经皮冠状动脉介入治疗急性冠状动脉综合征64例

目的观察经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）急性冠状动脉综合征（AES）的临床疗效。方法对64例ACS患者经股动脉途径施行急诊或择期PCI,13例ST段抬高性心肌梗死（STEMI）患者施行直接PCI治疗,补救性PCI治疗4例STEMI,延迟性PCI治疗11例STEMI,择期PCI治疗36例不稳定型心绞痛和非ST段抬高性心肌梗死（UA/NSTEMI）。结果PCI操作成功率100％,随访1～31个月,临床症状明显改善,未发生支架内急性／亚急性或后期血栓形成,无血小板减少症,无再次心肌梗死、心衰和猝死。结论直接PCI扩大了治疗刚、EMI的适应证,迅速使梗死相关动脉开通并恢复正常血流,可提高高危患者生存率。补救性PCI是静脉溶栓失败后的一种补救措施,STEMI患者的延迟性PCI和UA／NSTEMI患者的择期PCI对改善心肌缺血、降低心血管事件发生率和死亡率同样有效。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死延迟PCI治疗的临床疗效评估

目的 探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者心肌梗死后10~12 d行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的临床价值.方法 将120例急性心肌梗死患者分为治疗组和对照组各60例,治疗组在发病10~12 d行PCI治疗,对照组给予常规药物治疗,观察两组心脏心功能和心肌梗死面积变化及心脏不良事件的发生情况.结果 急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死错过急症PCI行延迟PCI术仍能改善患者心功能及预后,两组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).随访期间延迟PCI组不良事件总发生率为6.7%(4/60);药物保守治疗组不良事件总发生率为18.3%(11/60),两组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);延迟PCI组的心肌梗死面积回缩率显著大于单纯药物保守治疗组(P<0.05).结论 急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死后10~12 d经皮延迟冠脉介入治疗可以减少患者心血管事件的发生,改善患者心功能及预后,安全有效.     

急性心肌梗死经皮腔内冠脉介入治疗后心电图ST段回落不良对临床预后的影响

目的 探讨ST段抬高型急性前壁心肌梗死急诊直接经皮腔内冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后,心电图ST段回落(STR)对临床预后的影响.方法 对65例ST段抬高型急性前壁心肌梗死患者进行急诊直接PCI术前、术后1h各记录心电图1次,检测STR情况.PCI术后1 h STR≥50％患者为STR组(46例),STR＜ 50％者为STR不良组(19例),术后1、6、12个月各进行三维彩色超声心动图检查1次,测量患者左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末径(LVEDd).随访1年,观察患者PCI术后1年内心血管事件发生率.结果 STR不良组1、6、12个月的LVEF值低于STR组(P均＜0.05),LVEDd值大于STR组(P均＜0.05),心血管事件发生率稍高于STR组,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 ST段抬高型急性前壁心肌梗死直接PCI后1h STR不良者预后差、心血管事件发生率较高、左室心功能恢复不良.     

急性ST段抬高心肌梗死溶栓联合择期PCI治疗的效果分析

目的:研究急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者应用溶栓联合择期经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的临床疗效.方法:回顾分析120例接受溶栓治疗STEMI患者的临床资料,其中,68例溶栓再通后择期PCI患者为观察组,另52例未行PCI者为对照组,比较两组的临床疗效.结果:观察组的心血管不良事件(MACE)发生率为8.82%,显著低于((P<0.05).结论:STEMI溶栓后择期PCI能够降低MACE发生风险、改善心功能,改善临床预后,值得推广应用.     

急性ST段抬高心肌梗死溶栓联合择期PCI治疗的效果分析

目的:研究急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者应用溶栓联合择期经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析120例接受溶栓治疗STEMI患者的临床资料,其中,68例溶栓再通后择期PCI患者为观察组,另52例未行PCI者为对照组,比较两组的临床疗效。结果:观察组的心血管不良事件(MACE)发生率为8.82%,显著低于((P0.05)。结论:STEMI溶栓后择期PCI能够降低MACE发生风险、改善心功能,改善临床预后,值得推广应用。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死介入治疗对脑利钠肽及心室重构的影响

目的探讨经皮冠状动脉介入术治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)对患者脑利钠肽及心室重构的影响。方法 96例急性STEMI患者根据经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)时机的不同分为观察组(n=47)与对照组(n=49),观察组给予直接PCI,对照组给予择期PCI,比较两组患者脑利钠肽(BNP)水平及左心室重构情况,同时观察两组患者近期预后。结果 PCI术前两组BNP水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后两组BNP均显著降低(P<0.05),且观察组术后显著低于对照组(P<0.01);术前两组LVEDd及LVEF均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后两组患者LVEDd显著降低(P<0.01),LVEF显著增高(P<0.01),且术后观察组显著优于对照组(P<0.01);随访6个月两组心源性死亡率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 PCI术对STEMI疗效可靠,在直接PCI术患者中心室重构的改善及BNP水平的下降较为明显,但直接PCI或择期PCI对于患者近期预后无明显影响。     

溶栓后时间优化PCI对急性心肌梗死患者远期预后的影响

目的:评价溶栓后时间优化PCI(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)对急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infraction,AMI)患者远期预后的影响?方法:分析对比经溶栓后时间优化PCI或直接PCI(primary percutaneous coronary intervention,PPCI)治疗的132例ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST elevation myocardial infraction,STEMI)患者的临床资料,包括治疗6个月内主要心脏不良事件(major adverse cardiac event,MACE)?左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)和氨基末端脑利钠肽前体(N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide,NT-Pro BNP),比较两种不同PCI策略对患者远期预后的影响?结果:两组患者除PCI术前冠脉造影心肌梗死溶栓(thrombolysis in myocardial infaction,TIMI)积分差异有统计学意义外,PCI治疗6个月后MACE事件发生率?LVEF及NT-Pro BNP水平均无统计学差异?结论:溶栓后时间优化PCI对STEMI患者远期预后的影响与PPCI相当,是无全天候PPCI能力医院抢救急性STEMI患者的一个可靠合适的替代方法?     

血栓抽吸在紧急经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的临床观察

目的 评价急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者紧急经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中应用血栓抽吸的效果及对预后的影响.方法 选择接受紧急PCI的STEMI患者156例,分成血栓抽吸组与直接PCI组,比较两组间TIMI 3级血流,胸痛缓解率、2小时ST段回落率、肌酸激酶(CK)及其同工酶(CK-MB)峰值、左室射血分数(LVEF),住院期间及术后3个月内主要心脏不良事件(MACE,包括死亡、心肌梗死和靶血管再成形术和缺血性卒中)的发生率.结果 血栓抽吸组的TIMI 3级血流、2小时胸痛缓解率、ST段回落率、CK及CK-MB峰值、LVEF值明显优于直接PCI组,住院期间及术后3个月内心脏不良事件发生率,两组之间差异无显著性.结论 紧急PCI中应用血栓抽吸能有效地改善心肌灌注,但并不减少住院期间及术后3个月心脏主要不良事件的发生.     

替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死直接经皮冠状动脉介入术后心肌灌注和临床预后的影响

目的观察替罗非班对ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PCI）后心肌灌注和临床预后的影响。方法选择75例符合直接PCI的急性STEMI患者,随机分为替罗非班实验组（38例）和对照组（37例）,实验组在PCI基础上加替罗非班,对照组直接行PCI,观察两组术后心肌缺血再灌注损伤,住院期间主要心血管事件（MACE）及临床预后。结果治疗组在PCI术前后冠脉TIMI以及TMP分级、心电图ST段回落、7d后左心室射血分数（LVEF）、主要心血管事件（MACE）发生率等方面显著优于对照组,术后肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）峰值、住院天数、出血并发症、住院期间主要心血管事件（MACE）两组之间无差异。结论对于急性STEMI行PCI前应用替罗非班可更有效地改善冠脉血流及临床预后,方法安全。     

替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死直接经皮冠状动脉介入术后心肌灌注和临床预后的影响

目的观察替罗非班对ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PCI）后心肌灌注和临床预后的影响。方法选择75例符合直接PCI的急性STEMI患者,随机分为替罗非班实验组（38例）和对照组（37例）,实验组在PCI基础上加替罗非班、对照组直接PCI,观察两组术后心肌缺血再灌注损伤,住院期间主要心血管事件（MACE）及临床预后。结果治疗组在PCI术前后冠脉TIMI以及TMP分级、心电图ST段回落、7d后左心室射血分数（LVEF）、主要心血管事件MACE发生率等方面显著优于对照组,术后肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）峰值、住院天数、出血并发症、住院期间主要心血管事件（MACE）两组之间无差异。结论对于急性STEMI行PCI前应用替罗非班可更有效的改善冠脉血流及临床预后,方法安全。     

急性ST段上抬型心肌梗死合并1型心肾综合征的危险因素

目的：探讨急性ST段上抬型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者发生1型心
肾综合征(cardio-renal syndrome Type 1,CRS1)的危险因素。方法：STEMI患者378例分为CRS1组(n=98)和非CRS1
组(n=280)。比较两组患者的临床资料,分析STEMI患者发生CRS1的独立危险因素,观察急诊冠脉介入治疗
(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)对STEMI患者发生CRS1的影响。结果：378例STEMI患者中发生CRS1共98例
(25.9%),两组间年龄、糖尿病史、入院平均动脉压、入院收缩压、入院心率、Killip分级、左室射血分数、血清肌酐
基值、基础预估肾小球滤过率(evaluated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR)、急诊PCI、β-受体阻滞剂 和血管紧张素转化酶
抑制剂/血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂(angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors / angiotensin II receptor antagonist,ACEI/ARB)应
用在内的十二项指标差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05),多因素logistic分析显示年龄、糖尿病史、入院收缩压降低、心
功能Killip分级、左室射血分数降低、基础eGFR降低、未急诊PCI、未使用ACEI/ARB药物是STEMI患者发生CRS1的独
立危险因素。256例患者接受急诊PCI,50例(19.5%)出现CRS1。CRS1组门-球时间及对比剂用量明显高于无CRS1患者
(均P<0.05),但术后“罪犯血管”血流恢复情况两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论：CRS1是STEMI常见的
并发症,其发生与多种因素有关,及时的血运重建能降低STEMI患者的CRS1发生率。     

SYNTAX积分与急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后心血管事件的关系

Objective:To investigate the predictive effect of SYNTAX score for in-hospital and one-year prognosis outcome in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods:A total of 312 patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI were divided into three groups based on SYNTAX scores which were calculated by angiography results. Group A (n＝170) was defined as baseline SYNTAX score (bSSC) ＜22, group B bSSC＝22-32 (n＝90), group C bSSC＞32 (n＝52).Results:(1) Group B and group C had a higher proportion of patients with diabetes, a higher CK-MB, UA, fasting glucose compared with group A (P＜0.05). (2) The proportions of patients with severe adverse cardiovascular events in-hospital in three groups were 6.6% (n＝11), 31.1% (n＝28), 36.5% (n＝19) respectively (P＜0.05). (3) For patients whose follow-up periods were between (14.2±0.8) months, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed log-rank （P＜0.001 ) was found among major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), all-cause death, non-fatal MI, unplanned revascularization for ischemia, rehospitalization due to heart failure. (4) By multivariable analysis, bSSC and rSSC were found to be significant independent predictor for all ischemic outcomes at year 1, including MACE (HR＝1.059, 95% CI: 1.035-1.083, P＜0.001; HR＝1.056, 95% CI: 1.033-1.081, P＜0.001). Conclusion:The SYNTAX score is an independent predictor for in-hospital as well as long-term mortality and MACE in patients with acute STEMI undergoing primary PCI.     

SYNTAX积分与急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后心血管事件的关系

目的:探讨SYNTAX积分对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊介入治疗术后院内及1年预后的预测作用。方法:连续纳入因急性STEMI行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的患者共312例,根据冠状动脉造影结果计算SYNTAX积分后分为3组,A组170例为基线SYNTAX积分(b SSC)<22分;B组90例,b SSC=22~32分;C组52例,b SSC>32分。结果:(1)B组、C组与A组比较,合并糖尿病患者的比例较高,肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、尿酸(UA)及空腹血糖水平较高,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。(2)A、B、C 3组患者院内严重不良心血管事件发生的比例分别是6.6%(n=11)、31.1%(n=28)、36.5%(n=19),差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。(3)入选患者平均随访(14.2±0.8)月,Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,3组主要不良心血管事件(MACE)、全因死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、非计划再次PCI、因心力衰竭发作入院治疗的累积事件发生率有显著差异,log-rank P<0.001。(4)多因素Cox回归分析显示,b SSC(HR=1.059,95%CI:1.035~1.083,P<0.001)、剩余SYNTAX积分(r SSC)(HR=1.056,95%CI:1.033~1.081,P<0.001)是STEMI患者急诊PCI术后MACE的独立预测因子。结论:院内及随访结果显示b SSC是STEMI患者急诊PCI术后MACE的独立预测因子。     

Outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction in patients aged over 75 years

Background The optimal reperfusion strategy in elderly patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety, in-hospital and one-year clinical outcomes for patients 〉75 years of age with STEMI receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）, compared with those treated by conservative approach. Methods One hundred and two patients 〉75 years of age with STEMI presented 〈12 hours were randomly allocated to primary PCI （n=50） or conservative therapy only （n=52）. The baseline characteristics, in-hospital outcome and major adverse cardiac events （MACE）, including death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularization at one-year clinical follow-up were compared between the two groups. Results Age, gender distribution, risk factors for coronary artery disease, infarct site and clinical functional status were similar between the two groups, but the patients in primary PCI group received less low-molecular- weight heparin during hospitalization. Compared with conservative group, the patients in primary PCI group had significantly lower occurrence rate of re-infarction and death and shortened hospital stay. The composite endpoint for in-hospital survivals at 30-day follow-up was similar between the two groups, but one-year MACE rate was significantly lower in the primary PCI group （21.3% and 45.2%, P=0.029）. Left ventricular ejection fraction was not significantly changed in both groups during follow-up. Multivariate analysis revealed that primary PCI （OR=0.34, 95% CI： 0.21-0.69, P =0.03） improved MACE-free survival rate for STEMI patients aged 〉 75 years. Conclusion Our results indicated that primary PCI was safe and effective in reducing in-hospital mortality and one-year MACE rate for elderly patients with STEMI.     

Impact of angina prior to acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction on short-term outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention: results from the Shanghai Registry of Acute Coronary Syndrome (SRACE)

Background  The clinical significance of ischemic chest pain before acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains an interesting issue of investigation particularly in the era of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study aimed to assess the impact of angina prior to STEMI on short-term clinical outcomes in patients with acute STEMI undergoing primary PCI.

Methods  Among a total of 875 consecutive patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI, 292 had episodes of angina within 24 hours of STEMI (PA group) and the remaining 583 were free of anginal symptoms (non-PA group). Clinical characteristics, angiographic and procedural features, and in-hospital and 30-day outcomes were compared between the two groups.

Results  Diabetes was less common (17.5% vs. 23.3%, P=0.04) and symptom-to-door time was shortened ((191.6±96.8) minutes vs. (357.2±341.9) minutes, P <0.001) in the PA group than in the non-PA group. Patients with angina prior to STEMI had fewer totally or nearly totally occluded infarct-related artery (TIMI flow grade 0–1) at initial angiography (75.0% vs. 90.7%, P <0.001), and achieved more TIMI flow grade 3 after primary PCI (84.2% vs. 78.2%, P=0.04). These were associated with higher rates of overall procedural success (95.9% vs. 91.8%, P=0.02) and of complete ST-segment resolution at 90 minutes after the procedure (51.7% vs. 40.3%, P=0.001). During a 30-day clinical follow-up, the left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly improved ((53.0±8.6)% vs. (51.1±9.7)%, P=0.002) and the primary endpoint of major adverse cardiac events was reduced in the PA group (7.2% vs. 12.7%, P=0.01).

Conclusion  Presence of angina prior to acute STEMI is associated with better outcome at a 30-day clinical follow-up in patients undergoing primary PCI.

     

磺达肝癸钠对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死接受直接PCI患者的疗效和安全性研究

目的评价磺达肝癸钠对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死（ST-segment e1evation myocardia1 infarction,STEMI）患者接受直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）的疗效和安全性。方法 STEMI并且接受直接PCI患者160例,随机分成观察组（82例）和对照组（78例）。观察组使用磺达肝癸钠＋类普通肝素（unfractionated heparin,UFH）安慰剂,对照组使用UFH＋类磺达肝癸钠安慰剂,采用随机双盲平行对照法。主要观测指标为第9天的死亡或再梗死率及出血事件,以及随访第3天、第30天、1年和3年时二次评估。结果磺达肝癸钠组第9天出血事件4.9%（4/82）,显著低于对照组出血事件14.1%（11/78）,P〈0.05,两者有统计学差异;同样结果见于随访的第30天。磺达肝癸钠组第9天死亡或再梗死率8.5%（7/82）,对照组7.7%（6/78）,P〉0.05,两者无统计学差异;同样结果见于第3天、第30天、1年和3年。磺达肝癸钠组中2例患者PCI术期间发现导管内血栓,且直接PCI术前均未接UFH。结论与UFH相比,磺达肝癸钠在STEMI接受直接PCI治疗的人群中,明显减少出血事件,且未增加死亡和再梗死率。单用磺达肝癸钠有发生导管内血栓事件的趋向,可考虑联合应用UFM。     

EB病毒和人巨细胞病毒感染对儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病PTEN及hTERT基因甲基化的影响

目的探讨EB病毒（EBV）与人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）感染对儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）相关基因PTEN及hTERT甲
基化的影响及其意义。方法收集初发儿童ALL患者外周血标本100 例,取血浆进行病毒感染血清学检测,据血清学结果分为
EBV 单独感染组（20例）,HCMV单独感染组（14例）EBV、HCMV联合感染组（41例）及全阴性对照组（15例）。从外周血标本分
离单个核细胞,提取DNA,亚硫酸氢钠盐修饰后,采用甲基化特异性（MS）-PCR法检测各组PTEN及hTERT基因DNA启动子区
甲基化水平的变化。结果EBV、HCMV联合感染组与对照组及单独感染组相比PTEN基因甲基化水平明显降低（P<0.05）,
hTERT甲基化水平有明显升高（P<0.05）。结论在儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病中,EBV和HCMV病毒联合感染使肿瘤相关基因
PTEN及hTERT的甲基化水平改变,提示病毒感染可参与到基因表观遗传学调控,后续的研究还需进一步证明。
     

和肽素及缺血修饰白蛋白在急性有机磷农药中毒早期心肌损伤中的应用

目的探讨和肽素（copeptin）与缺血修饰白蛋白（ischemia modified albumin, IMA）联合测定对急性有机磷农药中毒
（AOPP）心肌损伤早期诊断及预后判断的临床价值。方法选择AOPP患者126例为病例组。健康体检者50例为对照组,所有
患者在入院1 h内抽取静脉血3 ml,检测心肌损伤标记物、Copeptin、IMA水平。结果病例组与对照组比较,Copeptin、IMA水平
均升高且有显著差异。重度与轻中度患者比较,IMA、Copeptin水平升高明显,差异有显著统计学意义（P<0.05）。经Logistic回
归分析显示,Copeptin、IMA水平、重度AOPP并发症的患者出现心血管事件的危险性增加。结论早期测定Copeptin、IMA水平
在AOPP中毒心肌损伤患者的早期诊断有重要意义,其浓度高低与病情轻重呈相关性,即病情越重,其含量越高。对评估预后
具有重要临床价值。
     

Direct intracoronary delivery of tirofiban during primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)is usually caused by acute occlusion of an infarct-related coronary artery (IRA),resulting from rupture or erosion of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent platelet aggregation and thrombosis.1-3Prompt reperfusion is the key aspect of the optimal management,4-7 and timely expert primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) becomes the best reperfusion strategy with respect to improvement in survival and reduction of combined clinical endpoints in the treatment of STEMI.8-11 Given the high thrombotic risk of patients with STEMI,pretreatment with a high clopidogrel loading dose before primary PCI was advised to reduce distal thrombotic embolization and angiographic no-reflow and improve clinical outcomes.12,13 The use of adjunctive intravenous glycoprotein (GP) Ⅱb/Ⅲa inhibitors following oral dual-antiplatelet therapy enhances thrombus disaggregation by inhibiting fibrinogen binding to the active receptor complex and subsequently disrupting platelet cross-linking,14 and improves IRA patency and myocardial perfusion,14 and has been recommended as class Ⅱa (at the time of primary PCI) or Ⅱb (before primary angiography and PCI)indication in the recent practice guidelines for the management of patients with STEMI.9,10 Tirofiban (a small-molecule platelet GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa inhibitor) seems even more attractive,because of its consistent and rapidly reversible platelet inhibition at increased dose and efficient penetration into the platelet-fibrin thrombus.15 In a broad population of largely unselected patients undergoing primary PCI for STEMI,tirofiban was associated with a noninferior complete resolution of ST-segment elevation (an indirect measure of myocardial reperfusion after PCI14,16) compared with abciximab,17 and was well tolerated and effective in reducing ischemic acute coronary syndrome complications in patients with mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency.18 Previous studies have shown that an upstream low dose of tirofiban favorably ameliorates IRA patency and reperfusion of the infarct area compared with down-stream use,19 and routine initiation of high-bolus dose of tirofiban could further improve clinical outcome after primary PCI.20 These observations highlight that further platelet aggregation inhibition besides high-dose clopidogrel is mandated in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI.     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死直接PCI的依诺肝素应用

目的 探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死病人接受直接经皮冠状动脉造影和介入治疗(PCI)中应用依诺肝素替代普通肝素的安全性和有效性.方法 将急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死病人281例随机分为依诺肝素组(n=140)和普通肝素组(n=141),依诺肝素组病人于确诊后尽早给予依诺肝素1 mg/kg皮下注射,PCI前追加依诺肝素0.3 mg/kg静脉注射,完成冠状动脉造影或直接PCI后,立即拔出鞘管.普通肝素组病人于手术前给予普通肝素25 mg静脉推注,如果造影显示适合PTCA,再追加65 mg.完成PCI后4～6 h拔出鞘管.依诺肝素组72例病人术后10、60 min测定抗Ⅹα因子活性.随访30 d,观察两组死亡、再发心肌梗死及需行血管再通术等不良事件的发生情况.结果 依诺肝素组和普通肝素组中最终行直接PCI者分别为139例和138例.依诺肝素组1例于PTCA后发生无血流,血栓负荷重,使用血栓抽吸导管抽吸血栓后血流改善,成功行支架植入术.两组PCI术后及住院期间均无急性和亚急性血栓形成.依诺肝素组病人静脉注射依诺肝素后10 min抗Ⅹα因子活性为(0.92±0.31)kU/L,60 min为(0.81±0.29)kU/L,PCI术中97.9%的病人抗Ⅹα活性＞0.5 kU/L.依诺肝素组均于术后即刻拔出鞘管,穿刺部位血肿1例;普通肝素组于术后4～6 h拔出鞘管,穿刺部位血肿7例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.588,P<0.05).两组30 d内均未发生死亡、再发心肌梗死及需行血管再通术等临床事件.结论 对拟行直接PCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死病人应用依诺肝素替代普通肝素静脉注射是安全、有效的,术后可即刻拔出鞘管.