纳米制剂在透皮药物递送系统中的应用研究进展

透皮药物递送系统作为一种非侵入式给药途径，与传统给药方式相比具有顺应性高、无首过效应等优势。纳米技术的应用使得透皮药物递送系统的药物选择范围进一步扩大，并提高了药物的治疗效果，形成了一种极具价值、令人期待的新型给药方式。目前常用于透皮药物递送系统的纳米制剂包括纳米乳、脂质纳米囊泡、脂质纳米粒、聚合物纳米粒、纳米晶体、溶致液晶纳米粒等。介绍了皮肤屏障和透皮递送的常用促渗方法，综述了各类应用于透皮药物递送系统的纳米制剂及其与物理促渗方法联合应用的研究进展，以期为纳米制剂在透皮递送方面的深入研究提供参考。     

抗肿瘤药物靶向载体系统的研究与开发

综述肿瘤靶向给药的基础和抗肿瘤药物靶向载体系统的发展。分类介绍普通被动靶向载药系统（如微乳、传统脂质体、聚合物纳米粒、固体脂质纳米粒、纳米脂质载体、药-脂结合物纳米粒等）、表面修饰的被动靶向载药系统及主动靶向载药系统（如免疫脂质体、免疫聚合物纳米粒及受体-配体介导靶向纳米载体）的研究与开发。在传统药物制剂的基础上，发展抗肿瘤药物的新型靶向载体系统，改善药物在体内的代谢动力学特性，增加药物定向富集到肿瘤部位甚至肿瘤细胞内，提高疗效，降低毒副作用，是近年来备受关注的课题。     

跨血脑屏障纳米给药系统载体的研究进展

目的:为深入研究和开发治疗脑部疾病的药物提供参考。方法:以"血脑屏障""纳米给药系统""脑靶向""纳米药物""载体""Blood brain barrier""Brain targeting""Drug delivery system""Nanomedicine""Carrier"等为关键词,组合查询2001-2016年在Pub Med、Elsevier、中国知网、万方、维普等数据库中的相关文献,对跨血脑屏障(BBB)纳米给药系统载体的研究成果进行综述。结果与结论:共检索到相关文献242篇,其中有效文献26篇。脑靶向纳米给药系统的常用载体有脂质体、聚合物胶束、聚合物纳米粒、树枝状聚合物及固体脂质纳米粒。将脑靶向纳米载体系统用于脑部疾病对于诊断和治疗疾病意义重大,其能在一定程度上克服BBB阻碍作用,有很好的应用前景。但脑靶向纳米给药系统大多数仍停留在基础研究层面,在研究中仍存在着多种问题。今后应寻找BBB选择性更高的作用靶点,研发高效、低毒的跨BBB纳米药物。     

脑靶向纳米载体系统的研究进展

目的纳米载体可跨越血脑屏障靶向脑组织,提高脑内药物浓度,实现脑靶向。此文综述了脂质体、聚合物纳米粒、聚合物胶束、纳米凝胶、微乳和固体脂质纳米粒等纳米载体系统脑靶向给药的最新研究进展,并讨论了透过血脑屏障的机制。     

基于纳米技术的口腔黏膜给药系统

口腔黏膜给药具有药物吸收迅速、无首过效应、患者依从性好等优点。但药物溶解少、唾液携带药物进入胃肠、黏膜存在生理屏障等因素可能影响药物的黏膜渗透和生物利用度。纳米技术应用于药物口腔黏膜给药,可克服上述不利因素,获得高效吸收效果。本综述阐述了口腔黏膜生理结构及影响药物口腔黏膜吸收的因素,汇总了脂质体、固体脂质纳米粒、纳米结构脂质载体、纳米乳、聚合物纳米粒、聚合物胶束、纳米混悬剂等纳米技术在口腔黏膜给药中的应用及促进药物吸收机制,总结了目前研究存在的主要问题,对纳米口腔黏膜给药系统应用前景进行了展望。     

聚合物空心纳米球及其在药学领域的应用

概述聚合物空心纳米球的制备和表征检测方法以及作为给药载体在药学领域的应用.聚合物空心纳米球用作载药系统具有独特优势,除了具有靶向性和控、缓释性,它还可提高载药量、药物生物利用度及系统稳定性.     

纳米给药系统在难溶性药物制剂研究中的应用

近年来,难溶性药物给药系统一直是制剂学研究的重点和难点之一。纳米载体由于其良好的生物相容性及可装载大量难溶性药物等特点而被广泛应用于难溶性药物给药系统的研究,该类载体主要包括纳米粒、脂质体、纳米乳、聚合物胶束、纳米混悬剂等。本文结合近几年国内外文献报道,对纳米给药系统在难溶性药物制剂研究中的最新进展进行概述。     

脑肿瘤靶向纳米递药系统的研究进展

脑肿瘤中恶性肿瘤较为常见,脑瘤发展快、治疗难导致了较高的死亡率。采用化学药物治疗时,药物进入脑肿瘤组织必须通过血脑屏障和血- 脑瘤屏障。一些有潜力的抗肿瘤药物由于自身物理化学性质的限制,不能有效到达肿瘤。针对脑肿瘤形成和发展不同阶段的特点,目前脑肿瘤靶向递药有3 种策略：跨血脑屏障（BBB）转运递药、跨血- 脑瘤屏障（BBTB）转运递药和利用实体瘤的高通透性和滞留效应（EPR 效应）递药,已被广泛研究的纳米递药载体有脂质体、固体脂质纳米粒、聚合物胶束、树枝状聚合物、碳纳米管、聚合物纳米粒、磁性纳米粒等。控制载药纳米微粒粒径大小以及对其表面进行修饰可改善药物在体内的分布与滞留,提高化疗药物的疗效,降低毒副作用。多级靶向纳米递药系统有潜力成为治疗脑肿瘤的重要辅助方式。     

多西紫杉醇纳米制剂的研究进展

摘 要多西紫杉醇作为一种高效广谱的抗肿瘤药,临床上用于不同类型实体瘤的治疗,但是水溶性差限制了其制剂的开发。纳米载药系统在提高难溶性药物溶解度、靶向给药、减少药物不良反应等方面极具发展前景。因此,采用纳米载体传递多西紫杉醇的研究受到广泛关注。本文综述了近几年来多西紫杉醇纳米制剂的研究进展,包括脂质体、纳米粒、生物共轭物、聚合物胶束、纳米乳、纳米囊、树枝状聚合物等,以期为新型纳米制剂的开发和应用提供参考。     

环糊精纳米给药系统在药物传递中的应用

目的对目前环糊精纳米给药系统的应用进行综述。方法参考近年来国内外文献共28篇,根据纳米制剂形成的驱动力不同将常见的环糊精纳米制剂分为四类进行分类和评述。结果基于环糊精的纳米给药系统综合应用环糊精包合技术和纳米技术共同改善药物的性质。根据形成纳米制剂的驱动力不同,主要分为四类:主分子—客分子介导的环糊精纳米载体、两亲性环糊精衍生物纳米粒、基于环糊精的聚合物纳米粒、无机环糊精纳米粒。同时介绍了环糊精纳米制剂的药剂学应用、研究进展以及发展前景。结论 环糊精纳米给药系统不仅能解决纳米粒载药量过低的缺点,还能达到靶向性,显著提高难溶性药物的生物利用度,极具发展前景和应用价值。     

纳米粒在目艮部给药系统中的研究近况

介绍了近年来纳米粒在眼部给药系统中的研究情况。传统眼用制剂的主要缺陷为生物利用度低,药物在眼部保留时间短,刺激性较强,且药物一般只能到达眼前段组织;而新型纳米粒制剂不但能克服传统眼用统制剂存在的问题,还可实现靶向给药,故极具开发价值。     

Polymeric nanocarriers for nose-to-brain drug delivery in neurodegenerative diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders

Neurodegenerative diseases are progressive conditions that affect the neurons of the central nervous system(CNS) and result in their damage and death. Neurodevelopmental disorders include intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and stem from the disruption of essential neurodevelopmental processes. The treatment of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental conditions, together affecting ～120 million people worldwide, is challenged by the blo...     

Drug delivery targets and systems for targeted treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease that selectively attacks human joints. The common non-targeted treatment approaches lead to obvious side effect and systemtic complication for RA patients. Therefore, targeted drug delivery for treatment of RA has gained much attetntion in the past few years. In this paper, we reviewed the potential targets (folate receptor, angiogenesis, matrix metalloproteases, selectins, vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor andFc-γ receptor) that could be utilised to facilitate the specific delivery of drugs to the inflammed synovium and also presented different drug delivery systems for targeting RA, including the liposomes, various types of nanoparticles, polymeric micelles and the macromolecular prodrugs. The strategies combining nanotechnologies and ligand mediated active targeting for RA would be emphatically illustrated, which was expected to be helpful for identifying technologies and drug delivery methods for targeted treatment of RA.     

Polymeric core-shell nanoparticles for therapeutics

1. Nanobiotechnologies have recently attracted significant attention from chemists, biologists, engineers and pharmaceutical scientists. In particular, they have been widely applied to improve drug, protein/peptide and gene delivery. 2. This review presents recent advances in the field of drug, protein/peptide and gene delivery using natural and synthetic polymer nanoparticles and explains how polymeric nanoparticles are specifically designed to suit the needs for targeted delivery of small molecular drugs, proteins/peptides and genes. In addition, some of the challenges and prospects for these technologies are discussed.     

Recent advances in anti-multidrug resistance for nano-drug delivery system

Chemotherapy for tumors occasionally results in drug resistance, which is the major reason for the treatment failure. Higher drug doses could improve the therapeutic effect, but higher toxicity limits the further treatment. For overcoming drug resistance, functional nano-drug delivery system (NDDS) has been explored to sensitize the anticancer drugs and decrease its side effects, which are applied in combating multidrug resistance (MDR) via a variety of mechanisms including bypassing drug efflux, controlling drug release, and disturbing metabolism. This review starts with a brief report on the major MDR causes. Furthermore, we searched the papers from NDDS and introduced the recent advances in sensitizing the chemotherapeutic drugs against MDR tumors. Finally, we concluded that the NDDS was based on several mechanisms, and we looked forward to the future in this field.     

Alternative drug delivery approaches for the therapy of inflammatory bowel disease

This article shall give an overview on drug delivery systems for new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The various features of the different approaches allowing locally restricted drug delivery to the inflamed colon are discussed including the main physiological and pathophysiological limitations for the different systems. Conventional drug delivery systems are tightly adapted from developments for colonic delivery by oral administration triggered by release mechanisms owing to the physiological environment that these systems encounter in the colonic region. The newer developments in this context aim for an increased selectivity of drug delivery by targeting mechanisms which have a closer relation to pathophysiological particularities of the disease. Therefore, we were focused especially on new strategies for such treatment including liposomal formulations, cyclodextrins, micro- or nanoparticles, viral gene therapy approaches, and others. Effective and selective delivery even of an otherwise nonspecifically acting drug could provide new therapeutic pathways in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.     

Recent advances in brain tumor-targeted nano-drug delivery systems

INTRODUCTION: Brain tumors represent one of the most challenging and difficult areas in unmet medical needs. Fortunately, the past decade has seen momentous developments in brain tumor research in terms of brain tumor-targeted novel nano-drug delivery systems with significant important superiority over conventional formulations with respect to decreased toxicity and improved pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics. AREA COVERED: This review first introduces the characteristics of the two major obstacles in brain-tumor targeted delivery, blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB), and then reviews recent advances in brain tumor-targeted novel nano-drug delivery systems according to their targeting strategies aimed at different stages of brain tumor development and growth. EXPERT OPINION: Based on continuously changing vascular characteristics of brain tumors at different development and growth stages, we propose the concept of 'whole-process targeting' for brain tumor for nano-drug delivery systems, referring to a series of overall targeted drug delivery strategies aimed at key points during the whole development of brain tumors.     

纳米药物载体在经皮给药系统中应用的研究进展

目的介绍纳米药物载体在经皮给药系统中的应用。方法查阅国内外文献共31篇,从纳米药物载体在经皮给药系统中的应用及各自的优势和不足等方面进行综述。结果纳米药物载体具有提高药物的化学稳定性、促进药物经皮吸收、控制药物释放以及定位给药等优点,在药物的经皮吸收方面具有广阔应用前景。结论纳米药物载体为药物的经皮通透提供了新的途径和方法,但是其安全性和有效性仍需进一步研究。     

氧化还原敏感型靶向纳米给药系统的研究进展

理想的肿瘤靶向给药系统应在肿瘤部位高度累积且快速释放药物,而在血液循环中无泄漏,利用肿瘤环境改变的氧化还原状态及细胞内外的谷胱甘肽差异,结合纳米给药系统,可实现精准肿瘤靶向.本文对氧化还原敏感型靶向纳米给药系统的原理、氧化还原敏感键及其构建方法进行了介绍,并对基于脂质体、纳米粒、纳米胶束、纳米凝胶4种载体的不同氧化还原...     

Smart drug delivery systems for precise cancer therapy

Nano-drug delivery strategies have been highlighted in cancer treatment, and much effort has been made in the optimization of bioavailability, biocompatibility, pharmacokinetics profiles, and in vivo distributions of anticancer nano-drug delivery systems. However, problems still exist in the delicate balance between improved anticancer efficacy and reduced toxicity to normal tissues, and opportunities arise along with the development of smart stimuli-responsive delivery strategies. By on-demand responsiveness towards exogenous or endogenous stimulus, these smart delivery systems hold promise for advanced tumor-specificity as well as controllable release behavior in a spatial-temporal manner. Meanwhile, the blossom of nanotechnology, material sciences, and biomedical sciences has shed light on the diverse modern drug delivery systems with smart characteristics, versatile functions, and modification possibilities. This review summarizes the current progress in various strategies for smart drug delivery systems against malignancies and introduces the representative endogenous and exogenous stimuli-responsive smart delivery systems. It may provide references for researchers in the fields of drug delivery, biomaterials, and nanotechnology.