急进高原4600m健康成人血氧代谢酶和急性轻症高原病评分相关性分析

目的：初步探讨急进高原健康成人血氧代谢酶和急性轻症高原病评分之间的相关性分析。方法：对急进到海拔4600m地区身体健康的成年人进行血氧代谢酶检测并同时给予急性轻症高原病评分,两者之间进行相关性分析。结果：谷胱甘肽（glutathione,GSH）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione perioxidase,GSH—PX）、丙二醛（malonaldehyde,MDA）、过氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）和急性轻症高原病评分分度之间无明确的相关性,过氧化氢酶（Catalase,CAT）与急性轻症高原病评分分度有着显著的正相关,而环腺苷酸（cyclase adenosine monophosphate,c—AMP）与急性轻症高原病评分分度却有着显著的负相关。采用急性轻症高原病评分计分与各血氧代谢酶进行线性相关分析,未发现有明确直线相关关系。结论：我们认为急进同一特高海拔地区时,CAT和c--AMP这两项血氧代谢酶和急性轻症高原病评分分度之间相关性较强。     

银杏叶片对高原人体运动后自由基代谢的影响

目的:探讨银杏叶片、酪氨酸冲剂和红景天对高原人体力竭运动自由基代谢的影响。方法:将进驻海拔3700 m高原半年的30名健康男青年随机分为银杏叶片组、红景天组和酪氨酸组,每组 10 人。在服药前、服药第 15 d分别采用功率自行车进行递增负荷运动至力竭,测定血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶(GSH Px)和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:3组青年服药前运动后较安静时GSH Px、MDA增高,有非常显著性差异(P<0 .01);SOD无统计学差异(P>0 .05)。服药后运动后较安静时SOD、GSH Px、MDA均增高,有非常显著性差异(P<0 .01)。服药后较服药前SOD、GSH Px增高,MDA降低,有非常显著性差异(P<0. 01)。3组之间比较,SOD、GSH Px、MDA均无统计学差异(P>0. 05)。结论:银杏叶片、酪氨酸冲剂和红景天均具有较强的自由基清除能力,能延缓运动性疲劳发生,提高高原作业效率。     

急进高原环境对血管内皮功能的影响及其与急性高原病的关系

目的 观察人群急进高原后血管内皮功能相关指标的变化,并探讨其与急性高原病(AMS)的关系.方法 在平原地区招募32名受试者,以汽车方式急进高原(海拔3900m).进入高原第5天根据路易斯湖量表评分,将受试者分为AMS+组(n=14)和AMS-组(n=18).ELISA法检测人群血清一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、血管内皮钙黏蛋白(VE-cadherin)、丙二醛(MDA)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等指标的变化.采用Pearson相关法分析上述指标与AMS的关系.结果 急进高原后第5天时32名受试者中AMS的发生率为43.8％.与平原相比,受试者急进高原后血清NO、SOD水平明显降低(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),ET-1和MDA水平明显升高(P＜0.05).与AMS-人群比较,AMS+人群NO、VEGF和VE-cadherin、SOD水平均明显降低(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),ET-1水平明显升高(P＜0.01).相关性分析显示,急性高原暴露第5天人群血清NO、VEGF、VE-cadherin、SOD水平与AMS呈显著负相关,ET-1水平与AMS呈显著正相关.结论 急进高海拔环境可能导致血管内皮功能受损,血管内皮功能相关指标的变化可能为AMS的预警及诊断提供参考.     

急性低压低氧对小鼠空间记忆功能及脑组织水肿和氧化应激的影响

目的探讨急性低压低氧暴露对小鼠空间记忆功能、脑组织水肿和氧化应激的影响。方法 72只小鼠随机分为三组:常压常氧组(对照组)、模拟海拔4000m组(4km组)、模拟海拔8000m组(8km组)。比较Y型电迷宫测试成绩、脑组织含水量、EB含量、CAT、SOD、GSH、GSH-PX、MDA和LD的含量。结果与实验前比较,低压低氧小鼠的电迷宫测试成绩明显降低;与对照组比较,急性低压低氧小鼠脑组织含水量、EB含量、MDA及乳酸明显增加,SOD含量、GSH含量、GSH-PX和CAT活力明显降低,以上改变均随海拔升高而更为明显(P<0.01)。低压低氧小鼠电迷宫测试成绩与脑水肿、脑组织内氧化应激系统失衡相关(P<0.01)。结论急性低压低氧可导致小鼠空间记忆能力下降、脑组织水肿和氧化应激系统失衡,空间记忆能力下降可能与低压低氧所致脑水肿和氧化应激反应有关。     

高原氧自由基代谢的研究进展

近年来对高原缺氧机制的分子生物学水平研究较为多的是氧自由基，其过氧化和抗氧化过程所涉及的物质和多种血氧代谢酶-腺苷酸（adenosine monophosphate，AMP）、谷胱甘肽（glutathione，GSH）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione perioxidase，GSH—PX）、丙二醛（malonaldehyde，MDA）、过氧化氢酶（Catalase，CAT）、过氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）在高原医学的各项研究活动中具有很重要的意义。本文综述氧自由基学说和高原缺氧机制之间的关系，尝试从细胞凋亡学说加以解释，同时综述了高原习服和适应的“线粒体适应”学说（Mitochondrial adaptation）。     

高原暴露人群返平原后自由基相关指标观察

目的了解高原暴露人群返平原后自由基代谢情况。方法选择高原暴露人群64人,男61人,女3人;年龄27~55岁,平均39.48岁,施工海拔3080~5231m,平均4014.8 m;高原居留时间6~50个月,平均33.61个月;返回平原时间31~61个月,平均56.51个月。选择年龄、性别、工作性质等因素与观察组大致相同的87人为对照组,分别测试其人活性氧簇(ROS)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)及一氧化氮(NO)六项指标。结果 ROS、GSH-p、SODx值及SOD/MDA比值观察组高于对照组(后者P<0.05),MDA则相反,观察组低于对照组(P<0.01);高原移居人群返回平原60个月后SOD/MDA比值有下降趋势,但仍明显高于对照组;SOD/MDA比值与进驻高原时间及所在高原海拔呈正相关,与返回平原时间呈负相关;MDA则与进驻高原时间、所在海拔高度呈负相关,与返回平原时间呈正相关;其他指标无明显统计学差异。结论高原移居人群返回平原后在较长时间(5年)内自由基代谢仍处于超(过)氧化状态,这种改变对适应平原环境或许会产生积极作用。     

可可西里地区进驻人员的血氧与心率调查与分析

目的:调查与分析可可西里地区(平均海拔4 550m)进驻人员的血氧饱和度(SaO2)、血氧分压(PaO2)及心率(HR)。方法:运用便携式氧饱和度检测仪及海拔表,检测32名分别来自平原(北京)、中度高原(西宁)地区的健康急进人群和当地(可可西里)长期居住人群的血氧饱和度(SaO2)、血氧分压(PaO2)及心率(HR)。结果:可可西里地区进驻人员的血氧饱和度(SaO2)、血氧分压(PaO2)及心率(HR)分别为:(83±4)%、(48.69±4.46)mmHg、(105±11)次/分。三组间平均血氧饱和度(SaO2)、平均血氧分压(PaO2)及平均心率(HR)均有显著性差别。结论:可可西里地区(平均海拔4 550m)人体的血氧饱和度(SaO2)、血氧分压(PaO2)及心率(HR)明显不同于平原及中度高原地区。平原地区人员尤其应该遵循缓慢进驻高海拔地区的原则。     

富氧水对高原人体运动自由基代谢的影响

目的:探讨富氧水对高原人体运动后自由基代谢的影响。方法:在海拔3700m选择10名已习服半年的健康男性青年,在海拔5380m选择10名已习服2个月的男性青年,均采用口服富氧水前(对照组)后(实验组)的自身对比运动负荷双盲实验。实验组口服富氧水,对照组口服5%葡萄糖注射液,每次500mL,一日2次,连续服用3天。运动结束后检测血中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)及其合酶(NOS)在口服富氧水前后的变化。结果:海拔3700m和5380m负荷运动后,实验组SOD、NO和NOS增高,差别有非常显著性(P<0.01);MDA降低,差别有显著性(P<0.05或0.01)。结论:富氧水可增加体内氧含量,对低氧造成的自由基代谢失衡有调节作用。     

脑心通预处理可减轻急性低压低氧诱发的小鼠认知功能损害

目的：探讨脑心通对急性低压低氧诱发的空间记忆功能损害的预防作用及机制。方法：36只小鼠随机分为2组：对照组,给药组;每组包括3个亚组（常压常氧组、海拔4000m组、海拔8000m组,n=6）。比较Y型电迷宫测试成绩及脑组织CAT、SOD、GSH、GSH-PX、MDA及LD的含量。结果：脑心通可以改善低压低氧小鼠的电迷宫测试记忆保持率;提高小鼠脑组织SOD、GSH、GSH-PX和CAT含量（P〈0.01）,而减低了MDA与LD的含量（P〈0.01）。结论：脑心通可减轻急性低压低氧导致的小鼠空间记忆能力下降,其机制与抑制氧化应激反应有关。     

补充褪黑激素对耐力训练小鼠一次性力竭运动后肝脏、骨骼肌与肾脏抗氧化酶的影响

目的 :探讨运动训练中补充褪黑激素 (Melatonin ,MT)对机体抗氧化系统的影响 ,为选用MT作为抗氧化剂或体能恢复剂提供实验依据。方法 :以雄性昆明种小鼠为实验对象 ,采用递增负荷耐力训练及一次性力竭运动建立模型。分别测定肾脏还原型谷胱甘肽 (ReducedGlutathione ,GSH)含量 ,肝脏、骨骼肌与肾脏的超氧化物歧化酶 (SuperoxideDismutase ,SOD)、过氧化物酶 (Peroxi dase ,POD)、过氧化氢酶 (Catalase ,CAT)的活性、总抗氧化能力 (TotalAnti -oxidationCapability ,T -AOC)与丙二醛 (Malondialdehyde ,MDA)含量。结果 :安静状态下 ,服用MT可显著提高肾脏GSH含量与SOD活性、肾与肝T -AOC及肝POD与CAT活性 (P <0 . 0 5～ 0 . 0 1 ) ,显著降低骨骼肌、肝与肾MDA含量 (P <0. 0 1 ) ,但明显抑制骨骼肌CAT活性 (P <0 . 0 1 ) ,对其余指标无显著影响。力竭运动后即刻 ,补充MT组大鼠骨骼肌、肾与肝T -AOC、肾与肝POD活性、骨骼肌MDA含量与肾GSH含量均显著高于对照组 (P <0 . 0 5～ 0 . 0 1 ) ,而肾与肝SOD活性、肾CAT活性与MDA含量均显著低于对照组 (P <0 . 0 5～ 0 . 0 1 ) ,两组间其余指标无显著性差异。 2 4h恢复后 ,服用MT组大鼠骨骼肌、肾与肝SOD与POD活性、骨骼肌与肾CAT活性、肾T -AOC活性与GSH含量均显     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.