Behavioral goal assessment in patients with persistent musculoskeletal pain

Identification and achievement of behavioral goals is an important issue in pain rehabilitation. For this dual purpose, we developed a patient-specific clinical tool—the Patient Goal Priority Questionnaire (PGPQ). Using the PGPQ, this study identifies patients' behavioral goals for physical therapy (PT) in a primary health care sample of patients with persistent musculoskeletal pain. In addition, this study examines the concurrent validity of the PGPQ in relation to a generic measure of disability, the Pain Disability Index (PDI). In all, 197 subjects participated in the study. The behavioral goals differed among the patients, comprehending several everyday activities and behaviors, and thus an individualized and behavioral focus was relevant for these patients. The PGPQ was negatively and moderately correlated with the PDI, indicating patient-specific properties of the new instrument. An elaborated version of the PGPQ can serve (a) as a clinical tool for identification of the patient's priorities of behavioral goals for PT, (b) as a clinical tool for collaborative formative evaluation during treatment, and (c) as a complementary measure in research for assessment of clinically significant changes related to behavioral performance.     

开胸术后患者疼痛因素分析及护理

目的:探讨开胸术后患者疼痛的原因,对其疼痛因素进行分析,并在术后进行护理干预,观察其疗效。方法:2010年9月～2011年6月我院共收治胸外科手术患者134例,分析并总结术后疼痛因素,并采取必要的措施,加强开胸术后疼痛的护理。结果:术后多种原因诱发疼痛,其中主要为手术本身因素引起的疼痛,心理因素次之。结论:提高对术后疼痛因素的了解及控制水平,并采取有效的护理对策,可以有效地减轻患者术后疼痛,提高患者的生活质量。     

急性疼痛服务组织对开胸术后病人疼痛控制的方法与效果

目的探讨术后急性疼痛服务组织对肺癌病人行开胸术后的病区镇痛管理模式的应用与效果。方法 2009年建立及运用急性疼痛服务组织,并实施包括培训医护人员、病人及家属的健康教育、预见性疼痛评估和急性疼痛护士及时镇痛反馈等方法进行疼痛护理,并与实施前肺癌开胸术病人镇痛满意度、肺部并发症、远期慢性疼痛发生率等进行比较。结果实施急性疼痛服务组织后,开胸术后病人镇痛满意度提高(P<0.01),肺部并发症、远期慢性疼痛发生率下降(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论融合病区规范化镇痛管理模式的急性疼痛服务组织能提高病人镇痛满意度,有利于降低由于开胸手术导致的肺部并发症和急、慢性疼痛的发生率。     

疼痛规范管理对开胸术患者术后早期疼痛控制的效果观察

目的探讨疼痛规范管理对开胸术患者术后早期疼痛的控制效果。方法将本院2011年1月—2012年8月收治的200例开胸患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组100例。观察组予以疼痛规范管理,对照组给予传统的疼痛护理管理,对比2组的疼痛控制效果并总结分析。结果经过疼痛规范管理后,观察组将术后24 h伤口疼痛分数>3分患者的疼痛分值均小于对照组;观察组重度以上疼痛患者明显少于对照组。结论疼痛规范管理可以提高开胸患者术后的疼痛控制效果,有利于患者术后的早期康复。     

Self-compassion in patients with persistent musculoskeletal pain: relationship of self-compassion to adjustment to persistent pain

ContextSelf-compassion entails qualities such as kindness and understanding toward oneself in difficult circumstances and may influence adjustment to persistent pain. Self-compassion may be a particularly influential factor in pain adjustment for obese individuals who suffer from persistent pain, as they often experience heightened levels of pain and lower levels of psychological functioning.ObjectivesThe purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship of self-compassion to pain, psychological functioning, pain coping, and disability among patients who have persistent musculoskeletal pain and who are obese.MethodsEighty-eight obese patients with persistent pain completed a paper-and-pencil self-report assessment measure before or after their appointment with their anesthesiologist.ResultsHierarchical linear regression analyses demonstrated that even after controlling for important demographic variables, self-compassion was a significant predictor of negative affect (β = ?0.48, P < 0.001), positive affect (β = 0.29, P = 0.01), pain catastrophizing (β = ?0.32, P = 0.003), and pain disability (β = ?0.24, P < 0.05).ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that self-compassion may be important in explaining the variability in pain adjustment among patients who have persistent musculoskeletal pain and are obese.     

酒依赖病人戒酒时间对开胸术后疼痛控制影响的研究

[目的]探讨酒依赖病人行开胸术术前戒酒时间对术后疼痛控制的影响,寻找开胸术前理想戒酒时间。[方法]将符合条件的155例病人在入院时要求戒酒,根据病人术前实际戒酒时间分为A、B、C 3组,A组戒酒0d～3d(n=52),B组戒酒4d～7d(n=53),C组戒酒8d～10d(n=50),对比3组病人术后48h镇痛药物使用剂量、镇痛满意度。[结果]B组镇痛药物使用剂量、镇痛满意度优于A组,但差异无统计学意义;C组镇痛药物使用剂量、镇痛满意度均优于A组和B组(P<0.05)。[结论]为保证开胸术后镇痛效果,酒依赖病人术前理想戒酒时间应>7d。     

Somatosensory function in patients with and without pain after traumatic peripheral nerve injury

Why traumatic injuries to the peripheral nervous system infrequently result in neuropathic pain is still unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the somatosensory system in patients with traumatic peripheral nerve injury with and without pain to try to unravel possible links to mechanisms underlying development and maintenance of pain. Eighteen patients with spontaneous ongoing pain and 16 patients without pain after unilateral partial peripheral traumatic nerve injury were studied. In the area of partial denervation and in the corresponding contralateral area perception thresholds to warmth, cold, light touch, pressure pain, cold‐ and heat pain were assessed as were pain intensities at suprathreshold heat pain stimulation. Comparing sides patients with pain reported allodynia to cold (p = 0.03) and pressure (p = 0.016) in conjunction with an increase in the perception threshold to non‐painful warmth (p = 0.024) on the injured side. Pain‐free patients reported hypoesthesia to light touch (p = 0.002), cold (p = 0.039) and warmth (p = 0.001) on the injured side. There were no side differences in stimulus–response functions using painful heat stimuli in any of the groups. In addition, no significant difference could be demonstrated in any sensory modality comparing side‐to‐side differences between the two groups. In conclusion, increased pain sensitivity to cold and pressure was found on the injured side in pain patients, pointing to hyperexcitability in the pain system, a finding not verified by a more challenging analysis of side‐to‐side differences between patients with and without pain.     

Perioperative ketamine does not prevent chronic pain after thoracotomy

Thoracotomy is often responsible for chronic pain, possibly of neuropathic origin. To confirm preclinical studies, the preventive effects of perioperative ketamine were tested in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial on persistent neuropathic pain after thoracotomy. Eighty‐six patients scheduled for thoracotomy under standardised general anaesthesia were randomised to receive either ketamine (1mgkg⁻¹ at the induction, 1mgkg⁻¹h⁻¹ during surgery, then 1mgkg⁻¹ during 24h; n=42) or normal saline (n=44). Postoperative analgesia included a single dose of intrapleural ropivacaine, intravenous paracetamol and nefopam, and patient‐controlled intravenous morphine. Vital parameters and analgesia were recorded during the 48 first postoperative hours. Seventy‐three patients were followed up. The patient's chest was examined 1–2 weeks, 6 weeks and 4 months after surgery. At the last two observations, spontaneous pain score over a one‐week period (visual analogue scale), neuropathic pain score (NPSI), and intake of analgesics, were assessed. No drug affecting neuropathic pain (except opiates) was given during the follow‐up. Two patients in each group were lost to follow‐up after the 6 week visit. Ketamine improved immediate postoperative pain, but the groups were similar in terms of neuropathic pain and intake of analgesics, 6 weeks (NPSI score: ketamine: 1.25 [0–4.125]; placebo: 1 [0–4]) and 4 months after surgery. Thus, ketamine given in 24‐h infusion failed to prevent chronic neuropathic pain after thoracotomy. Other perioperative preventive long‐lasting treatments or techniques could be tested in this context.     

超前镇痛对肺癌病人开胸术后急性疼痛控制影响的研究

[目的]探讨超前镇痛对肺癌病人术后急性疼痛控制的影响。[方法]选择符合条件的100例肺癌病人,随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组实施传统镇痛模式,观察组实施超前镇痛模式。术后用视觉模拟评分法评估术后2h、4h、8h、24h、48h疼痛程度;同时观察术后拔胸腔引流管、首次下床活动时间及术后并发症发生情况。[结果]观察组病人疼痛评分明显低于对照组（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）,拔胸腔引流管时间及首次下床活动时间明显早于对照组（P〈0．01）,术后并发症发生率比对照组明显减少（P〈0．05）。[结论]超前镇痛能显著改善肺癌病人开胸术后急性疼痛,能提高镇痛质量,促进病人康复。     

超前镇痛对肺癌病人开胸术后急性疼痛控制影响的研究

[目的]探讨超前镇痛对肺癌病人术后急性疼痛控制的影响.[方法]选择符合条件的100例肺癌病人,随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组实施传统镇痛模式,观察组实施超前镇痛模式.术后用视觉模拟评分法评估术后2 h、4 h、8 h、24 h、48 h疼痛程度;同时观察术后拔胸腔引流管、首次下床活动时间及术后并发症发生情况.[结果]观察组病人疼痛评分明显低于对照组(P<0.01或P<0.05),拔胸腔引流管时间及首次下床活动时间明显早于对照组(P<0.01),术后并发症发生率比对照组明显减少(P<0.05).[结论]超前镇痛能显著改善肺癌病人开胸术后急性疼痛,能提高镇痛质量,促进病人康复.     

Morphine pharmacokinetics and pain assessment after intracerebroventricular administration in patients with terminal cancer

Morphine pharmacokinetics and pain relief were evaluated after intracerebroventricular administration of morphine (0.4 +/- 0.11 mg) in seven patients with cancer suffering from intractable pain. Ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), lumbar CSF, and plasma morphine concentrations were analyzed by a specific morphine radioimmunoassay. A two-compartment model was sufficient to describe the kinetics of morphine in ventricular CSF. Morphine diffuses to the lumbar level, and the mean maximum concentration was 192 +/- 105 ng/ml at 4.5 +/- 1.3 hours. Ventricular and lumbar CSF morphine kinetics showed a similar decline during the elimination phase, with terminal half-lives of 3.8 +/- 0.6 hours and 4.2 +/- 1.6 hours, respectively. Pain relief was evaluated by a visual analog scale: the test showed a rapid onset of analgesia (less than 10 minutes). Analgesic effectiveness reached a maximum between 6 and 10 hours. The relationship between pharmacologic effect and morphine concentrations in ventricular CSF resulted in an anticlockwise hysteresis curve. The presence of morphine in lumbar CSF suggested an additive spinal action of morphine, which probably plays a role in the duration of analgesia.     

Predictors of persistent neck pain after whiplash injury

Objective

To establish the aetiological influences of persistent neck pain following a motor vehicle collision and to construct a model for use in the emergency department for identifying patients at high risk of persistent symptoms.

Design

Prospective cohort study. Patients recruited from hospital emergency departments were sent a questionnaire to gather information on various exposures. They were followed up at 1, 3, and 12 months to identify those with persistent symptoms.

Main outcome measure

Persistent neck pain (pain at 1, 3, and 12 months after collision).

Results

The baseline survey included 765 patients. Subsequently, 480 completed a questionnaire at each follow up time point, of whom 128 (27%) reported neck pain on each occasion. Few collision specific factors predicted persistent neck pain. In contrast, a high level of general psychological distress, pre‐collision history of widespread body pain, type of vehicle, whiplash associated symptoms, and initial neck disability best predicted the persistence of symptoms. Furthermore, these factors, in combination, accounted for more than a fivefold increase in the risk of persistent neck pain.

Conclusion

The greatest predictors of persistent neck pain following a motor vehicle collision relate to psychological distress and aspects of pre‐collision health rather than to various attributes of the collision itself. With these factors, and those relating to initial injury severity, it is possible to identify a subgroup of patients presenting with neck pain with the highest risk of persistent symptoms. Thus, it is possible to identify whiplash patients with a poor prognosis and to provide closer follow up and specific attention to management in these individuals.     

融合超前镇痛护理理念的急性疼痛服务体系对开胸术后慢性疼痛的影响研究

开胸术后慢性疼痛是指术后持续至少2个月的切口疼痛,以自发痛、牵涉痛、痛觉过敏和痛觉超敏为特征。国外文献报道开胸术后慢性疼痛发生率高达50%~80%[1,2],但国内开胸术后慢性疼痛未受到重视。手术和创伤是慢性疼痛的主要病因[3,4]。研究发现开胸术后慢性疼痛与急性疼痛的程度、性质和处理方式有关[5]。针对该情况,我院在2009年建立及运用术     

慢性疼痛的综合评估与治疗

慢性疼痛成为 2 1世纪最普遍、花费最高的健康问题之一 ,严重或持久的疼痛能影响身体的各个系统 ,引起潜在的、严重的健康问题。医护人员应从身体状况、情感因素、精神以及社会关系方面对慢性疼痛病人给予正确而全面地评估 ,并给予综合治疗。