银杏内酯对家兔血小板聚集率的影响

目的 探讨银杏内酯对家兔血小板聚集作用的影响.方法 进行体内、体外实验观察银杏内酯对由二磷酸腺苷(ADP)、血小板活化因子(PAF)及花生四烯酸(AA)诱导的家兔血小板聚集作用的影响.结果 银杏内酯体外抑制 ADP及 PAF 诱导的血小板聚集,IC50分别为 65.48 μg/mL 和 31.14 μg/mL,体内实验则同时抑制 ADP、PAF、AA诱导的血小板聚集.结论 银酯对 ADP、PAF诱导的体内、体外血小板聚集均有抑制作用,对 AA 诱导的体内血小板聚集有抑制作用,但对体外血小板聚集的抑制作用很弱.     

灯盏乙素对血栓形成及血小板聚集的影响

目的研究灯盏乙素对血栓形成及血小板聚集的影响.方法采用电刺激大鼠颈动脉血栓模型评价灯盏乙素对血栓形成的影响;应用Born比浊法测定灯盏乙素体内外对兔血小板聚集功能的影响.结果灯盏乙素对电刺激大鼠颈动脉引起的血栓形成具有明显的对抗作用;灯盏乙素体外显著抑制AA和ADP和PAF诱导的兔血小板聚集,其半数抑制浓度(m ed ium inh ib itory concentration,IC50)分别为70.5、39.8和97.7mg/L;灯盏乙素静脉注射也能明显降低AA和ADP、PAF诱导的兔血小板聚集率,且呈剂量-效应关系.结论灯盏乙素有明显的抗血栓形成作用,其机制与其抗血小板聚集作用密切相关.     

异型南五味子丁素、五味子酚和(+)-安五脂素对血小板聚集的影响

目的 观察3木脂素类成分：异型南五味子丁素(haeteroclitin D,HD)、五味子酚(schisanhenol,SAL)和( )-安五脂素[( )-anwulignan,AN]对血小板聚集的影响。方法 采用Born比浊法,观察此3种木脂素在0．05～25mg/L时对腺苷二磷酸(adenosine diphosphate,ADP)和血小板活化因子(platelet activating factor,PAF)诱导的兔血小板1、3、5min聚集率和最大聚集率以及最大聚集时间的影响。结果 ①HD和SAL可呈剂量依赖性抑制ADP和PAF诱导的血小板最大聚集率,AN的抑制作用较弱。②对ADP诱导的血小板1、3、5min聚集率,HD和SAL均可全程稳定抑制,AN5mg／L在3、5min时有较明显的抑制作用;对PAF诱导的血小板1、3、5min聚集率,HD在1、3min时抑制作用较强,SAL在3、5min时抑制作用较强。③HD、SAL,和AN对ADP和PAF诱导的血小板最大聚集时间无明显影响。结论 HD、SAL和AN在离体水平可不同程度抑制ADP和PAF诱导的兔血小板聚集。HD的抑制作用最强,可视为南五味子属药用植物的重要活性成分之一。     

SZ-1对脑血管内皮及平滑肌细胞释放花生四烯酸的影响

在体外培养的脑微血管内皮细胞及大脑前动脉平滑肌细胞上研究了血小板激活因子(PAF)对~(14)C-花生四烯酸(~(14)C-AA)释放的作用,并观察了新合成药物SZ-1的作用。结果表明~(14)C-AA在此两种细胞上参入很快,4h可达平衡,PAF 0.1～20μmol/L能显著刺激AA释放。SZ-1 0.2～20μmol/L能剂量依赖性地抑制PAF诱导的AA释放,且可剂量依赖性地抑制PAF诱导的兔洗涤血小板的聚集,但对由AA,ADP诱导的PRP的聚集无抑制作用,亦不能抑制脑微血管内皮细胞产生PAF,结果提示,SZ-1具有特异性的PAF受体拮抗作用。     

人参皂苷Re对ADP、PAF、AA诱导家兔血小板聚集功能的影响

[目的]研究人参皂苷Re对血小板聚集功能的影响。[方法]采用体外实验通过Born法观察人参皂苷Re对二磷酸腺苷钠盐(ADP)、血小板活化因子(PAF)、花生四烯酸(AA)诱导的家兔血小板聚集率的影响。[结果]人参皂苷Re体外抑制ADP、PAF、AA诱导的家兔血小板聚集差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为0.197、0.242、0.443 g/L。[结论]人参皂苷Re呈剂量依赖性抑制体外ADP、PAF、AA诱导的血小板聚集,且抗ADP诱导的血小板聚集作用强于PAF、AA。     

银杏内酯B衍生物(XQ)对PAF、ADP等诱导血小板聚集的抑制作用

目的探索银杏内酯B衍生物(XQ)抗血小板聚集的作用及其机制。方法体内外2种途径给药,以曲克芦丁、银杏内酯B为阳性对照物,观察XQ对PAF、ADP、AA、COL诱导家兔血小板聚集的抑制作用。结果XQ体外给药对PAF、ADP、AA、COL诱导的家兔血小板聚集均有抑制作用,IC50分别为1.49×10-1、7.20×105、1.78×102、4.69×103μg/mL。XQ体内给药(剂量为0.225、0.45、1.8 mg/kg)对上述各诱导剂也均有抑制作用,与对照组比较具有显著性差异(P<0.05、0.01)。银杏内酯B体外给药对PAF、ADP、AA、COL诱导的家兔血小板聚集均有抑制作用,IC50分别为8.59×10-1、8.43×103、5.30×102、1.03×102μg/mL。曲克芦丁在体外对PAF诱导剂无作用,而体内给药(24 mg/kg)则具有抑制作用。结论XQ对PAF、ADP、AA、COL诱导的血小板聚集有抑制作用,其中对PAF诱导剂的作用强于银杏内酯B,其作用机制可能与拮抗PAF受体有关。      

老鹳草素对血小板聚集和血小板-中性粒细胞之间相互作用的影响

目的 研究老鹳草素抗血小板聚集作用及其对血小板与中性粒细胞之间相互作用的影响.方法 采用Born方法观测老鹳草素在体内和体外对家兔血小板聚集功能的影响,运用玫瑰花结实验测定血小板与中性粒细胞的黏附反应,以Fura-2-AM为荧光指示剂,检测老鹳草索对激活的血小板内钙水平的影响.结果 老鹳草素在体外呈浓度依赖性明显抑制花生四烯酸(AA)、腺苷二磷酸(ADP)及血小板活化因子(PAF)诱导的血小板聚集功能.其半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为2.4、0.4和1.1μmol/L;5 mg/kg的老鹳草素灌胃亦明显抑制AA、ADP和PAF诱导的血小板聚集;老鹳草素显著降低洗涤血小板内钙离子浓度、减少细胞外钙内流及内钙释放,其IC50分别为71.9、84.9、62.9 μmol/L.老鹳草素明显阻抑凝血酶激活的血小板与中性粒细胞之间的黏附作用,并抑制肉豆蔻佛波醇(fMLP)激活的中性粒细胞上清液诱导的血小板聚集功能,其IC50分别为3.2和10.2 μmol/L.结论 老鹳草素明显抑制血小板聚集功能,降低血小板内钙水平,同时阻抑血小板与中性粒细胞之间的相互作用.     

咪苯嗪酮对血小板聚集、血栓形成和血小板环磷酸腺苷含量的影响

本文观察了新型强心剂咪苯嗪酮(CI 914)对血小板聚集、血栓形成和血小板cAMP含量的影响。用比浊法测定CI 914体外抑制AA,ADP和胶原诱导兔血小板聚集的IC_(50)分别为2.6,8.9和15.8μmol;大鼠ivCI 914.25mg/kg能抑制实验性血栓形成,20mg/kg能抑制上述三种诱导剂引起的血小板聚集。在体外,用竞争性蛋白结合法测定,CI-914可使洗涤兔血小板cAMP含量明显升高。CI-914能以剂量依赖方式协同     

血栓素B_2的高效液相荧光测定及刺五加提取物的抗血小板作用

本文在Turk 及 Wintersteiger 荧光衍生实验的基础上,建立了反相 HPLC 法测定血小板 TXB_2含量的方法.血小板 TXB_2用 Sep-Pak C_(18)提取,在冠醚和碳酸钾存在下,BrMmc 与 TXB_2的羧基反应生成 BrMmc-TXB_2。然后经 Zorbax-ODS 柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)分离,测定荧光强度(E×345,Em 405)。流动相为乙腈:水:磷酸(60:40:0.1V/V),流速1 ml/min.BrMmc-TXB_2的分离在20 min内完成。TXB_2的含量用外标法定量,检测限15ng。体外实验刺五加提取物(0.275～2.2 mg/mlPRP)对 AA、ADP 诱导的家兔血小板聚集有明显的抑制作用,并能抑制 AA 诱导的血小板 TXB_2的生成。静脉注射(120mg/kg)对 AA、ADP 诱导的聚集也有抑制作用。     

矶松素对中性粒细胞与血小板之间相互作用的影响

目的研究矶松素在体内外对血小板聚集功能及中性粒细胞与血小板之间相互作用的影响，方法采用Born方法测定不同状态（非激活或激活态）中性粒细胞对洗涤血小板聚集功能的影响；应用玫瑰花结试验及Born方法分别探讨矶松素对中性粒细胞与血小板间的相互作用，结果在体外，矶松素呈浓度相关性明显抑制ADP、AA及PAF诱导的血小板聚集，其半数抑制浓度（IC50）分别为39，4，82．7和38，1moL／L；10mg／kg矶松素灌胃后，其抗血小板聚集作用具体表现为：（1）对ADP引起的血小板聚集：于给药后60min即显示明显的抑制作用，于120min达最大效应，至给药后240min仍具有显著抑制作用；（2）对AA引起的血小板聚集：于灌胃后30min显效，180min达最大抑制作用，有效至少可持续240min；（3）对PAF引起的血小板聚集功能：于给药后90min起效，药效持续至给药后120min，矶松素明显降低凝血酶激活的洗涤血小板与中性粒细胞间的粘附率，其IC50为62，9mol／L，且明显阻抑肉豆蔻佛波醇（fMLP）或血小板活化因子（PAF）激活的中性粒细胞引起的洗涤血小板聚集，其IC50分别为54，3和47．6mol／L．结论矶松素在体内外均具有明显拮抗ADP、AA或PAF诱导的血小板聚集作用；矶松素显著减少血小板与中性粒细胞间的粘附作用；矶松素明显阻抑激活的中性粒细胞引起的血小板聚集功能.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.