N-乙酰半胱氨酸防治内毒素所致肝损伤的实验研究

目的　探讨N 乙酰半胱氨酸 (NAC)可否对内毒素性肝损伤进行抑制及相应的细胞、分子机制。方法　健康雄性昆明种小鼠 30只随机分为肝损伤组、NAC组和对照组 ,不同给药后检测肝匀浆肿瘤坏死因子(TNF) α、丙二醛 (MDA)和还原型谷胱甘肽 (GSH)含量变化 ,并行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 ,分析NAC对核因子(NF) κBp6 5、IκBα的影响。 结果　NAC不但使肝组织TNF α、MDA含量降低 ,GSH含量升高 ,且抑制了内毒素诱导胞质IκBα降解和NF κBp6 5的表达。 结论　NAC可能通过调整库普弗细胞氧化还原平衡 ,影响NF κBp6 5活化 (核易位 ) ,从而抑制了TNF α等炎性因子基因的表达 ,减轻肝损伤。     

Ghrelin通过核因子-κB抑制肿瘤坏死因子-α诱导的HepG2细胞PAI-1 mRNA表达

目的探讨Ghrelin对肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)诱导的HepG2细胞纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)mRNA表达的影响及核因子-κB(NF-κB)在其中的作用.方法HepG2细胞培养,加入不同浓度TNF-α,采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应测定(RT-PCR)检测PAI-1 mRNA的水平;免疫印迹法检测胞浆胞核NF-κBp65和胞浆κB抑制蛋白(IκB)的表达.给予Ghrelin预处理1 h后,加入TNF-α检测NF-κKBp65和IκB表达的变化.结果TNF-α(0.1,1,10μg·L-1)浓度依赖地增高HepG2细胞PAI-1 mRNA的表达;Ghrelin组的PAI-1 mRNA表达减少.TNF-α组胞核NF-κBp65表达增加,胞浆IκBα的表达减少;Ghrelin组较TNF-α组胞核NF-κBp65减少,胞浆IκBα的表达增加.结论TNF-α通过NF-κB介导HepG2 PAl-1mRNA的表达;Ghrelin通过抑制NF-κB而抑制TNF-α诱导PAI-1mRNA的表达.     

同型半胱氨酸对人脐静脉内皮细胞IκB和NF-κB表达的影响

目的:观察同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)核因子(NF)-κB的表达、激活的影响及其诱导动脉粥样硬化形成的分子机制。方法:将体外培养的HUVECs分为对照组、2.5(H1)、5(H2)、10(H3)及15mmol/L(H4)5组,培养24h。通过四甲基噻唑氮蓝(MTT)比色法测定细胞活力,采用RT-PCR法检测NF-κBp65mRNA的表达,Westernblot检测NF-κB抑制蛋白-α(IκB-α)的蛋白降解,免疫组化法检测NF-κB的核转移趋势。结果:H2、H3、H4组HUVECs细胞活力较对照组明显下降(P<0.01);Hcy可使NF-κBp65mRNA的表达明显增强(P<0.05或P<0.01);Hcy可促进IκB-α蛋白降解,且呈现明显的剂量依赖性;Hcy处理HUVECs后,大量的NF-κBp65从细胞质进入细胞核。结论:Hcy可通过增强NF-κBp65mRNA的表达,加速IκB-α蛋白的降解,促进NF-κBp65的释放、活化,从而转移进细胞核,调节其下游的趋化因子、细胞黏附分子的表达,促进动脉粥样硬化的形成和发展。     

宝华玉兰种子提取物对NF-κB及IκBα表达的抑制作用

目的探讨宝华玉兰种子提取物对核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)、核转录因子-κB抑制蛋白α(IκBα)表达的抑制作用机制。方法使用宝华玉兰种子提取物处理人肝癌细胞HepG2后,用Western blotting法检测NF-κB及IκBα蛋白的表达变化情况。结果宝华玉兰种子提取物对IκBα的磷酸化及降解有抑制作用。宝华玉兰种子提取物可有效抑制NF-κB介导的基因转录。结论宝华玉兰种子提取物可能通过抑制IκBα磷酸化及降解,阻断NF-κB活性,进而抑制COX-2而发挥其抗炎和抗肿瘤作用。     

姜黄素通过阻断NF-κB减少IL-1β诱导的内皮脂酶表达

目的观察姜黄素对培养的人血管内皮细胞内皮脂酶表达的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法不同浓度的姜黄素处理HUVEC-12细胞。RT-PCR检测内皮酯酶(endo-thelial lipase,EL)mRNA的表达;Western blot检测核因子-κB抑制因子-α(inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB-α,IκB-α)蛋白的表达;间接免疫荧光检测核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)蛋白的活化。结果IL-1β处理HUVEC-12细胞可以明显上调EL mRNA的表达,同时降低胞质蛋白IκB-α的表达水平,激活核转录因子NF-κB,增加胞核蛋白NF-κB的水平。姜黄素预处理HUVEC-12细胞可以抑制IL-1β对EL的上调作用,同时逆转IL-1β诱导的IκB-α蛋白降解和NF-κB活化。结论姜黄素可以通过阻断NF-κB活化减少IL-1β诱导的人血管内皮细胞EL的表达。     

FK228对HepG2细胞NF-κB活化及炎症因子转录的影响

目的:研究FK228对TNF-α诱导的人肝癌细胞HepG2核转录因子κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)活化及炎症因子IL-6、IL-8转录的影响。方法:培养的HepG2细胞分为对照组、TNF-α刺激组和FK228干预组。分别用TNF-α刺激和FK228+TNF-α共同作用,免疫印迹(Western blot)法分析细胞核中NF-κBp65及其细胞浆中抑制因子IκBα的表达;RT-PCR对炎症因子IL-6、IL-8 mRNA作半定量分析。结果:FK228(4～32μg·L~(-1))干预组与TNF-α刺激组比较,细胞核内NF-κB显著减少(P<0.01);FK228(8～32μg·L~(-1))减少胞浆中IκBα的降解且各组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);FK228降低TNF-α诱导的IL-6、IL-8 mRNA表达,FK228干预组与TNF-α刺激组相比,差异具统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:FK228减少胞浆中IκBα降解、阻碍NF-κB的过度活化可能是降低炎症因子释放、发挥抗炎作用的重要机制。     

温郁金二萜类化合物C对脂多糖所致人胃腺癌SGC7901细胞NF-κB活化和炎症因子分泌的影响

目的:研究温郁金二萜类化合物对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的人胃腺癌SGC7901细胞中炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-1β)分泌影响,并探讨其可能分子机制。方法:以10mg/L的LPS刺激体外培养的SGC7901细胞为炎症模型。酶联免疫法测上清中TNF-α、IL-1β分泌量,蛋白质印迹法检测P65、NF-κB抑制蛋白(IκBα)表达,细胞免疫荧光法检测NF-κB P65蛋白核易位。结果:LPS明显诱导人胃腺癌SGC7901细胞TNF-α、IL-1β分泌,P65蛋白生成增多,并大量易位于细胞核;IκBα蛋白降解增多。温郁金化合物抑制LPS诱导的IκBα蛋白降解及P65核易位。结论:温郁金二萜类化合物可能通过抑制NF-κB活化来实现抗炎作用。     

异甘草酸镁对成纤维细胞NF-κB信号通路活性的影响

目的:研究异甘草酸镁(magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate,MgIG)对成纤维细胞核因子-kappa B(nuclear factor kappa B,NF-κB)信号通路活性的影响。方法:实验分6组,为空白对照组、TNF-α模型组、地塞米松(dexamethasone,DEX)阳性对照组和0.1、1、10mg/ml的MgIG组。DEX组和MgIG组分别给予DEX(1μg/ml)和MgIG(0.1、1、10mg/ml)预处理4h后,除对照组外,其余5组加入TNF-α(20ng/ml)作用1.5h。提取细胞核蛋白,以免疫印迹法检测NF-κB p65蛋白质表达。提取总RNA,用实时PCR技术检测细胞内IκBαmRNA表达。成纤维细胞经DEX和MgIG预处理4h后加入TNF-α作用24h(浓度同上),用报告基因技术检测NF-κB基因表达。结果:成纤维细胞经TNF-α作用1.5h后,细胞核内NF-κB p65蛋白质表达量明显增加,IκBαmRNA表达上调;TNF-α作用24h后,NF-κB基因上调。DEX预处理4h,可以明显减少TNF-α引起的核内NF-κB p65蛋白质表达和细胞内IκBαmRNA表达,明显降低与TNF-α共作用24h后NF-κB基因表达。MgIG处理成纤维细胞4h后,能够明显降低TNF-α作用1.5h后核内NF-κB p65蛋白质表达量,但对IκBαmRNA表达水平无明显影响。1、10mg/ml的MgIG能够明显降低与TNF-α共作用24h后NF-κB基因表达水平。结论:MgIG的抗炎作用与抑制NF-κB p65转位入核和NF-κB基因表达,从而抑制NF-κB信号通路活性相关,但与DEX不同的是MgIG不能改变IκBαmRNA表达水平。     

桂枝、荆芥挥发油对大鼠急性肺损伤模型核因子κB信号通路影响的比较

目的探讨桂枝、荆芥挥发油对核因子κB/IκB信号通路的影响。方法用大肠肝菌内毒素(LPS)制作大鼠急性肺损伤模型,通过桂枝挥发油和荆芥挥发油治疗后,采用ELISA法检测肺组织细胞中核蛋白NF-κB P65的含量和肺组织溶浆中磷酸化IκB-α、TNF-α和IL-1β的含量。结果正常大鼠肺组织中,NF-κB P65、磷酸化IκB-α、TNF-α和IL-1β有微量表达,LPS经尾静脉注射6 h后,各指标表达均显著增高,与空白对照组比较有显著差异(P<0.01),桂枝、荆芥挥发油组NF-κB P65、磷酸化IκB-α、TNF-α和IL-1β的含量均较模型组显著降低(P<0.01)。结论桂枝、荆芥挥发油对急性肺损伤时高度活化的核因子κB/IκB信号通路有显著的抑制或拮抗作用,提示核因子κB/IκB信号通路可能是桂枝、荆芥挥发油抗炎作用的主要机制之一。     

Pristimerin,a natural anti-tumor triterpenoid,inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-8 production through down-regulation of ROS-related classical NF-κB pathway in THP-1 cells

Pristimerin, a naturally occurring quinonemethide triterpenoid compound, is known to exert a variety of pharmacological activities. In the present study, we investigated the molecular actions of pristimerin against LPS-induced inflammatory responses in human monocytic THP-1 cells. The results showed that pristimerin inhibited the production of TNF-α and IL-8 in a dose-dependent manner. To explore the possible mechanisms underlying these inhibitions by pristimerin, we examined the intracellular ROS level and the NF-κB protein signaling pathway. Pristimerin clearly scavenged LPS-induced intracellular ROS production. In addition, pristimerin prevented LPS-induced NF-κB activation through the inhibition of phosphorylation of IKKα/β, phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, as well as phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. These findings suggest that pristimerin down-regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators through blocking of NF-κB activation by inhibiting interconnected ROS/IKK/NF-κB signaling pathways.     

Anti-inflammatory activity of bark of Dioscorea batatas DECNE through the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expressions in RAW264.7 cells via NF-κB and ERK1/2 inactivation

We identified a bioactive herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory activity from an ethanol extract derived from the bark of Dioscorea batatas DECNE (BDB) in RAW264.7 cells. We examined the effects of BDB on nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. BDB consistently inhibited both NO and PGE₂ production in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC₅₀ of 87–71 μg/ml, respectively. The reduction of NO and PGE₂ production were accompanied by a reduction in iNOS and COX-2 protein expression, as evaluated by Western blotting. To evaluate the action mode of BDB and its ability to inhibit iNOS and COX-2 protein expression, we assessed the effects of BDB on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) DNA-binding activity, NF-κB-dependent reporter gene activity, inhibitory factor-κB (IκB) phosphorylation and degradation, and p65 nuclear translocation. BDB suppressed DNA-binding activity and reporter gene activity as well as translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit. BDB also down-regulated IκB kinase (IKK), thus inhibiting LPS-induced both phosphorylation and the degradation of IκBα. In addition, BDB also inhibited the LPS-induced activation of ERK1/2.     

滨蒿内酯对四氯化碳致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用研究

目的:研究滨蒿内酯对四氯化碳(CCl4)致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用及潜在分子机制.方法:将50只雄性昆明种小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、水飞蓟素组(阳性对照,120 mg/kg)和滨蒿内酯高、低剂量组(60、30 mg/kg),每组10只.各给药组小鼠均灌胃相应药物,正常对照组和模型组小鼠灌胃等体积0.5％羧甲基纤维...     

Phlorofucofuroeckol B suppresses inflammatory responses by down-regulating nuclear factor κB activation via Akt,ERK, and JNK in LPS-stimulated microglial cells

Microglial activation has been implicated in many neurological disorders for its inflammatory and neurotrophic effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of phlorofucofuroeckol B (PFF-B) isolated from Ecklonia stolonifera, on the production of inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia. PFF-B decreased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 and the expression of pro-inflammatory proteins such as cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. Profoundly, PFF-B inhibited activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) by preventing the degradation of inhibitor κB-α (IκB-α), which led to prevent the nuclear translocation of p65 NF-κB subunit. Moreover, PFF-B inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, ERK, and JNK. These results indicate that the anti-inflammatory effect of PFF-B on LPS-stimulated microglial cells is mainly regulated by the inhibition of IκB-α/NF-κB and Akt/ERK/JNK pathways. Our study suggests that PFF-B can be considered as a therapeutic agent against neuroinflammation by inhibiting microglial activation.     

Inhibition of VCAM-1 expression on mouse vascular smooth muscle cells by lobastin via downregulation of p38, ERK 1/2 and NF-κB signaling pathways

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, the progression of which is associated with the increased expression of cell adhesion molecules on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Lobastin is a new pseudodepsidone isolated from Stereocaulon alpinum, Antarctic lichen, which is known to have antioxidant and antibacterial activities. However, the nature of the biological effects of lobastin still remains unclear. In the present study, we examine the effect of lobastin on the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecules (VCAM-1) induced by TNF-α in the cultured mouse VSMC cell line, MOVAS-1. Pretreatment of VSMCs for 2 h with lobastin (0.1–10 μg/ml) concentration-dependently inhibited TNF-α-induced protein expression of VCAM-1. Lobastin also inhibited TNF-α-induced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Lobastin abrogated TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of p38 and ERK 1/2, but not JNK, and also inhibited TNF-α-induced NK-κB activation. In addition, lobastin suppressed TNF-α-induced IκB kinase activation, subsequent degradation of IκBα and nuclear translocation of p65 NF-κB. Our results indicate that lobastin downregulates the TNF-α-mediated induction of VCAM-1 in VSMC by inhibiting the p38, ERK 1/2 and NF-κB signaling pathways and intracellular ROS generation. Thus, lobastin may be an important regulator of inflammation in the atherosclerotic lesion and a novel therapeutic drug for the treatment of atherosclerosis.