the main motive for first smoking was curiosity. 3. The association between smoking and lung cancer was the most widely known, and that between smoking and intrauterine growth retardation was relatively well-known among students. More than 90% of students clearly understood the harmfulness of passive smoking. 4. The results of logistic regression analyses revealed that friends' and parents' smoking were significant correlates of smoking experience in boys. Among girls no significant relationship was found. The content of smoking prevention education class consisted of quizzes about smoking, an explanation of the survey results, an exhibition of a cross-sectional model of the lung, an experiment of smoking using a small doll, an analysis of expired air carbon monoxide concentration, and an explanation of the harmfulness of smoking. The reports of the students after the class showed that not only the explanation of the harmfulness of smoking, but also the experiment or explanation of the survey results appeared to be effective educational content.     

A survey of cigarette smoking among middle school students in 1988

A survey of the prevalence of smoking in middle school students aged 13-21 years in Harbin city, China, was undertaken in the Spring of 1988. A random sample of 4712 students was selected using proportional stratified clustering. A self-administered confidential questionnaire relating to smoking habits and certain family and school factors was administered. The results showed that 1.29% of the students (2.21% boys and 0.38% girls) smoked regularly, 5.62% (10.52% boys and 0.76% girls) were light smokers and 13.77% (24.29% boys and 2.92% girls) smoked only occasionally. Smoking habits were related to the type of school and to age, there being a higher proportion of smoking in senior grade students. Students were significantly more likely to smoke if they were male and if their siblings smoked. Prevalence of regular smoking was not related to parental occupation or family income. It is suggested that anti-smoking education in the school curriculum should be directed towards students in middle school.     

Family background to and personal characteristics underlying teenage smoking. Background to teenage smoking

Smoking habits at the age of 14 were studied in a series of about 11,000 children in Northern Finland. This cohort study was started before the birth of the child as a family inquiry. 6.4% of the children smoked every day and 59.5% were non-smokers. Of the family background variables, parents' smoking, a one-parent family, and number of children in the family had the strongest association with juvenile smoking. Family background variables explained only 6.5% of the total variance in smoking among the girls and 3.5% among the boys, but when characteristics of the children themselves were also introduced into the analyses, 55.7% and 42.7% of the variance respectively could be explained. Juvenile smoking had the strongest association with drinking and excessive drinking of alcohol, poor school performance, less frequent participation in sports and greater body height.     

青少年学生吸烟饮酒及其他药物使用的现状调查

目的了解青少年学生吸烟饮酒及其他药物使用的现状，为预防吸烟饮酒对青少年身体的危害提供数据。方法以菏泽市6所学校的1699名青少年学生为研究对象，采用修订的青少年危险行为调查问卷。结果51．4％的学生吸过烟，14．2％的学生近期内吸烟，8．0％的学生经常吸烟，12．8％的学生尝试过戒烟，15．5％的学生在13岁前就吸过1整支烟。76．5％的学生喝过酒，36．7％的学生近期内喝酒，27．7％的学生喝醉，37．1％的学生在13岁前饮酒。6．5％的人未经医生许可私自服用镇静安眠类药物，6．2％的人对服用过的药物有依赖。在吸烟、饮酒及其他药物使用的得分上，大学生高于高中生，高中生高于初中生。男生明显高于女生，农村学生普遍高于城市学生（P〈0．01）。结论青少年学生吸烟饮酒及其他药物使用的情况较为普遍，学校应针对青少年学生不同年龄阶段的特点，开展有针对性的健康教育，以减少吸烟饮酒对其的危害。     

Cigarette smoking and its risk factors among elementary school students in Beijing.

OBJECTIVES. This study investigated patterns of and risk factors for smoking among elementary school children in Beijing, China. METHODS. In 1988, anonymous questionnaires were administered to a multistage stratified cluster sample of 16996 students, aged mostly 10 to 12, in 479 fourth- to sixth-grade classes from 122 Beijing elementary schools. RESULTS. Approximately 28% of boys and 3% of girls had smoked cigarettes. The most frequently cited reasons for smoking initiation were "to imitate others'' behavior" and "to see what it was like." Girls were more likely to get cigarettes from home than to purchase their own. Having close friends who smoked and being encouraged by close friends to smoke were strong risk factors for smoking. Smoking was also associated with lower parental socioeconomic status; having parents, siblings, or teachers who smoked; buying cigarettes for parents; performing poorly in school; and not believing that smoking is harmful to health. CONCLUSIONS. Gender differences in smoking prevalence among adolescents in China are larger than those among US teenagers, whereas the proximal risk factors for smoking are similar. Major efforts are needed to monitor and prevent smoking initiation among Chinese adolescents, particularly girls.     

高中生吸烟行为特征及与其他危险行为关系分析

目的了解蚌埠市高中生的吸烟特征,为制定有效的干预措施提供科学依据。方法采取分层随机整群抽样,在蚌埠市区12所中学高中班中随机抽取11所中学22个班的全体学生进行问卷调查。结果3 131名高中生中,有800名高中生曾经吸过一整支烟,曾经吸烟率为25.6%,男生高于女生,其中,35.8%的学生吸一整支烟时的年龄<13岁,15~16岁是青少年尝试吸烟的高发年龄。8.9%的高中生曾有过经常性吸烟行为。在调查前30 d,4.6%的学生在学校吸烟,男生高于女生;4.9%的学生平均每天吸烟≥2支,男生高于女生;获得香烟的方式以在商店买烟为主,占50.5%。多因素logistic回归分析表明:最近12个月打架,厌学情绪、最近30 d饮酒、谈恋爱、性行为、最近7 d上网吧、参加校内运动队、性别对高中生吸烟影响最大。结论应及早对青少年进行控制吸烟的健康教育,使他们认识到吸烟的危害,自觉抵制烟草。同时对其他相关危险行为进行干预,以发挥干预措施的综合效应,提高控烟效果。