非血管化髂骨移植修复下颌骨缺损的临床研究

分析2006年11月～2012年6月共21例非血管化髂骨游离移植修复下颌骨缺损的病例,术后进行疗效观察,包括移植骨块存活、移植骨吸收程度、颌骨左右外形轮廓、咬合关系、咀嚼功能、张口度等;对比分析成活和失败病例:从下颌骨缺损类型、受植区软组织情况、移植骨块游离时间、患者全身状况进行研究,分析失败病例发生的原因,并提出相应的预防措施。在术后6个月～2年的随访中,18例下颌骨缺损获得修复,功能及美观均满意,其移植成活率为85.7%;3例感染(14.3%),其中2例移植骨块去除、修复失败,1例恶性肿瘤复发,移植骨修复失败。自体非血管化髂骨移植修复部分下颌骨缺损是一种重建其功能和外形的简单有效的方法。     

自体髂骨移植修复下颌骨缺损患者围手术期的护理

目的：探讨应用自体髂骨移植修复下颌骨缺损的围手术期的护理。方法：我科对25例患者进行了密切的临床护理观察，制定了行之有效的护理措施，术前做好准备；术中严格无菌操作；术后密切配合。结果：本组25例自体髂骨移植修复下颌骨缺损患者术后成功率100％。术后3—6月随访，下颌骨全景片检查示移植骨生长良好；下颌骨外形及功能恢复良好...     

钛重建板固定移植髂骨修复下颌骨缺损

目的评价游离髂骨移植钛重建板固定Ⅰ期修复下颌骨缺损的方法。方法对24例下颌骨良性病变及相近组织恶性病变侵犯下颌骨患者,扩大切除病变部位后,采用自体髂骨移植钛重建板固定即刻修复缺损下颌骨。结果术后3、6、12月随访,24例均获成功,3例病人存在轻度开口受限。结论钛重建板固定移植髂骨修复下颌骨缺损,能较好的恢复其形态和功能,是一种比较好的修复方法。     

快速成型钛板结合自体骨移植修复犬下颌骨缺损

背景：近年来,快速成型技术被迅速的应用于医学重建领域,利用快速成型技术可为组织缺损患者制作个体化的植入物,可达到空间尺寸上的精确修复。 目的：利用快速成型技术制作个体化钛板,结合自体松质骨移植,修复犬下颌骨节段性缺损。 方法：9只杂种犬行螺旋CT扫描获取头颅骨骼数据,建立数字3D模型,在模型上模拟右侧下颌骨体部切除术,并制作个体化板状修复体,经快速成型加工制造,获得个体化的钛板。然后行动物实验,手术制造右侧下颌骨体部4 cm长节段性缺损,同期手术切取自体髂骨块固定于快速成型钛板的舌侧,修复下颌骨缺损。采用核医学、力学、影像学和组织学等方法评估骨移植后的转归。 结果与结论：应用快速成型支架重建了左右对称的下颌骨形态,自体髂骨移植后逐渐皮质化,植骨和钛板之间形成纤维结缔组织间隔层。在下颌骨缺损修复中,应用快速成型钛板能够达到形态和功能兼顾的效果。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程全文链接：     

带血管蒂阔筋膜瓣转位复腹壁缺损

目的：探索腹壁缺损修复的方法。方法：设计带血管阔筋膜瓣转位修复腹壁缺损。结果：移植的阔筋膜瓣全部成活,随访1-6年,局部外形功能良好,无一例术后发生腹壁疝。结论：以旋股外侧动脉降支为血管蒂的阔筋膜瓣,血管解剖恒写,切取容易,带蒂转移成功率高,宜修复中下腹部腹壁缺损。     

冷冻保存异体骨膜移植治疗髋关节骨性关节炎

目的：报道采用冷冻保存胚胎颅骨骨膜移植修复髋关节软骨大面积缺损的治疗结果。方法：自1990年5月—1994年4月，对42例(47侧)髋关节软骨全厚缺损采用冷冻保存胚胎颅骨骨膜移植进行修复，其中14例股骨头骨质重度坏死者，同时施行带旋髂深血管髂骨植骨。对34例(38侧)髋关节进行了2～6年(平均40个月)随访。结果：按照吴之康髋关节人工置换术后疗效评定标准．术前平均得分6．4分，术后平均得分15.8分，优良25例，很好5例，好3例，尚可1例。结论：与自体移植物修复关节软骨大面积缺损相比，本方法无附加损伤，具有移植材料来源充分，取材量大．形态与股骨头相似等特点，是治疗髋关节软骨大面积缺损的一种有效方法。     

下颌骨缺损血管化骨移植修复的研究进展

下颌骨缺损常见于肿瘤切除、颌骨骨髓炎术后及颌面部创伤中,主要采用骨移植进行修复,可分为血管化骨移植(vascu-larized bone graft)和非血管化骨移植(non-vascularized bonegraft)两种方式。由于非血管化骨移植在受区有一个血循环重建和新生骨组织爬行替代的过程,其修复重建过程较长、成功率较低。而血管化骨移植的血供不会中断,其愈合方式类似骨     

带血管蒂腓骨移植修复四肢长骨大段骨缺损

目的：探讨利用带血管蒂腓骨移植修复四肢长骨大段缺损的疗效。方法：利用带血管蒂或吻合血管的腓骨移植治疗不同原因导致的四肢长骨大段骨缺损12例。结果：12例均获随访6个月～8a，平均3．2a。所有被修复骨缺损均获良好愈合，获得满意的功能及外形。结论：带血管蒂腓骨移植是修复长骨大段骨缺损的较好方法，可一次完成骨支架重建；如联合应用组织瓣移植，可同时完成软组织覆盖，有利于肢体功能的尽早恢复。     

改良带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣的应用解剖研究及临床应用

目的：介绍一种改良带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣的制备方法。方法：利用5具经10％甲醛固定的国人成人标本,模拟临床手术,对髂骨区相关解剖进行观察、摄片;临床应用改良旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣修复下颌骨体部缺损6例。结果：应用改良方法完成5具10侧标本带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣的制备。临床应用6例手术顺利移植骨瓣,全部成活;无1例发生术后并发症。结论：改良法制备带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣的术式安全、可靠,可避免损伤腹壁组织及股外侧皮神经。     

构建预制个性化骨瓣修复下颌骨缺损的灵长类动物模型

背景：预制个性化骨瓣具有创伤小、血运好、可带软组织、形状可定制等优点,可用来修复血管床欠佳的骨缺损。 目的：建立预制骨瓣修复灵长类下颌骨缺损的动物模型。 方法：对9只恒河猴进行头颅扫描并制作个性化钛网。将复合或者未复合人重组骨形态发生蛋白2的脱钙冻干骨、珊瑚装入个性化钛网,植入背阔肌中进行个性化、血管化组织工程骨瓣的预制或者原位植入下颌骨节段性缺损。13周时,个性化、血管化组织工程骨瓣预制成功,将其转移修复下颌骨节段型缺损。采用临床和组织学方法观察异位预制个性化骨瓣及原位植入人重组骨形态发生蛋白2修复下颌骨缺损的效果。 结果与结论：预制骨瓣和原位植入的复合人重组骨形态发生蛋白2的珊瑚能修复下颌骨节段性缺损;原位植入复合或未复合人重组骨形态发生蛋白2的脱钙冻干骨和单纯珊瑚不能修复下颌骨缺损。复合人重组骨形态发生蛋白2的脱钙冻干骨、珊瑚预制个性化、血管化组织工程骨瓣成功,转移后均能成功修复下颌骨缺损,而且修复下颌骨缺损的效果优于材料直接植入下颌骨缺损组。实验证实预制个性化骨瓣修复恒河猴下颌骨缺损模型是可行的。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植;肝移植;移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植;组织工程全文链接：     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

What will studies of Fulani individuals naturally exposed to malaria teach us about protective immunity to malaria?

There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.