手深度烧伤早期浅切痂植皮、功能锻炼治疗效果观察

目的探讨手部深度烧伤早期浅切痂植皮、功能锻炼治疗效果。方法对25例32只手深Ⅱ度及Ⅲ度烧伤患者,早期进行浅切痂自体大张中厚皮移植,皮片成活拆线后进行手部功能锻炼。结果本组患者全部治愈,随访6个月～2年,29只手功能与外观恢复优,2只手功能与外观恢复良,1只手功能恢复与外观差。结论早期浅切痂大张中厚自体皮移植及术后配合手部功能锻炼疗法,治疗手部深度烧伤,效果好,功能与外观恢复理想。     

植皮成活率及愈合时间与不同切痂术式的关系

目的:观察不同的切痂术式对肢体深度烧伤患者术中出血量、植皮成活率及创面愈合时间的影响,探寻更合适的肢体切痂的手术方式。方法:选择2001-06/2004-05济南市中心医院烧伤科收治的肢体Ⅲ度烧伤患者22例患者38个肢体,按入院先后顺序随机分为2组,逆行切痂组11例20个肢体,常规顺行切痂组11例18个肢体,患者均签署知情同意书且得到医院伦理道德委员会许可。两组患者于休克期平稳度过后分别做逆行切痂术和常规顺行切痂术,除关节功能部位移植大张中厚皮外,其他创面移植邮票皮片。术中收集止血纱布计算出血量,术后观察植皮成活率和创面愈合时间。结果:22例患者全部进入结果分析,无脱落。①逆行切痂组患者的1%体表面积切痂出血量显著低于常规顺行切痂组[(21.30±2.11,30.30±2.67)mL(P<0.01)]。②逆行切痂组患者的植皮成活率显著高于常规顺行切痂组[(83.45±5.57,73.27±5.06)%(P<0.01)]。③逆行切痂组患者的创面愈合时间显著短于常规顺行切痂组[(33.73±4.15,44.64±3.72)d(P<0.01)]。结论:逆行切痂能明显减少肢体深度烧伤患者的术中出血量,增加植皮成活率,缩短创面愈合时间,减少患者痛苦,值得推广应用。     

深度手烧伤早期切痂植皮治疗及功能康复

目的：为了防止手部深度烧伤后形成瘢痕挛缩畸形，以达到恢复手功能。方法：对深Ⅱ度或Ⅲ度于烧伤，于伤后2～10d，采用切痂植皮、大张厚中厚自体皮片覆盖创面，术后早期进行功能锻炼及持续弹力手套压迫。结果：对116只手(68例)用该方法治疗，均取得了满意的手术效果，手功能及外形良好者达到95％以上。结论：早期切痂时间以伤后1周以内为佳。手深度烧伤采用早期切痂植皮不但可防止手瘢痕挛缩，恢复手功能，而且又可缩短疗程，减轻病人精神痛苦和经济负担。     

大面积Ⅲ度烧伤三种植皮方法的临床效果比较

【目的】探讨大面积Ⅲ度烧伤三种手术方法的效果和特点。【方法】1985年1月至2008年12月应用保痂肉芽创面植皮、切痂微粒皮植皮、削痂微粒皮植皮三种治疗方法,处理156例大面积Ⅲ度烧伤创面并对治疗结果进行分析。【结果】创面平均愈合时间：保痂肉芽创面植皮组（65．6±9．8）d,切痂微粒皮植皮组（53．8±9．2）d,削痂微粒皮植皮组（45．5±9．5）d。保痂组病程长,病人消耗大,并发症发生率高,死亡几率增大;切痂组手术损伤重,对病人烧伤后第二次打击大,愈后外形和功能差,丧失了皮肤附属器,对功能康复影响大;削痂组创面愈合快,并发症少,疤痕平坦、柔软。【结论】伤后及时清除坏死组织,对创面进行有效的覆盖,对加快创面愈合,减少创面侵袭性感染,减少脓毒症的发生,保护各脏器的功能,缩短病程,减少医疗费用非常重要。削痂微粒皮植皮治疗大面积Ⅲ度烧伤,可保留皮肤组织的部分功能,减少疤痕,愈后外形和功能良好。     

Ⅲ度烧伤在浅筋膜上植皮的临床疗效观察

对中小面积Ⅲ度烧伤创面的修复，在加快创面愈合速度的同时，重视修复部位原有组织结构、外观形态和功能，提高愈合质量、降低严重畸形发生率是整形科医师追求的目标。本科2005年8月以来，选择部分Ⅲ度烧伤病例行削痂后在浅筋膜上植皮，效果满意。现将一组病例资料报告如下。     

16例大面积Ⅲ度烧伤患者削痂术后延期自体植皮体会

目的：观察延期断层浅筋膜创面（脂肪层）皮肤移植术治疗大面积Ⅲ度烧伤的临床效果。方法：对16例大面积深度烧伤创面行早期（1～3 d）削痂术,滚轴刀削除创面坏死组织至健康的浅筋膜界面,行异体（种）皮移植过渡,以后根据异体（种）皮排异脱落、移植床血运重建和自体供皮情况,有计划的更植自体皮。观察患者总体治愈情况、创面愈合效果及创面愈合后的外观及功能情况。结果：本组患者共16例,无一例出现死亡,治愈率为100%。于术后2～3周创面愈合,多数瘢痕较轻,外形饱满,功能满意。功能部位植入大张皮片有3例出现局灶性坏死,通过换药愈合创面。少部分小皮片坏死,皮片间的肉芽组织过度生长,通过刮除高出的肉芽组织,并行换药治疗,创面愈合。随访16例功能部位植皮患者中,13例其皮肤外观、弹性及功能恢复良好,3例有轻、中度的功能障碍。结论：大面积Ⅲ度烧伤采用延期断层浅筋膜创面皮肤移植术,既可有效预防或减少并发症的发生,提高治愈率,又可减轻瘢痕形成,且功能部位早期得以良好修复,从而提高创面愈合质量。     

Meek微型皮片移植修复大面积深度烧伤

背景:Meek植皮法是近5年来引进并陆续在国内多家医院采用的一项创面修复的新技术.目的:观察Meek微型皮片移植修复在大面积深度烧伤患者皮肤缺损的效果.方法:对16例大面积深度烧伤创面患者,采用早期切(削)痂后及晚期肉芽创面Meek植皮法植皮,其中6例选取Ⅲ度烧伤面积30%左右患者同一个体行相同面积Meek微型皮片植皮法,和自体小邮票植皮作为对照.结果与结论:采用Meek微型皮片植皮法皮片成活率65%～95%,创面愈合时间21～65 d.Meek微型皮片与自体邮票植皮相比缩短了手术时间,节省了皮源,创面愈合后瘢痕平整,挛缩率低,关节功能恢复良好.     

不同植皮治疗方法在救治大面积烧伤患者的临床疗效观察

目的通过对比分析，探讨大面积烧伤患者不同治疗方法的特点和效果。方法对2007年1月至2012年12月治疗的108例大面积烧伤患者根据个体情况分别采取保痂分次肉芽创面植皮、切痂微粒皮移植、削痂微粒皮移植三种治疗方法，对治疗结果进行分析。结果创面平均愈合时间：保痂分次肉芽创面植皮组（63．5±9．6）d，切痂微粒皮移植组（52．8±7．6）d，削痂微粒皮移植组（49．8±8．3）d。保痂组病程长，并发症发生率高，感染死亡几率大；切痂组手术病程短，但手术损伤重，愈后外观差，术后功能康复影响大；削痂组创面病程短，预后外观欠佳，术后功能影响相对小。结论伤后及时清除坏死组织，进行有效的覆盖，可减轻感染，减少并发症的发生，提高救治成功率，并且能有效缩短病程，减少医疗费用。削痂微粒皮移植治疗大面积III度烧伤，保留了皮肤及脂肪组织的部分功能，减轻了损伤，愈后外观和功能较好。     

Meek微型皮片移植修复大面积深度烧伤

背景：Meek植皮法是近5年来引进并陆续在国内多家医院采用的一项创面修复的新技术。目的：观察Meek微型皮片移植修复在大面积深度烧伤患者皮肤缺损的效果。方法：对16例大面积深度烧伤创面患者,采用早期切（削）痂后及晚期肉芽创面Meek植皮法植皮,其中6例选取Ⅲ度烧伤面积30%左右患者同一个体行相同面积Meek微型皮片植皮法,和自体小邮票植皮作为对照。结果与结论：采用Meek微型皮片植皮法皮片成活率65%～95%,创面愈合时间21～65d。Meek微型皮片与自体邮票植皮相比缩短了手术时间,节省了皮源,创面愈合后瘢痕平整,挛缩率低,关节功能恢复良好。     

大面积烧伤休克期削切痂植皮术的体会

目的 探讨休克期切、削痂植皮对改善烧伤治疗效果的作用.方法 对28例大面积烧伤休克期患者行削、切痂植皮.结果 住院时间显著缩短,创面愈合质量提高,功能恢复良好.结论 休克期切、削痂植皮及时封闭了创面,加速创面愈合,改善了愈合质量,促进了功能恢复.     

Facial eschar following a single application of black salve

A previously healthy 86-year-old male was transported by ambulance to the trauma bay of the emergency department (ED) for profuse bleeding from the left temple. The ambulance crew raised concern that the volume and force of the bleed may suggest arterial involvement. The patient reported having applied a natural topical remedy to a mole two weeks prior at the recommendation of a naturopath. The patient described progressive blackening and swelling of the area in the days following the single application of the product. After gaining control of the bleeding in the ED, the area was found to have a raised, 2?cm eschar.     

Silver-sulfadiazine eschar pigmentation mimics invasive wound infection: a case report

A 3-year-old girl with 52% TBSA scalds, mostly partial thickness, was treated topically with 5% mafenide acetate solution and 1% silver sulfadiazine cream. All blood cultures and wound swabs were negative for the first 5 days. On day 6 gram-negative bacteria and yeast forms were isolated from her wounds. High fever and leukocytosis were present and the child was treated with intravenous ampicillin and gentamicin according to sensitivity bacteriogram. The bacteria were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the yeast was Candida tropicalis. On day 7, Escherichia coli was identified in blood cultures and intravenous cefixime was added. Amphotericin B was added on day 9 when blood cultures grew Candida tropicalis and Burkholderia cepacia. On day 13 dark pigmentation foci developed on some areas of partial-thickness burns in the back, resembling invasive wound infection. White blood cell count was 14,300 cells/mm3, and her body temperature reached 39.7 degrees C. Cultures from the pigmented areas were negative, and biopsies revealed deposits of silver. Most of the areas healed uneventfully, and only about 8% TBSA needed grafting, including some of the pigmented areas. No residual pigmentation remained on discharge.     

Micafungin concentrations in the plasma and burn eschar of severely burned patients

Micafungin concentrations in plasma and burn eschar after daily intravenous infusion (1 h) of micafungin (200 to 300 mg) were investigated for six patients with severe burns. Micafungin treatment was initiated more than 72 h after the burn injuries. The peak and trough levels in the plasma after the initial administration and repeated administrations for more than 4 days were comparable with or slightly lower than the reported values for healthy volunteers. Micafungin concentrations in the plasma and burn eschar were between 3.6 and >1,000 times higher than the reported MIC(90)s of micafungin against clinically important Candida and Aspergillus species.     

The practical procedure of tumescent technique in burn surgery for excision of burn eschar

The tumescent technique, which involves injection of large volumes of dilute epinephrine solution into subcutaneous fat, has been shown to markedly increase the safety of liposuction surgery, which is associated with risks of blood loss. The authors use this technique during burn surgery and developed a practical method of determining the amount of solution injected. The authors have applied the tumescent technique consisting of subeschar infiltration of dilute epinephrine (1 mg/L) in thermoneutral (37 degrees C) saline. Preoperatively, a 5 x 5 cm square grid pattern is drawn on the burn wound, which facilitates estimation of the amount of infiltrated solution. The authors injected 20 ml of solution per square in the grid. Ten consecutive patients underwent 15 surgical procedures for tangential excision and split-thickness skin grafting. There were no complications during the intraoperative or postoperative period. Their method using a grid pattern drawn on the tissue being treated by the tumescent technique in burn surgery facilitates the excision of burn eschar.     

Pharmacokinetics and burn eschar penetration of intravenous ciprofloxacin in patients with major thermal injuries

Adequate penetration of antibiotics into burn tissue and maintenance of effective serum levels are essential for the treatment of patients sustaining major thermal injuries. The pharmacokinetics and burn eschar penetration of intravenous ciprofloxacin were determined in 12 critically ill patients with burn injuries. Mean age for the 12 patients was 45 +/- 17 (range 25-82 years), total body surface area burned (TBSAB) = 38 +/- 15% and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score = 8 +/- 6. Patients received recommended doses of ciprofloxacin, 400 mg q12h iv, for three doses beginning 72 h post-burn. Serum concentrations were measured at t = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 2.0, 4.0 and 12.0 h after the first and third doses. Burn eschar biopsies were obtained after the third ciprofloxacin dose. Three of these 12 patients (25%) manifested later signs of clinical sepsis (TBSAB = 61 +/- 6% and APACHE II score = 11 +/- 3) and underwent a second infusion of three doses of intravenous ciprofloxacin, blood sampling and eschar biopsy. Serum and eschar concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Serum ciprofloxacin concentrations were comparable to those of normal volunteers (C(max) = 4.0 +/- 1 mg/L and AUC = 11.4 +/- 2 mg.h/L) during the immediate post-burn period after dose 1 (C(max1) = 4.8 +/- 3 mg/L and AUC(0-12) = 12.5 +/- 7 mg. h/L) and dose 3 (C(max3) = 4.9 +/- 2 mg/L and AUC(24-36) = 17.5 +/- 11 mg.h/L). Mean burn eschar concentration during the 72 h post-burn was significantly lower than that found during clinical sepsis (18 +/- 17 compared with 41.3 +/- 54 microg/g; P < 0.05 by t test). Similar serum concentrations were achieved in patients with clinical sepsis (C(max1) = 4.2 +/- 0.2 mg/L and AUC(0-12) = 15.0 +/- 3 mg. h/L; C(max3) = 5.0 +/- 1 mg/L and AUC(24-36) = 22.8 +/- 9 mg.h/L). A positive correlation between burn eschar concentrations and C(max) (r = 0.71, r(2) = 0.51, P = 0.01) was found by linear regression analysis. A C(max)/MIC ratio > 10 (MIC = 0.5 mg/L) and an AUC/MIC ratio > 100 SIT(-1).h (serum inhibitory titre) (MIC = 0.125 mg/L) were achieved. High burn eschar concentrations and serum levels, similar to those found in normal volunteers, can be achieved after intravenous ciprofloxacin infusion in critically ill burns patients.     

瑞芬太尼静脉麻醉在大面积烧伤病人切痂植皮术中的应用

目的探讨瑞芬太尼静脉麻醉应用于大面积烧伤病人切痂植皮术麻醉的效果并与芬太尼对比。方法选择择期大面积烧伤病人切痂植皮术患者40例,随机分为瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚组(R组)和芬太尼复合丙泊酚组(F组)对照观察麻醉效果、苏醒情况和并发症。结果两组均达到满意麻醉效果。麻醉结束后R组呼吸恢复时间、意识清醒时间、拔管时间明显短于F组(F分别=4.45、5.37、6.29,P均<0.05);但术后主诉疼痛者也多于F组(χ2=4.96,P<0.05)。结论瑞芬太尼丙泊酚静脉麻醉用于大面积烧伤病人切痂植皮术效果满意,苏醒较快,有利于减少苏醒期呼吸抑制等并发症,但病人术后疼痛主诉较多,应及时给予术后镇痛药。     

Diagnosis of local infection of a burn by semiquantitative culture of the eschar surface.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether semiquantitative surface cultures of the burn eschar are as reliable or useful as the classic invasive biopsy culture method. We used eschars from patients with burns in an in vitro system. Lyophilized pigskin was used to validate our methodology. Because of its simplicity and high degree of sensitivity and specificity as compared with quantitative biopsy culture, semiquantitative surface culture has a place in burn wound surveillance.