脑动脉瘤磁共振血管成像与脑血管造影对照研究

目的：探讨三维时间飞跃法磁共振血管成像（３ＤＴＯＦＭＲＡ）评价脑动脉瘤的价值与限度。材料与方法：２９例临床及影像学证实的脑动脉瘤患者行常规ＭＲＩ和３ＤＴＯＦＭＲＡ检查，应用１．０Ｔ超导ＭＲ系统，扫层远端预置饱和带３ＤＦＩＳＰ序列和最大强度投影（ＭＩＰ）图像后处理技术。１３例同时行脑血管造影，采用Ｓｅｌｄｉｎｇｅｒ技术穿刺股动脉选择性全脑血管造影，快速摄片（３～４帧／秒）；结果：ＭＲＡ对脑动脉瘤的敏感性和特异性分别为９２．３％和８３．３％，结合ＭＲＩ，其特异性提高到１００％。较准确地显示了直径３～１５ｍｍ动脉瘤的形态、大小及与载瘤动脉的关系，对３ｍｍ以下或１５ｍｍ以上动脉瘤显示欠佳，主要由于其分辨率较低或瘤内血栓或涡流形成等所致；结论：３ＤＴＯＦＭＲＡ对脑动脉瘤有诊断价值。     

脑血管狭窄与闭塞的MRA与DSA对照研究

目的：评价ＭＲＡ诊断脑血管狭窄与闭塞的价值又限度，并对假阳性、假阴性进行分析。材料与方法：对１４例患者的１２０根正常、狭窄与闭塞血管进行３Ｄ－ＴＯＦ ＭＯＴＳＡ ＭＲＡ和ＤＳＡ对照分析。结果：１４例１２０根血管ＭＲＡ与ＤＳＡ诊断相符合血管数为１０９根（９０．８％），ＭＲＡ对正常脑血管的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为９１％、９０．３％、９０．８％；对狭窄血管分别为８３．３％、９２．１％、９０．８％；对     

蛛网膜下腔出血患者的MRA和DSA的对照研究

目的：研究ＭＲ血管造影（ＭＲＡ）在蛛网膜下腔出血（ＳＡＨ）患者病因诊断中的应用准确性和可靠性。材料和方法：回顾性分析３３例ＳＡＨ患者的ＭＲＡ资料，并与ＤＳＡ作了对比分析，ＭＲＡ采用三维时间流逝（３Ｄ－ＴＯＦ）法。结果：ＭＲＡ上显示了２６例血管病变中的２２例，包括１５个动脉瘤中的１３个，８例动静脉畸形中的６例和３例血管狭窄闭塞性病变。１个完全血栓形成的右颈内动脉瘤ＭＲＡ上未显示。但常规ＭＲＩ和ＭＲＡ原始图像上显示，ＭＲＡ结合ＭＲＩ和ＭＲＡ原始图像可以对９１％的患者做出正确诊断和评价，动脉瘤和周围血管的关系及ＡＶＭ的供血动脉和畸形结节能在ＭＲＡ上被准确评价。结论：作为一种非损伤性的血管成像方法，ＭＲＡ具有安全、可靠和方便的优点，可以做为常规用于ＳＡＨ患者的筛选检查。     

脑血管畸形磁共振血管成像与脑血管造影对照研究

目的：探讨了ＴＯＦ法ＭＲＡ评价脑血管畸形的价值及限度，材料与方法：２９例经ＭＲＩ（ｎ＝２９），脑血管造影（ｎ＝１５）和／或手术病理（ｎ＝１０）证实的脑血管畸形（ＡＶＭ２４例，ＡＶＦ２例，隐匿性ＡＶＭ３例）患者进行ＴＯＦ法ＭＲＡ检查，应用１．０Ｔ超导ＭＲ系统的二维或三维ＦＩＳＰ序列（预置０～３条预饱和带）和ＭＩＰ图像后处理技术，１５例同时经股动脉行全脑血管造影，采用Ｋａｐｐａ统计量对两种血管成像方法     

磁共振血管造影在脑动脉瘤诊断中的应用价值

磁共振血管造影在脑动脉瘤诊断中的应用价值张宗军许健李苏健陈君坤笔者对２５例动脉瘤的磁共振血管造影（ＭＲＡ）资料和动脉数字减影血管造影（ＩＡＤＳＡ）作了对照分析。一、材料和方法２５例患者平均年龄４７．６岁，均做了常规磁共振成像（ＭＲＩ）、ＭＲＡ和ＩＡＤ...     

脑肿瘤磁共振血管成像的初步研究

目的：应用ＴＯＦ法ＭＲＡ显示脑肿瘤的肿瘤血管、供血动脉、引流静脉和脑血管移位与侵犯等，以探讨ＭＲＡ无创性评价脑肿瘤的价值。材料与方法：对４３例脑肿瘤患者进行了ＴＯＦ法ＭＲＡ（ｎ＝４３）与脑血管造影（ｎ＝１５）和／或手术结果（ｍ＝４１）对比评价。采用１．０Ｔ超导ＭＲ系统，二维或三维ＦＩＳＰ扫描，用或不用预饱和技术和Ｇｄ－ＤＴＰＡ，ＭＩＰ重建获取ＭＲＡ图像。结果：ＭＲＡ准确了７６．２％的肿瘤富血管度，     

脑动脉瘤的MR血管造影与IA—DSA的对照研究

对经手术证实的２０例脑动脉瘤的ＭＲＡ和ＩＡ－ＤＳＡ的影像进行了对照分析研究，经ＭＲＡ检出１９例（９５％）动脉瘤，１０ｍｍ以下的动脉瘤９例，最小的为４ｍｍ，与ＤＳＡ检出率（１９／２０）相仿。ＭＲＡ的定位符合率为８４％，低于ＤＳＡ（９５％）。１３／１９例（６８％）在ＭＲＡ图象上能显示动脉瘤的瘤颈。作者认为ＭＲＡ是一种新的非侵入性的血管影像方法，可作为脑动脉瘤高危病例的筛选检查，随着ＭＲＡ技术的进一步完善，ＭＲＡ有望在神经外科领域替代部分侵入性血管造影检查。     

Willis环磁共振血管成像与血管造影对比研究

目的：对比分析Ｗｉｌｌｉｓ动脉环的ＭＲＡ和ＣＡ表现,探讨ＴＯＦ法ＭＲＡ评价Ｗｉｌｌｉｓ环解剖与功能的价值。材料与方法：选择４３例颅脑血管和肿瘤疾病的ＴＯＦ法ＭＲＡ和ＣＡ资料。ＭＲＡ应用１．０Ｔ超导ＭＲ系统的３Ｄ或２ＤＦＩＳＰ序列扫描,原始血管图像用ＭＩＰ重建。ＣＡ西门子１２５０ｍＡＤＳＡ系统和岛津１０００ｍＡ造影造系统,采用Ｓｅｌｄｉｎｇｅｒ技术导管法股脑血管造（至秒摄取双侧颈动脉和一侧椎动脉造有     

磁共振脑血管造影MOTSA法成像参数评估

目的：评价磁共离血管造影ＭＯＴＳＡ法成像参数对脑血管结构的显示能力，材料与方法，对１８０例（男１２４例，女５６例，年龄４～７２岁，平均４８岁）患者和怀疑脑血管病的患者用ＧＥＳｉｇｎａ１．５Ｔ磁共振仪进行ＭＯＴＳＡＭＲＡ检查，运用不同的技术参数，所得原始图像用ＭＩＰ处理，分析血管结构的显示与技术参数的关系，结果：磁化转移技术有效的抑制脑组织信号，增强血管的显示能力，使机器所允许的最短ＴＲ增强约１５ｍ     

先天性心脏病复杂畸形的增强磁共振血管造影与X线心血管造影的影像对比研究

目的 评估动态增强磁共振血管造影（DCE－MRA）诊断先天性心脏病（先）复杂畸形的临床价值。材料与方法 ２８例先心复杂畸形和大血管形患者术同时接受ＤＣＥ－ＭＲＡ、平发和／或电影以及Ｘ线心血管造影（ＣＡＧ）检查,对ＤＣＥ－ＭＡＲ原始图像进行最大信号强度投影法（ＭＩＰ）和多轴位重建法（ＭＰＲ）重建处理,以手术病理发现为基础,将ＭＲ图像与ＣＡＧ进行诊断价值对比,并进行统计学处理。结果 ＤＤＣＥ－ＭＲＡ所获取的图像对比鲜明,靶血管轮廓清晰,其 显示心脏及大血管的形态和空间分布的能力与ＣＡＧ具有很好的一致性,相关系数r=0.88。２种检查方法均能良好地显示心脏、大血管病变,DCE-MRA发现变病能力略优于ＣＡＧ,两者显示病变符合率达９３％。结论 ＤＣＥ－ＭＲＡ检查安全、无创,与ＣＡＧ一样能显示复杂的、多部位的病变,是一种非常有价值的影像学检查手段,有望部分替代常规血管造影而成为一种新的检查方法。     

Magnetic resonance angiography of intracranial aneurysms: comparison with intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography

Summary Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with flow rephased gradient-echo sequences is a new non-invasive method for vascular imaging. We compared MRA and intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography in 18 patients with intracranial aneurysms to test whether MRA presently provides an alternative to cerebral angiography for the diagnosis of these anomalies. MRA showed 19 of the 22 aneurysms detected (86.4%). However, problems, especially with turbulent or slow flow, resulted in 6 studies (27.3%) with limited and 2 with questionable demonstration of an aneurysm, and 1 false negative study. At present, MRA is definitely inferior to angiography for the demonstration of intracranial aneurysms, due to its lower resolution and other limitations.     

Preliminary evaluation of volume-rendered three-dimensional display of time-of-flight MR angiography in the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms

We assessed the value of the volume-rendering method of displaying images of three-dimensional (3D) time-of-flight MR angiography (MRA) in the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms. We obtained three-dimensional volume-rendered MRA from 21 patients with intracranial aneurysms. The images were evaluated in comparison with maximum-intensity-projection images (in 21 patients), conventional angiograms (in 21 ) and CT angiography (in nine). In 17 patients, 3D volume-rendered images were thought to show morphological features most clearly. They were superior to the other methods for demonstrating the precise location of the aneurysm in three patients and in showing the shape of the bleb in another three. 3D volume-rendered MRA can be effectively added to conventional imaging techniques for diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms. Received: 12 October 2000 Accepted: 12 December 2000     

颅内血管性病变的磁共振时间飞跃法血流成像

报告了３０例颅内血管性病变的磁共振时间飞跃法（ＴＯＦ）血流成像资料，包括动脉瘤８例、动静脉畸形１３例和血管闭塞９例。其中２１例作了与ＤＳＡ的对照。结果发现，ＴＯＦ血流成像方法无创伤、危险小、检查时间短，对颅底动脉环和动脉瘤显示较好，可显示动静脉畸形（ＡＶＭ）的供血动脉和引流静脉，大血管的闭塞诊断准确。缺点是图像欠清晰、伪迹较多。三维成像分辨力高、图像对比好，但对慢血流不敏感。笔者认为ＭＲＴＯＦ血流成像具有明显的临床实用价值。     

Intracranial vascular malformations

Many efforts and much research have been dedicated to the field of non-invasive angiographic techniques in the past few years. Thanks first to magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and subsequently to computed tomographic angiography (CTA), very interesting results have been obtained in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular diseases. Neck vessels are most successfully evaluated by both MRA and CTA, and the need for digital subtraction angiography (DSA) examinations in patients at risk for vascular occlusions has significantly decreased. The role and the diagnostic accuracy of these non-invasive modalities in intracranial vascular pathology is still under investigation, and several studies have been and are being performed. Both techniques have a better spatial resolution and sensitivity in detecting cerebrovascular malformations than DSA. In the diagnosis of cerebral aneurysms, both MRA and CTA – due to their high sensitivity – have become screening techniques in the population at risk for subarachnoid hemorrhage, these techniques may become basic diagnostic modalities in treatment planning. The results are less satisfying in the evaluation of brain arteriovenous malformations and in the different steps of pre- and post-therapeutic evaluation. Received 9 February 1998; Accepted 13 February 1998     

颅内动脉CTA的前瞻性研究

目的：评价和研讨CTA对脑动脉的显示能力及扫描技术。材料和方法：脑MIP—CTA检查正常的患者50例。将CTA对颅内主要动脉的显示率与柳氏测得的MRA的类似数据进行比较。结果：对较粗大的动脉分支，CTA和MRA均显示良好。CTA对细小动脉分支的显示不及粗大动脉，差别较大。对前交通动脉的显示率，CTA明显高于MRA。CTA最佳延迟扫描时间的个体差异较大。结论：CTA能高质量地显示脑动脉，是评价脑血管状况，对脑血管疾病进行诊断和筛选的好方法。选择恰当的扫描参数很重要。CTA前有必要行小剂量试验。     

MR angiography of the intracranial vessels: technical aspects and clinical applications

Evaluation of the intracranial circulation provides valuable information in the diagnosis and prognosis of various intracranial abnormalities and may influence patient management. Technical advances in magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) have improved the accuracy of this technique in various clinical situations, such as aneurysms, arterial and venous steno-occlusive diseases, vascular malformations, inflammatory arterial diseases, preoperative assessment of the patency of dural sinuses, and congenital vascular abnormalities. In many centers, MRA has replaced conventional digital subtraction angiography in screening for intracranial vascular disease, because of its non-invasive and non-ionizing character. Several MRA techniques have been developed for the imaging of the intracranial vascular system, such as time-of-flight MRA (TOF MRA), phase-contrast MRA (PC MRA), and more recently contrast-enhanced MRA (CE MRA). In the evaluation of steno-occlusive disease, the three-dimensional (3D) TOF-MRA technique is recommended for arterial evaluation, and the 2D TOF or 2D PC-MRA technique for venous evaluation. For the evaluation of aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), we recommend the 3D CE-MRA technique, especially dynamic sequences in case of AVM. In this review, the technical aspects, limitations, and optimization of these MRA techniques will be discussed together with their indications in intracranial disease.     

Magnetic resonance angiography compared to intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage

Summary In order to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage, 14 patients with recent haemorrhage verified by CT or lumbar puncture were investigated with both selective intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (IA-DSA) and MRA by two independent teams, each having the same preangiographic information. The results were compared with each other and whenever possible (all positive cases except one) with those of surgical intervention. Seven patients were identified by MRA and IA-DSA as having a single aneurysm on the circle of Willis, 1 an aneurysm of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery 1 an aneurysm of the internal carotid artery (siphon) and 2 patients with two aneurysms on the circle of Willis. MRA and IA-DSA both failed to demonstrate aneurysms in 2 cases. Three patients had negative results on both methods and no surgical intervention was attempted. The aneurysms ranged from 0.3 to 1.5 cm in size. In most cases there was agreement between MRA and DSA, leading us to believe that, if the proper protocols are followed, MRA is a powerful alternative to other established methods in the detection of intracranial aneurysms. At this stage it will not replace IA-DSA prior to surgery, but the ability to obtain various projections using 3D MRA may improve surgical planning.     

颅内动脉瘤的比较影像学研究

目的：比较分析DSA、3D TOF MRA及CT对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值。方法：30例颅内动脉瘤均经血管造影和手术征实，所有病例均先后作CT、3D TOF MRA及DSA检查，对其影像学特征进行比较研究。结果：DSA显示全部瘤体，呈囊状、梭形局部突出影；3D TOF MRA显示28个动脉瘤(2个假阳性)，4个未显示，其显示动脉瘤的敏感性为86．7％，假阳性为6．7％。CT显示瘤体及蛛网膜下腔出血提示动脉瘤者15例，占50％；无异常者8例，占26．7％。结论：DSA仍然是诊断颅内动脉瘤的金标准‘3D TOF MRA虽然是显示颅内动脉瘤的敏感方法之一，但对确定治疗方案价值低于DSA；CT敏感性较差，但可通过显示其间接征象提示动脉瘤。     

Detection of intracranial aneurysms by three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) for detection of intracranial aneurysms. Ninety-six consecutive patients who underwent both MRA using the three-dimensional time-of-flight technique (3D TOF) with the rephase/dephase subtraction method and conventional angiography were reviewed. MRA showed 22 aneurysms in 19 patients, and conventional angiography 28 aneurysms in 23 patients. The sensitivity of MRA was thus 79% for aneurysms in 83% of patients. MRA showed no aneurysm in 67 of 73 patients without aneurysms; its specificity was therefore 92%. The 6 false positive interpretations were suspected internal carotid artery aneurysms.