关节镜下经皮螺丝钉内固定治疗髌骨骨折

目的探讨关节镜下经皮螺丝钉内固定治疗髌骨骨折的临床疗效。方法两组对照：治疗组2001年11月-2005年12月采用关节镜监视下经皮螺丝钉内固定治疗髌骨骨折30例；对照组随机选择既往同期常规髌骨骨折切开复位内固定30例。随访按1、3、6和12个月进行，按胥少汀评分法评价膝关节功能恢复情况并经统计学处理。结果治疗组与对照组优良率P〉0．05，差异无统计学意义；而治疗组与对照组手术出血量、手术时间、手术住院时间及患者正常工作时间的统计学处理差异有显著性。结论关节镜下经皮螺丝钉内固定治疗髌骨骨折创伤少，出血少，副损伤少，复位确切，关节活动早，功能恢复快。     

髌骨骨折应用分体式髌骨爪辅以丝线内固定的临床研究

研究髌骨骨折应用分体式髌骨爪辅以丝线内固定的临床疗效。研究组实施分体式髌骨爪辅以丝线内固定术进行治疗,常规组实施膝关节常规克氏针内固定术实施治疗。两组术后均随访半年,比照两组的膝关节愈合预后情况、随访期间内置物松脱情况、内置物固定失效情况及骨体愈合时间。两组患者膝关节愈合情况比较:随访期截至结束,研究组总有效率为89.02%,显著高于常规组的68.29%(P0.05),差异有统计学意义。研究组其内置物松脱率、内固定失效率及骨折痊愈时间均显著小于常规组(P0.05),差异有统计学意义。髌骨骨折应用分体式髌骨爪辅以丝线内固定的临床研究其术后效果更稳固,更利于膝关节功能的恢复。     

关节镜监视下微创经皮螺丝钉内固定治疗低能量胫骨平台骨折

目的 探讨关节镜监视下微创经皮螺丝钉内固定治疗低能量胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2001年12月～2007年2月在关节镜监视下经皮螺丝钉内固定治疗低能量胫骨平台骨折36例,其中男21例,女15例;年龄18～68岁,平均36岁.按Schatzker分型:Ⅰ型16例,Ⅱ型12例,Ⅲ型8例.结果 36例随访6～24个月,平均12个月,所有骨折均获骨性愈合,患膝按照Lysholm膝关节评分标准,优29例(80.5%),良4例(11.1%),可3例(8.4%),总体优良率91.6%.结论 关节镜监视下经皮螺丝钉内固定治疗低能量胫骨平台骨折复位满意,固定可靠,关节功能恢复快、恢复好,镜下手术创伤小,并发症少,还能同时处理关节内并发伤及其他疾病,治疗低能量胫骨平台骨折有一定的优越性.     

关节镜下复位经皮中空拉力螺钉及张力带内固定治疗髌骨骨折的临床研究

目的:探讨关节镜下复位经皮中空拉力螺钉及张力带内固定手术治疗髌骨骨折的临床效果。方法:选择髌骨骨折患者22例,在关节镜下复位,经皮采用中空拉力螺钉及张力带固定,观察治疗效果。结果:22例随访6～30个月,平均10个月,髌骨骨折均愈合,无内固定失败,膝关节功能恢复良好,优良率为100%。结论:关节镜下复位经皮中空拉力螺钉及张力带内固定治疗髌骨骨折,具有手术创伤小、固定牢固可靠、提高复位质量、关节功能恢复快等优点,是安全、有效、微创的方法。     

关节镜辅助下经皮撬拨复位空心钉内固定与复位内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效

目的探讨关节镜辅助下经皮撬拨复位空心钉内固定与复位内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效及对患者下肢功能运动和术后生活质量的影响。方法我院收治的96例胫骨平台骨折患者,根据手术方法不同分为观察组(关节镜辅助下经皮撬拨复位空心钉内固定)和对照组(切开复位内固定)各48例。比较两组临床疗效和术后并发症发生率,观察手术前后膝关节功能[美国特种外科医院(HSS)膝关节评分]和生活质量[健康调查简表(SF-36)]变化情况。结果观察组治疗优良率高于对照组,术后并发症发生率低于对照组(P 0. 05);术后6月,两组HSS膝关节评分、SF-36各维度评分均较术前升高(P 0. 05),且观察组HSS膝关节评分及在生理机能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、一般健康状况、精力方面的评分高于对照组(P 0. 05)。结论关节镜辅助下经皮撬拨复位空心钉内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折的疗效好、安全性高,可有效改善膝关节和下肢运动功能,提高生活质量。     

关节镜下与传统切开复位内固定治疗髌骨骨折的病例对照研究

目的比较关节镜辅助下和传统切开治疗髌骨骨折的临床疗效。方法将2012年9月至2014年9月间,21例采用关节镜辅助下微创治疗髌骨骨折(关节镜组)和21例采用传统切开复位内固定术(传统组)治疗髌骨骨折进行回顾性临床疗效评价和统计学分析。结果关节镜组患者平均切口长度、出血量、疼痛时间[分别为(2.1±0.2)cm、(10.6±3.1)ml、(1.9±0.4)d]显著短(少)于传统组[分别为(6.6±0.5)cm、(33.1±6.6)ml、(5.3±0.6)d];传统组中发现6例并发症,而关节镜组患者并未出现相应表现;根据美国特种外科医院(HSS)评分,术后关节功能优良率关节镜组(95.2%)亦显著高于传统组(61.9%)(χ2=5.09,P<0.025)。结论与传统切开复位内固定术相比,关节镜辅助下治疗髌骨骨折,不仅能够满足恢复髌骨解剖结构、确保软骨面平整、牢固内固定的要求,还能够冲洗关节腔积血、探查修复关节腔损伤,改善关节功能,是治疗髌骨骨折较理想的方法。     

关节镜下经皮空心螺钉联合钢丝环扎固定治疗非粉碎性髌骨骨折的疗效

目的探讨关节镜下经皮空心螺钉联合钢丝环扎固定治疗非粉碎性髌骨骨折的手术方法及临床疗效。方法将42例非粉碎性髌骨骨折患者根据手术固定方法的不同分为关节镜治疗组（22例）和传统切开复位组（20例）。关节镜治疗组采用关节镜下经皮空心螺钉联合钢丝环扎固定：传统切开复位组采用传统的切开复位空心螺钉张力带固定。对2组患者手术切口直径、术后骨折愈合时间、并发症（感染、活动受限、行走时疼痛）发生率及膝关节功能恢复情况等进行比较。结果2组患者术后均获得平均20个月的随访。关节镜治疗组的手术切口直径、术后骨折愈合时间及并发症发生率分别为（6．4±1．4）cm、（9．7±1．2）周及0．0％，传统切开复位组的手术切口、术后骨折愈合时间及并发症发生率分别为（8．3±1．3）cm、（12．1±1．7）周及25．0％，2组比较差异均有统计学意义（均P〈O．05）。膝关节功能按Lysholm评分：关节镜治疗组的膝关节功能评分为（85．3±3．4）分，传统切开复位组的膝关节功能评分为（83．0±4．61分，2组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。2组患者X线片复查均未见明显关节面不平，未见延迟愈合及不愈合。结论关节镜下经皮空心螺钉联合钢丝环扎固定可在直视下行骨折复位，术中可行关节腔冲洗，同时修补其他损伤组织，手术创伤小、并发症少，是治疗髌骨骨折的有效方法之一。     

关节镜辅助下经皮内固定与传统切开复位内固定治疗Schatzker Ⅰ～Ⅳ型胫骨平台骨折的疗效对比

目的探讨关节镜辅助下经皮钢板内固定与传统切开复位钢板内固定治疗Schatzker Ⅰ~Ⅳ型胫骨平台骨折的疗效对比。方法回顾性分析2014年7月-2016年7月该院收治的胫骨平台骨折患者60例的临床资料,其中采用关节镜辅助下经皮钢板内固定手术方式30例(观察组),采用传统切开复位钢板内固定手术方式30例(对照组),分别记录两组患者的手术指标、术后并发症发生率、膝关节最大活动角度及治疗优良率。结果观察组在手术指标及术后并发症发生率上优于对照组,观察组在膝关节最大活动角度及治疗优良率上优于对照组。结论通过临床观察,关节镜辅助下经皮钢板内固定比传统切开复位钢板内固定在治疗Schatzker Ⅰ~Ⅳ型胫骨平台骨折上获得了更加满意的手术疗效,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

髌骨爪结合有限内固定治疗粉碎性髌骨骨折

目的探讨髌骨爪结合有限内固定治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法采用分体式髌骨爪加克氏针、钢丝内固定治疗粉碎性髌骨骨折36例,根据髌骨骨折分型：本组均为粉碎性骨折,且有分离移位。结果 36例均获随访,随访时间6～36个月,平均15个月,骨折均愈合。按陆裕朴等膝关节功能评定法进行评定。优33例,良2例,可1例。结论髌骨爪结合有限克氏针内固定治疗粉碎性髌骨骨折,具有固定牢固,术后可早期活动,康复快、疗效确切。     

记忆合金髌骨爪与张力带钢丝治疗髌骨骨折的临床疗效对比

目的探讨记忆合金髌骨爪与张力带钢丝在治疗髌骨骨折中的疗效差异。方法 98例髌骨骨折患者,其中采用记忆合金髌骨爪内固定治疗48例(记忆合金髌骨爪组),采用张力带钢丝治疗50例(张力带钢丝组)。所有病例随访3～14个月,平均9个月。比较两组的手术时间、膝关节功能恢复的优良率及相关并发症的情况。结果术后膝关节功能恢复情况比较,记忆合金髌骨爪组优良率97.9%,张力带钢丝组优良率86%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组手术时间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后并发症中内固定滑脱松动、内固定物皮肤刺激两项记忆合金髌骨爪组明显少于张力带钢丝组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论记忆合金髌骨爪治疗髌骨骨折疗效优于改良张力带钢丝,是一种优良的内固定方法。     

Treatment of comminuted patellar fracture with the nitinol patellar concentrator

Aim To evaluate the clinical effect of the nitinol (NiTi)-patellar concentrator (NT-PC) for the treatment of comminuted patellar fractures. Material and methods A total of 32 patients with acute comminuted patellar fracture accepted open reduction and internal fixation with the NT-PC, and the curative effects were evaluated using the Böstman clinical grading scale. Results All fractures were anatomically reduced by surgery and all cases were followed-up for six to 18 months. The mean score of patients according to the Böstman clinical grading scale was 25.6, with 29 of 32 (90.7%) patients achieving excellent or good results. Two patients had traumatic arthritis, one had slippage of the NT-PC, and all patients received pharmacotherapy. Conclusions The application of the NT-PC is a satisfactory approach to the treatment of comminuted patellar fractures.     

人工胶及髌骨爪记忆合金治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折的疗效评价

目的评价髌骨粉碎性骨折的人工胶辅助复位及髌骨爪记忆合金固定的治疗效果。方法2003年1月至2005年1月我院收治髌骨粉碎性骨折病人36例,其中男性20例,女性16例;平均年龄45.2岁;髌骨体粉碎19例,下极粉碎17例。术中人工胶辅助复位及Ti-Ni髌骨爪记忆合金固定。手术前、后X线片对比,评价复位及愈合情况。随访6～18个月,平均15个月。结果术后关节面平整,基本解剖复位。关节面术前分离移位2.89±1.59cm,术后0.017±0.04cm,手术前后有显著性差异。术后关节面台阶0.1±0.19mm。骨折6～8周全部愈合。术后6周膝关节屈曲平均105°。术后随访未出现内固定失败、创伤性关节炎病例,1例伤口愈合不良。陆裕朴膝关节功能标准评定,优18例,良17例,中1例,优良率97.2%。结论髌骨粉碎性骨折的手术切开,人工胶辅助复位效果良好,髌骨爪记忆合金固定牢固,符合生物力学原则,功能恢复满意,并发症少,适合临床应用。     

髌骨周围去神经化对保留髌骨的全膝关节置换术术后影响的Meta分析

目的探讨行保留髌骨的全膝关节置换术(TKA)中行髌骨周围去神经化对术后膝前痛的发生率及关节功能的影响。方法计算机检索Pub Med、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、中国知网(CNKI)数据库,收集行保留髌骨的TKA的临床随机对照研究(RCT),试验组行髌骨周围去神经化,对照组未行髌骨周围去神经化,提取纳入研究的基本资料,对其进行质量评价分析,采用Revman 5.0软件对纳入研究进行Meta分析。结果共纳入7个研究,862例患者,其中试验组433例,对照组429例。分析表明髌骨周围去神经化减少保留髌骨的TKA术患者术后膝前痛的发生率(P<0.000 1)。然而WOMAC评分、关节活动度、KSS评分系统的膝评分、Feller髌骨评分两组相比没有统计学差异(P=0.33;P=0.06;P=0.12;P=0.77)。结论保留髌骨的TKA行髌骨周围去神经化减低膝前痛的发生,对关节功能并没有明显影响。     

Ultrasound in the evaluation of the knee and patellar regions

Studies were carried out in 25 patients (mean age, 34.2 years) with knee or patellar problems, using a real-time scanner. The contralateral leg, which was asymptomatic, was used as a control. Identification of the patellar bone and the area of insertion of the infrapatellar tendon was not difficult. The area of insertion was less echogenic than other parts of the tendon. Patchy, partial, or total ruptures could be identified using ultrasound. Sonolucent structures in cases of Baker's cyst were easily identified. The study revealed three partial suprapatellar tendon ruptures, three partial infrapatellar tendon ruptures, six old injuries of the infrapatellar tendon with fibrosis and scar tissue, one case of prepatellar bursitis, one parapatellar (cartilaginous) loose body, two intraarticular loose bodies (bony), and four cases of Baker's cyst, of which one was found to be ruptured. The differences in echogenicity of the tendons and surrounding soft tissues were more conspicuous using interposed Kiteko than with direct skin contact.     

Patellar tendonitis and patellar dislocations

Common sports injuries, such as patellar tendonitis and patellar dislocation, can be treated either surgically or with rehabilitation and physical therapy. Most patients with patellar tendonitis will respond well to conservative measures; however, some recalcitrant cases will require surgical intervention. To date, the literature is not able objectively to identify the patients best suited to surgery. Likewise, in the case of patellar dislocations, it is still unclear which patients respond best to conservative therapy and which respond best to surgical treatment, although evidence continues to accumulate. A practical approach to this problem can be deduced from the available evidence, but more well-designed clinical trials are needed for the establishment of definitive treatment protocols.     

Traumatic patellar tendinopathy

Purpose. In patellar tendinopathy, there is anterior knee pain with tenderness of the attachment of the patellar tendon over the lower pole of the patella. The condition is commonly associated with athletic overuse, but we have encountered it in some patients following direct blunt trauma to the anterior aspect of the knee. We describe the history and management of patients with traumatic patellar tendinopathy.

Method. Between April 2000 and August 2006, we managed eight otherwise healthy well trained athletes who developed signs and symptoms compatible with classical patellar tendinopathy after a direct trauma to the anterior aspect of the patellar tendon during sport activity.

Results. The clinical diagnosis of patellar tendinopathy was confirmed clinically and at imaging by MRI and ultrasound scans. Patients responded to conservative or surgical management, in the same way as patellar tendinopathy secondary to overuse.

Conclusion. A single direct traumatic event can lead to chronic tendon problems. Hence, in addition to overuse injury, patellar tendinopathy can follow a direct trauma and exhibit the same clinical features. Further research is required to better understand the pathophysiology of the clinical condition.     

MR imaging of patellar dislocation and relocation

Patellar dislocation and relocation (PDR) typically occurs suddenly after trauma or torsional stress on the extensor mechanism. Clinical evaluation after patellar dislocation/relocation usually reveals a swollen knee that is difficult to examine. Radiographs may show hemathroses and a minority of patients will have a chip fracture of the patella. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features seen with PDR include disruption or sprain of the medial retinaculum, lateral patellar tilt or subluxation, lateral femoral condylar and medical patellar osseous contusions, osteochondral injury, damage to Hoffa's fat pad, and joint effusion. Up to one third of patients will also show concomitant injury to the major ligaments of the knee or menisci. Without repair of the primary injury, redislocation occurs in greater than one half of patients. Consequently, surgical correction is often advocated. This article reviews the factors predisposing to PDR, the activities associated with PDR, the clinical, radiographic, and MR imaging features of PDR, and (briefly) therapy for this injury.     

Ultrasonographic detection of the patellar plica in the knee

In 39 knees of 38 patients, an ultrasonographic investigation of the patellofemoral space was performed to detect a plica synovialis. By arthroscopic control, we found a sensitivity for the ultrasonographic method of 92% and a specificity of 73%. The method, materials, and results are discussed in this paper.     

记忆聚髌器治疗髌骨骨折42例

选择1994-08/2004-02南宁市第一人民医院骨科采用钛镍记忆合金聚髌器治疗髌骨骨折42例,无一例感染及过敏反应,全部达到骨性愈合,无钛镍聚髌器脱落现象。疗效评估：优37例、良3例、差2例;26例粉碎性骨折疗效评估：优25例、良1例。提示钛镍记忆合金聚髌器是治疗髌骨骨折的良好内置物,并应作为粉碎性髌骨骨折的首选内置物。