附睾及睾丸精子行ICSI治疗无精子症妊娠结局

目的 :回顾性分析 5 0例无精子症患者利用附睾或睾丸精子行卵细胞胞质内单精子注射 (ICSI)的治疗结局。　方法 :经皮附睾精子抽吸术 (PESA)或睾丸切开取精术 (TESE)获得精子行ICSI,评估取精的成功率 ,ICSI后的受精率、种植率及临床妊娠率 ,以精液精子ICSI组作为对照。　结果 :PESA、TESE与精液精子组分别注射MⅡ期成熟卵子 2 86、36 0、15 6 9个 ,受精率 3组差异无显著性 (74 .8% ,75 .2 %vs 77.5 % ,P >0 .0 5 )。种植率、妊娠率TESE与精液精子组差异无显著性 (2 9.87%vs 2 9.5 4 % ;4 8.15 %vs 5 2 .6 0 % ,P >0 .0 5 ) ,PESA组显著高于TESE组及精液精子组 (5 0 .85 %vs 2 9.87% ,2 9.5 4 % ;6 8%vs 4 8.15 % ,5 2 .6 0 % ,P <0 .0 5 )。PESA组共妊娠 17例 ,已分娩 6例 ,继续妊娠 9例 ,流产 2例 ;TESE组共妊娠 13例 ,已分娩 7例 ,继续妊娠 4例 ,流产 2例。　结论 :采用附睾或睾丸精子行ICSI是治疗男性无精子症的有效方法。     

经皮附睾精子抽吸术和睾丸精子获取术在无精子症诊断和治疗中的应用

目的 :研究附睾和睾丸精子抽吸术对无精子症患者的诊断和治疗价值。　方法 :应用经皮附睾精子抽吸术(PESA)和睾丸精子获取术 (TESE)两种方法对 385例无精子症患者进行穿刺检查。　结果 :其中 6 4例附睾中存在精子 (1 6 .6 2 %) ;4 5例患者睾丸中存在精子 (1 1 .6 9%) ;对其中 6 4例睾丸或附睾中发现精子的患者采取PESA或TESE取精后行卵细胞胞质内单精子注射 (ICSI)治疗。胚胎移植后妊娠率为 39.0 7%。　结论 :PESA和TESE为部分无精子症患者提供了生育的机会 ,也是针对无精子症的有效的治疗手段。     

梗阻性无精子症患者睾丸抽吸精子行ICSI后的胚胎结局

目的总结非手术精子抽吸(NSA)联合ICSI对梗阻性无精子症患者的治疗意义,并探讨精子来源等对ICSI后胚胎结局的影响。方法回顾性分析642个ICSI周期,比较了睾丸抽吸精子和精液精子行ICSI后的受精率、优质胚胎率、临床妊娠率、种植率及胚胎停育率等。结果NSA睾丸精子组和精液精子组相比较,其2PN受精率、优质胚胎率、临床妊娠率、种植率及胚胎停育率之间均没有显著性差异(71．4％vs 73．2％, 73．1％vs 70．1％,34．2％vs 32．6％,22．3％vs 19．8％,21．3％vs 25．0％,P>0．05)。结论非手术抽吸睾丸精子联合ICSI是治疗梗阻性无精子症的一种有效方法。     

ICSI中不同来源精子对临床结局的影响

目的:分析不同来源精子在卵细胞胞质内单精子注射(ICSI)后的临床结局。方法:将682个ICSI治疗周期分为:射出精子组(598例)、经皮附睾精子抽吸术(PESA)得到精子组(58例)、睾丸精子获取术(TSE)得到精子组(26例),比较三组的受精率、临床妊娠率、种植率、流产率、异位妊娠率以及分娩率之间的差别。结果:TSE组受精率明显低于射出精子组和PESA组(81.06%vs87.95%,87.82%,P<0.05);射出精子组、PESA组和TSE组的妊娠率(39.46%,48.28%,34.62%)、种植率(19.80%,23.80%,18.34%)、流产率(13.13%,17.86%,11.11%)、异位妊娠率(5.51%,7.14%,11.11%)、分娩率(32.11%,36.21%,26.92%),均没有显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:虽然TSE来源精子对ICSI受精率有所影响,但射出精子和手术(TSE和PESA)来源精子对妊娠结局没有影响。     

单精子卵细胞质内注射治疗梗阻性无精子症

目的:总结单精子卵细胞质内注射治疗梗阻性无精子症的诊疗经验。方法:回顾总结2006年1月～2008年12月间107例梗阻性无精子症病例ICSI助孕资料,比较先天性输精管缺如组与非先天性输精管缺如组之间受精率、卵裂率以及妊娠率的差异。结果:107例梗阻性无精子症病例ICSI助孕中共行单精子卵细胞质内注射949枚卵子,形成受精卵678枚(受精率71.4%),获得胚胎卵裂605枚(卵裂率89.2%),临床妊娠44例,临床妊娠率41.1%。其中先天性输精管缺如49例,行单精子卵细胞质内注射442枚卵子,形成受精卵308枚(受精率69.6%),获得胚胎卵裂279枚(卵裂率90.6%),临床妊娠27例,临床妊娠率55.1%;炎症或手术等原因引起的梗阻性无精子症58例,行单精子卵细胞质内注射507枚卵子,形成受精卵370枚(受精率72.9%),获得胚胎卵裂326枚(卵裂率88.1%),临床妊娠17例,临床妊娠率29.3%。两组比较受精率、卵裂率无统计学差异(P>0.05),临床妊娠率有统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论:采用经皮附睾或睾丸穿刺抽吸精子结合ICSI技术助孕是治疗梗阻性无精子症的安全有效方法。先天性输精管缺如较其它原因所导致的梗阻性无精子症有更高的临床妊娠率。炎症或手术等原因除引起精道梗阻外也可能影响精子的质量,导致胚胎发育潜能下降。     

不同来源精子行卵细胞胞质内单精子注射临床妊娠结局分析

1992年卵细胞胞质内单精子注射(intracytoplasmic sperm injection,ICSI)技术的出现成为治疗男性不育的有效方法,使得少、弱、畸精子症患者有了生育的希望.次年无精子症患者通过经皮附睾穿刺取精(percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration,PESA)及睾丸取精(testicular sperm extraction,TESA)行ICSI获得妊娠,彻底终结了原先不可治愈的睾丸衰竭、射精障碍或不可修复的梗阻性无精子症患者不能拥有亲子后代的历史.     

冻融复苏微量精子行卵细胞胞质内单精子注射术的疗效及临床妊娠结局分析

目的:回顾性分析123例无精子症患者经皮附睾精子抽吸术(PESA)或经皮睾丸精子抽吸术(TESA)后冻融复苏微量精子行卵细胞胞质内单精子注射术(ICSI)的疗效及临床妊娠结局情况。方法:将采用微量冻融PESA、TESA精子行ICSI的病例归为冻融精子组,采用新鲜PESA、TESA精子行ICSI的病例归为对照组。比较冻融精子组与新鲜精子组组间及组内的双原核(2PN)受精率、优质胚胎率、临床妊娠率、流产率、宫外孕率、多胎妊娠率有无统计学差异。结果:PESA精子冻融组与新鲜组受精率、优质胚胎率、临床妊娠率、流产率、宫外孕率及多胎妊娠率分别为75.67%vs76.49%,64.96%vs66.19%,55.21%vs57.22%,13.21%vs12.61%,3.77%vs5.41%,37.74%vs37.84%(P>0.05),TESA精子冻融组与新鲜组受精率、优质胚胎率、临床妊娠率、流产率、宫外孕率及多胎妊娠率分别为74.41%vs76.43%,64.63%vs66.35%,46.81%vs53.39%,18.18%vs14.55%,4.55%vs1.82%,37.74%vs37.84%,组间及组内均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。PESA精子与TESA精子冻融复苏成功率为70.07%vs62.67%,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:微量PESA及TESA精子冻融技术对无精子症患者来说是一种安全、经济、有效的治疗方法;精子冷冻复苏技术有待于进一步提高;该技术是否会增加子代远期遗传风险仍有待于进一步探讨和研究。     

不同来源精子行ICSI助孕临床结局分析

目的探讨不同来源精子行卵胞浆内单精子注射-胚胎移植(ICSI-ET)助孕对妊娠结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2018年6月在我院生殖医学中心采用黄体中期长方案行ICSI-ET助孕的2 527例患者的临床资料(共2 573个新鲜移植周期)。根据精子获取方式不同分为3组:射精组(2 007个周期)、经皮附睾穿刺取精(PESA)组(373个周期)、睾丸穿刺取精(TESA)组(193个周期),比较3组患者的一般资料及实验室相关指标和妊娠结局。结果 3组的女方年龄、助孕周期数、不孕年限、获卵数、MⅡ卵数比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。射精组的2PN率(83.28%)和可利用胚胎率(57.43%)显著高于PESA组(分别为76.75%和53.59%)和TESA组(分别为76.33%和53.28%)(P<0.01);射精组、TESA组的2PN卵裂率(分别为98.84%和99.26%)显著高于PESA组(97.85%)(P<0.01)。3组患者的胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率、多胎率、流产率、活产率、新生儿男女性别比及出生缺陷发生率比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结...     

附睾或睾丸精子对梗阻性无精子症ICSI治疗结局影响的系统评价

目的:系统评价梗阻性无精子症患者选择附睾精子或睾丸精子行ICSI治疗对其临床结局的影响。方法:通过计算机检索Pub Med、Medline、EMBASE、Cochrane图书馆和CNKI、VIP、CBM、万方数据库建库至2015年12月有关梗阻性无精子症患者采用附睾精子或睾丸精子行ICSI治疗的文献,由2位研究者按照纳入与排除标准进行文献筛选、资料提取和质量评价,并采用Rev Man5.3软件进行meta分析。结果:共纳入14项试验研究,包括梗阻性无精子症患者1 278例,共计1 552个周期。Meta分析结果显示:梗阻性无精子症患者行ICSI治疗,附睾精子比睾丸精子具有更好的受精率[RR=1.08,95%CI(1.05,1.11),P0.01];附睾精子和睾丸精子的卵裂率[RR=1.04,95%CI(0.99,1.10),P=0.13]、优质胚胎率[RR=1.01,95%CI(0.93,1.09),P=0.85]、种植率[RR=1.14,95%CI(0.75,1.73),P=0.55]、临床妊娠率[RR=1.14,95%CI(0.98,1.31),P=0.08]以及流产率[RR=0.86,95%CI(0.53,1.39),P=0.54]差异均无统计学意义。结论:梗阻性无精子症患者行ICSI治疗,附睾精子显示出更高的受精率,而在卵裂率、优质胚胎率、种植率、临床妊娠率以及流产率方面,两者临床结局差异不大。     

经皮附睾穿刺取精精子冷冻复苏后卵细胞胞质内单精子注射治疗无精子症的初步研究

目的:回顾性分析27例无精子症患者经皮附睾穿刺取精术(PESA)所获精子冷冻复苏后行卵细胞胞质内单精子注射(ICSI)治疗后的效果及妊娠结局。方法:将诊断性附睾穿刺以及PESA治疗周期ICSI后所剩余活精子以常规方法加以冷冻,将复苏后找到了足量活精子并行ICSI的病例归为冻精组,而采用新鲜PESA活精子ICSI的病例则归为对照组。比较冻精组与对照组的受精率、种植率、临床妊娠率,同时分析两组间的妊娠并发症、新生儿出生及畸形等情况。结果:冻精组15个周期、对照组100个周期分别注射MⅡ期成熟卵子163、1 157个,受精率冻精组显著高于对照组(84.05%vs73.29%,P<0.05),种植率、临床妊娠率则两组间差异无显著性(23.07%vs15.73%;53.33%vs37.00%,P>0.05),新生儿出生体重差异亦无显著性(P>0.05)。冻精组共妊娠8例,已分娩5例,继续妊娠3例。对照组妊娠37例,已分娩30例,1例死胎;继续妊娠3例;流产4例。两组均未出现重大的妊娠并发症及新生儿畸形。结论:采用PESA冷冻精子ICSI是治疗男性无精子症的一种经济、有效、安全的方法;但PESA冻精复苏率有待于进一步提高。     

外科取精术在无精子症诊断与治疗中的应用

目的研究外科取精术在无精子症诊断与治疗中的应用价值。方法在诊断为无精子症的、患者中,经睾丸体积测定、血清性激素水平、生殖系统超声等检查后,选择符合条件者198例,在局麻下行外科取精术,对获得组织显微镜下检查,统计分析取精结果。获得的精子行卵胞浆内单精子显微注射术（ICSI）及胚胎移植术（ET）,统计评估受精率、卵裂率、临床妊娠率及流产率。结果其中78例附睾中存在精子（39．4％）,23例睾丸中存在精子（11．6％）。睾丸体积正常的取精成功率明显高于睾丸体积偏小者,有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。血清促卵泡刺激素（FSH）水平正常的取精成功率明显高于FSH增高者,差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01）。82例外科取精术获得精子的患者进行ICSI治疗,附睾取精组与睾丸取精组比较,受精率、卵裂率、临床妊娠率及流产率差异均无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）。结论外科取精术操作简单且创伤较小,能准确鉴别诊断梗阻性无精子症（OA）及非梗阻性无精子症（NOA）,对无精子症的诊断有重要价值;为部分无精子症患者提供了生育自己生物学子代的机会,也是针对无精子症的有效治疗手段。     

不同生精功能和取精方式对无精子症ICSI妊娠结局的影响

目的 分析采用经皮附睾精子抽吸术(PESA)或经皮睾丸精子抽吸术(TESA)获得精子对不同生精功能无精子症进行卵泡浆内单精子注射(ICSI)治疗的妊娠结局.方法 经PESA获得附睾精子,经TESA获得睾丸精子,女方进行常规超排卵.两种取精方法获得的精子进行ICSI,比较其妊娠率.结果 216次采用PESA获得附睾精子,87次采用TESA获得睾丸精子,PESA和TESA组的妊娠率分别为41.7%和43.7%,(P>0.05).随着生精功能状态从正常到重度生精功能障碍的变化,其妊娠率依次为:46.8%,41.6%,36.7%和16.7%.其中生精功能正常组与轻度和中度生精功能障碍组差异无统计学意义,但与重度生精功能障碍组差异均有统计学意义.结论 采用PESA或TESA结合ICSI是治疗男性无精子症的有效方法,而且认为生精功能正常组和轻度及中度生精功能障碍三组无精子症患者均可试行ICSI.     

Male factors determining the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection with epididymal and testicular spermatozoa

During a period of 8 years, 1,079 intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedures with aspirated epididymal or testicular spermatozoa were performed. Epididymal spermatozoa were used in 172 cycles and testicular spermatozoa or spermatids in 907 cycles. Multiple biopsies were obtained from at least two different locations in the testes. Retrieved spermatozoa were used after cryopreservation (frozen) or immediately after aspiration (fresh). Three hundred patients had obstructive azoospermia (OA) or ejaculation failure. In 414 cases, azoospermia was caused by impaired spermatogenesis resulting from maldescended testes, chemotherapy/radiotherapy, or by Sertoli-cell-only syndrome, genetic disorders or unknown aetiology. Transfer rates, pregnancy rates and birth rates per ICSI cycle showed no statistically significant differences between testicular and epididymal spermatozoa in men with OA (28% average birth rates in both cases). However, birth rates differed significantly with regard to the status of spermatogenesis. Treatment of men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) resulted in a birth rate of 19% per cycle. In all patient groups, there was no difference in the birth rates achieved with fresh and cryopreserved spermatozoa. While testicular volume, follicle-stimulating hormone level and age of the male patient are no statistically significant prognostic factors, the underlying cause of azoospermia is the most important factor determining the outcome of ICSI with epididymal and testicular spermatozoa. The pregnancy rate is lower in NOA patients than in those with OA.     

左旋肉碱在经皮附睾穿刺取精-卵细胞胞质内单精子注射治疗中的应用

目的:探讨左旋肉碱在经皮附睾穿刺取精-卵细胞胞质内单精子注射(PESA-ICSI)治疗中的应用。方法:随机将2008年9月至2009年8月间本中心就治的79例梗阻性无精子症患者分成2组:未服药组(A组36例)和服药组(B组43例)。B组ICSI治疗取卵前3个月口服左旋肉碱(1g,2次/d)治疗,A组未作任何治疗作为对照,比较A、B两组间PESA-ICSI的获卵数、受精数、受精率、优质胚胎数和优质胚胎率。结果:A、B两组间受精数和受精率无显著性差异,但B组获得优质胚胎数及优质胚胎率明显高于A组(P<0.05)。结论:ICSI治疗前不育男性口服左旋肉碱3个月能显著提高PESA-ICSI的优质胚胎数及优质胚胎率,为将来获得良好的妊娠结局奠定基础。     

Correlation between the motility of frozen–thawed epididymal spermatozoa and the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection

The purpose of this study was to investigate if the outcome of ICSI was influenced by epididymal sperm motility in frozen-thawed specimens. A total of 18 ICSI treatment cycles using spermatozoa retrieved by microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA) were analysed retrospectively. Cryopreservation of epididymal spermatozoa was performed when enough epididymal aspirates were collected. Sixty-nine out of 126 oocytes injected with spermatozoa retrieved by MESA were fertilized, giving a fertilization rate of 54.8%. Out of 18 embryo transfer cycles, 6 (33.3%) achieved pregnancies. Fresh epididymal spermatozoa were used in 5 cycles while frozen-thawed epididymal spermatozoa were used in 13 cycles for ICSI. The fertilization rates were 68.6% (35/51) in the former group and 45.3% (34/75) in the latter group, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.05). In ICSI treatments using fresh epididymal spermatozoa, the cells used for injection were all motile. However, motile epididymal spermatozoa could be used in only five ICSI treatment cycles after freeze-thawing. In 6 cycles, only immotile sperm were used for injection of frozen-thawed spermatozoa. The fertilization rate in each group was 68.4% (13/19) and 31.6% (12/38), respectively. There was a significant difference between these groups (p < 0.01). These results indicate that the outcome of ICSI was influenced by sperm motility in frozen-thawed epididymal specimens. When no sperm motility could be recovered after freeze-thawing even with chemical treatments, consideration should be given to retrieving fresh epididymal spermatozoa again to achieve a better fertilization rate in such patients.     

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection by testicular sperm in patients with aspermia or azoospermia after cancer treatment

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficiency of testicular biopsy and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in patients with aspermia or non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) after cancer treatment. From 1996 to 2003, 30 men with a history of cancer, affected by aspermia or NOA and without sperm cryopreserved before cytotoxic treatment underwent testicular sperm extraction (TESE). In these men, clinical, hormonal and histological characteristics were compared; 13 underwent 39 TESE-ICSI cycles using frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa (TESE-ICSI group). In the same period, 31 ICSI cycles were performed in 20 men with aspermia or NOA using ejaculated sperm frozen before cancer treatment (ejaculated sperm-ICSI group). Fertilization, blastocyst development, pregnancy and miscarriage rates were compared between the groups. Testicular volume, serum follicle-stimulating hormone level and Johnsen score indicated complete although reduced spermatogenesis in men with aspermia and abnormal spermatogenesis in men with NOA. After TESE, sperm retrieval was positive in 92% of men with aspermia and 58% of men with NOA. In TESE-ICSI patients with NOA a significantly lower proportion of embryos developed to the blastocyst stage than in patients with aspermia and in those after ICSI with frozen-thawed ejaculated sperm (23% vs. 43% and 47%, p = 0.03 and p < 0.01 respectively). In all groups the miscarriage rates were high; in patients with aspermia and NOA, characterized by increased age, the miscarriage rate tended to be higher in spite of similar female age and female indications of infertility. In patients affected by aspermia or NOA after cancer treatment and without sperm cryopreserved before treatment, TESE-ICSI using testicular sperm provide a chance to father a child.     

Outcome of repeated micro-surgical testicular sperm extraction in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia

Aim： To evaluate the outcome of repetitive micro-surgical testicular sperm extraction （mTESE） attempts in non-obstructive azoospermia （NOA） cases, in relation to patients＇ initial testicular histology results. Methods： A total of 68 patients with NOA in whom mTESE had been performed in previous intracytoplasmic sperm injection （ICSI） attempts were reviewed. Results： Among the 68 patients with NOA, the first mTESE yielded mature sperm for ICSI in 44 （64%） （Sp^＋）, and failed in the remaining 24 （36%） （Sp^-）. Following their first trial, 24 patients decided to undergo a second mTESE. Of these 24 patients, no spermatozoa were obtained in 5 patients, and Sp^＋ but no fertilization/pregnancy were achieved in 19. In these 24 cases, mTESE was successively repeated for two （n = 24）, three （n = 4） and four （n = 1） times. The second attempt yielded mature sperm in 3/5 patients from the Sp group and 16/19 patients from the Sp^＋ group. At the third and fourth trials, 4/4 and 1/1 of the original Sp^＋ patients were Sp^＋ again, respectively. Distribution of main testicular histology included Sertoli cell-only syndrome （16%）, maturation arrest （22%）, hypospermatogenesis （21%） and focal spermatogenesis （41%）. Overall, in repetitive mTESE, 24/29 （82%） of the attempts were finally Sp^＋. Conclusion： Repeated mTESE in patients with NOA is a feasible option, yielding considerably high sperm recovery rate. In patients with NOA, mTESE may safely be repeated one or more times to increase sperm retrieval rate, as well as to increase the chance of retrieving fresh spermatozoa to enable ICSI.