急性爆发性真菌性鼻窦炎

目的　探讨急性爆发性真菌性鼻窦炎 (acutefulminantfungalsinusitis ,AFFS)的临床特征、诊断标准及治疗原则。方法　回顾收治的 6例较典型的AFFS病例诊断和治疗过程。其中结合全身疾病病史 ,发热伴颜面部、眼部及鼻部症状 ,影像学 ,鼻内镜及鼻腔分泌物真菌涂片检查 ,在患者就诊的 2 4h内做出初步诊断 5例。在此基础上鼻内镜下行全组鼻窦开放术 ,切除全部坏死组织至露出新鲜创面 5例。根据临床及影像学表现 ,进行眶内容物切除 1例。术后同时进行原发病治疗以及全身抗真菌治疗 5例。结果　 6例病例经过病理、真菌涂片及培养证实为鼻窦黏膜侵袭性真菌感染 ,其中毛霉菌 1例 ,根霉菌 2例 ,链隔孢霉菌 1例 ,曲霉菌 1例 ,毛霉菌根霉菌混合 1例。 1例未在第一时间诊断 ,且未经抗真菌治疗的患者于住院第 7天死亡 ,1例抗真菌治疗及清创术后 88d死亡 ,2例分别于治疗后 3 2个月和 6个月死于白血病 ,2例经上述治疗后分别随访 9个月和 11个月无复发 ,后者为本组唯一进行眶内容物摘除者。结论　根据病史 ,眼或颜面症状 ,鼻腔内干痂以及影像学尤其是磁共振成像 ,分泌物真菌涂片检查 ,可以在患者到鼻科就诊的 2 4h内做出AFFS的诊断。包括及时彻底的根治性清创 ,足量静脉内二性霉素B注射 ,完全控制原发病以及足够的全身支     

Acute fulminant invasive fungal sinusitis]

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical presentation, diagnostic criterion and treatment principle of acute fulminant invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AFFS). METHODS: Six patients were diagnosed as AFFS based on history, nose, especially eye symptoms with or without fever, sinus CT and MRI, endoscopic and cytological findings in the nasal cavity. Surgical debridement was performed on 5 of 6 biopsy proven AFFS patients, one of them being amputated of the orbital content. With the original disease controlled simultaneously, 4 of 5 patients were prescribed with systemic amphotericin B or liposomal amphotericin B (1 case) and one with Itraconazole orally. One patient had not been involved with any of the anti-fungi measures. RESULT: Mucor (Zygomycetes) was identified on culture in 1 patient, Rhizopus species in 2, Aspergillus in 1, Alternaria in 1 and mixed Mucor and Rhizopus in 1. All patients were proved of tissue invasion histopathologically through biopsy. One patient died without any anti-fungi therapy on the 7th admission day, 3 patients survived for 88 days, 32 and 6 months respectively and died of original diseases (diabetes 1, leukaemia 2). One patient survived 9 months and lost for follow-up, 1 patient survived 11 months after treatment. CONCLUSION: A high index of suspicion and early endoscopic investigation through nasal cavity with fungal investigation should highly be strengthened for recognition of this disease. MRI findings should be considered as, or even more, important as that of CT scan on the early diagnoses. Extensive and aggressive surgical debridement, prompt and enough dosage of antifungal therapy intravenously, together with serious controlling of the underlying disease, all take important roles in the complete control of the disease.     

Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis: our experience with 19 patients

Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFR) is a potentially fatal infection that affects immunocompromised patients. Early diagnosis and treatment, including aggressive surgical debridement, antifungal medication, and correction of underlying predisposing factors are essential for recovery. The aim of this study was to review our experience with AIFR. The records of 19 patients histopathologically diagnosed with invasive fungal rhinosinusitis were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data, presenting symptoms and signs, underlying diseases, and outcomes of the patients are presented and invasive fungal rhinosinusitis is discussed in light of the current literature.     

慢性鼻窦侵袭性真菌病并发颞下窝真菌感染2例

颞下窝真菌感染属于侵袭性真菌感染,临床少见,多发生于糖尿病、恶性肿瘤、烧伤或长期糖皮质激素治疗的患者,其病原菌源于鼻窦真菌[1-2]。近年来侵袭性真菌性鼻一鼻窦炎（invasive fungalrhino-sinusitis,IFRS）及其并发症在国内外的发病率明显上升,其主要并发症是眶内、翼腭窝、颞下窝及颅内真菌感染。其中,颞下窝真菌感染较侵袭到眶内或颅内的真菌感染更为少见[3-4]。现将我科诊治的2例颞下窝真菌感染患者的资料报告如下。     

Chronic invasive fungal sinusitis: a report of two atypical cases

The purpose of this article is to describe a chronic variant of invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS) and discuss its management. This is a retrospective review of two cases of IFS that were characterized by atypical clinical courses. Patient 1 was a 75-year-old man with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus who came to us with a 5-month history of headache. Computed tomography detected an opacified left sphenoid sinus. After the man failed to respond to medical therapy, he underwent a left endoscopic sphenoidotomy. Pathologic examination revealed that septate, branching fungal hyphae had invaded the soft tissues. The patient was started on oral itraconazole, but later switched to intravenous amphotericin B in response to intracranial extension. The man's disease stabilized, but he died a little more than 1 year later of unrelated causes. Patient 2 was an otherwise healthy 41-year-old woman who came to us with nasal congestion and unilateral nasal polyps. She underwent endoscopic sinus surgery. Pathologic examination identified granulomatous sinusitis and septate, branching fungal hyphae that had invaded the soft tissue of the middle turbinate. The patient was not treated with systemic antifungal medications because of the localized nature of the fungal invasion and the lack of bone invasion or erosion. She has now been symptom-free for 5 years. These two cases demonstrate that IFS can appear in a chronic variant form that is characterized by an indolent course and histologic evidence of tissue invasion by fungal hyphae. The type of treatment is dependent on the extent of the disease on initial examination and the rapidity of its progression.     

Chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis

Chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis is an increasingly recognized, but inadequately characterized, disease entity which is separate and distinct from acute fulminant invasive fungal sinusitis and allergic fungal sinusitis. Chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis is divided into granulomatous and nongranulomatous subtypes based on histopathology, but the clinical distinction between the two subtypes is not clear. Current management includes varying degrees of surgical débridement and a prolonged course of antifungal agents. A protracted clinical course with recurrence after treatment is common.     

毛霉菌感染的慢性侵袭性真菌性鼻窦炎眶内侵袭一例

患者女,80岁.2007年3月12日以左侧面部疼痛伴局部麻木3个月,左侧眼球上移伴复视1个月为主诉入院.糖尿病史18年.     

Non invasive fungal sinusitis: mycetoma and alergical fungal sinusitis

We have made a study about different cases of non-invasive fungal sinusitis (FS) treated at our hospital with surgery (endoscopic sinus approach) and medical treatment. We review two cases: Mycetoma and allergic fungal sinusitis, following the recent classification based on physiopathology, treatment and prognosis. We review the clinical presentation of the different types.     

Maspin在侵袭型真菌性鼻-鼻窦炎中表达的研究

目的　检测侵袭型真菌性鼻-鼻窦炎中Maspin的表达,探讨其对侵袭型真菌性鼻-鼻窦炎的诊断价值。方法　选取真菌性鼻-鼻窦炎标本42例为实验组,包括12例侵袭型与30例非侵袭型;慢性鼻-鼻窦炎30例为对照组。免疫组化法检测标本中Maspin的表达。结果　真菌性鼻-鼻窦炎组Maspin表达下调,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;侵袭型真菌性鼻-鼻窦炎组Maspin评分最低,与非侵袭型及对照组两组分别比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。取Maspin评分5.70为临界值,诊断侵袭型真菌性鼻-鼻窦炎敏感性为91.7%,特异性为88.3%。结论　Maspin在侵袭型真菌性鼻-鼻窦炎中表达下调。Maspin可能是诊断侵袭型真菌性鼻-鼻窦炎的重要指标。     

Agents for treatment of invasive fungal infections

The incidence of fungal infections continues to rise as the population of immunocompromised individuals increases. Despite the enlarging numbers of infections, there are only a few antifungal agents for treatment of deep-seated, invasive infections. These agents include amphotericin B, flucytosine, terbinafine, and several azoles. Progress has been made in understanding the role of these agents in a variety of infections and this article examines in detail these agents and their prophylactic, empiric, and therapeutic uses in invasive mycoses. This article focuses on general concepts of antifungal therapies and provides a detailed review of each antifungal agent available for treatment of deep-seated mycoses.     

急性侵袭性真菌性鼻及鼻窦炎的临床和病理学观察

目的 探讨急性侵袭性真菌性鼻及鼻窦炎(acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis,AIFRS)的临床与病理特征,提高对该病的认识.方法 对1998～2009年18例AIFRS患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.用HE染色、过碘酸-雪夫(periodic acid-Schiff,PAS)染色和环六...     

New treatment for invasive fungal sinusitis: Three cases of chronic invasive fungal sinusitis treated with surgery and voriconazole

Invasive fungal sinusitis is a relatively rare disease and can be divided into acute fulminant, chronic, and granulomatous invasive fungal sinusitis. The conventional treatment is radical surgery combined with systemic amphotericin B administration, but the poor prognosis and unestablished treatment options require a better therapeutic strategy. We report three cases of chronic invasive fungal sinusitis successfully treated with a combination of surgery and voriconazole, a new antifungal agent, with good responses in all patients. Voriconazole administration could form the basis for a new standard treatment for invasive fungal sinusitis.     

侵袭型真菌性鼻窦炎诊断及治疗进展

随着侵袭型真菌性鼻窦炎患者发病率逐渐升高,进一步掌握该病的分类、临床表现及诊治就显得非常重要,本文就不同类型侵袭型真菌性鼻窦炎的临床特征及治疗进展情况综述如下。     

Otogenic skull base osteomyelitis caused by invasive fungal infection

Otogenic skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) of fungal etiology is a very rare but life-threatening complication of inflammatory processes of the ear. The authors present a case of otogenic SBO caused by Aspergillus flavus in a 65-year-old man with a fatal course. Because of the encountered difficulties with the proper diagnosis and treatment, the authors reviewed the literature on the subject.