血管内超声技术在介入治疗急性冠脉综合征中的应用研究

目的探讨血管内超声（IVUS）在介入治疗急性冠脉综合征（ACS）中的临床价值。方法65例ACS患者,35例在IVUS指导下实施支架置入术为治疗组,30例直接支架置入术患者为对照组,术后随访1年,观察两组患者心绞痛等心血管不良事件发生率。结果治疗组支架置入后IVUS检查,3例贴壁欠佳,7例支架未充分扩张,使用高压球囊高压扩张（18-20atm）后复查IVUS达到满意标准,其余25例达到满意标准;支架置入后,斑块面积显著减少（P〈0．01）,病变处最小管腔面积、最小管腔直径显著增加（P〈0．01）。对照组30例支架置入后,CAG提示贴壁良好,TIMI血流3级。随访1年,治疗组1例出现心绞痛,3例偶发性室性早搏;对照组6例出现心绞痛,4例频发室性早搏,5例出现劳力性胸闷。结论IVUS能准确测量血管直径、病变处血管腔面积及斑块面积,同时能分析病变偏心程度及斑块特征,因此可指导选择支架的规格,支架置入后可观察支架的位置、比邻关系、贴壁情况,支架扩张程度,是评价冠脉支架置人较理想的方法。     

血管内超声在急性冠脉综合征中的运用价值

目的分析急性冠脉综合征患者冠状动脉造影(CAG)及血管内超声(IVUS)检查数据,探讨血管内超声在定量分析冠状动脉临界病变管腔狭窄率,斑块性质,评价经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗效果中的作用。研究血管内超声(IVUS)在急性冠脉综合征(ACS)临界病变中的应用价值。方法 2010年1月—2014年3月大同市三医院心内科32例根据临床表现诊断为ACS患者,行冠状动脉造影评估患者左主干(LM)、左前降支(LAD)、左回旋支(LCX)、右冠状动脉(RCA)的管腔狭窄情况;冠状动脉造影发现狭窄≥70%病变直接行PCI,临界病变血管段进行IVUS检测,观察血管壁的形态结构,分析动脉粥样硬化斑块的类型、性质及其狭窄程度,对符合PCI干预指征的病变行PCI术。PCI术后行IVUS检查即刻评价支架置入是否理想、是否合并手术并发症。结果 32例患者中CAG发现冠脉血管12支17处病变管腔直径狭窄率≥70%,予直接行支架植入术,共植入17枚支架;CAG测得38处管腔直径狭窄率为50%~70%(临界病变),经IVUS测得有33处病变管腔狭窄率≥70%,涉及28位患者,共置入33枚支架,单支架23例,双支架5例;3CAG与IVUS检测的38处临界病变处直径狭窄率及管腔面积狭窄率(斑块负荷)比较,IVUS测值显著高于CAG测值有统计学意义(P0.01)。术后行IVUS检查示均显示支架完全贴壁、扩张充分、展开均匀、完全覆盖病变,未发现冠脉内夹层形成、壁内血肿、支架断裂等PCI术后并发症。结论 CAG不同程度地低估了冠状动脉临界病变狭窄,IVUS与CAG相比发现的临界病变管腔狭窄率诊断更精确。IVUS对斑块定性较CAG更优。更能准确选择临界病变支架置入的适应证。IVUS能明确冠状动脉临界病变的性质和狭窄程度。     

血管内超声技术对冠心病介入性诊疗中临床价值的研究

目的：探讨血管内超声（IVUS）在冠状动脉粥样硬化诊断、指导及评价经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）中的作用。方法：对106例行冠状动脉造影（CAG）患者的152处冠状动脉血管段于支架置入术前、67处血管段于术后及21处于高压球囊扩张后进行IVUS检测。结果：IVUS在显示血管壁的形态结构、斑块的性质方面敏感性高于CAG检查，诊断冠心病更准确，血管造影低估冠脉病变的严重程度；本组152处血管，经CAG和IVUS检查符合介入治疗干预指征的血管67处，IVUS指导置入支架的大小、长度以及置入的位置，支架置入术后，血管总截面积、管腔面积增加，斑块面积及面积狭窄率降低；高压球囊扩张前后斑块面积差异无显著性，血管总截面积、管腔面积、面积狭窄率有显著性差异。结论：IVUS诊断冠心病的敏感性和特异性均为100％，IVUS是诊断冠心病的金标准；IVUS能准确选择支架置入的适应症、帮助选择支架大小，支架置入后可精确评价支架扩张是否充分。血管内超声是目前指导支架置入和评价支架置入效果的最佳手段。     

血管内超声与定量冠脉造影应用于冠脉临界病变诊治的比较

目的 研究血管内超声（intravascular ultrasound,IVUS）在优化民航飞行员冠脉临界病变诊断和治疗中的应用。 方法 通过定量冠脉造影（quantitative coronary angiography,QCA）和IVUS对120例飞行员患者165处冠脉临界病的最小管腔直径（minimal lumen diameter,MLD）、直径狭窄率（diamter stenosis,DS）与最小管腔面积（minimal lumen area,MLA）、面积狭窄率（area stenosis,AS）等参数进行对比分析;对IVUS提示管腔MLA<4 mm2飞行员患者的冠脉临界病变行支架植入术。 结果 ①同一临界病变处QCA显示的MLD,DS及MLA,AS值均小于IVUS相应的测量值,且差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）,表明IVUS对冠脉病变狭窄定量测量方面准确性更高;②IVUS提高血栓病变（15.0% vs. 2.5%,P<0.05）和心肌桥（42.5% vs. 2.5%,P<0.01）的诊断率;③与QCA相比,IVUS直接显示介入治疗中支架的贴壁情况,指导支架扩张完全。 结论 IVUS较QCA能更准确地检测冠脉临界病变范围,更灵敏地诊断血栓和心肌桥,利于全面优化临界病变的诊疗。     

血管内超声和光学相干断层成像在冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用价值

冠状动脉(冠脉)造影仅能提供血管腔的影像,不能反应血管壁和粥样硬化斑块本身的信息,血管内超声(IVUS)和光学相干断层成像(OCT)则可补充之,获得连续血管横断面图像,对斑块进行定性定量分析,识别易损斑块,判断临界病变的严重程度,指导冠脉介入治疗(PCI),并观察支架扩张、贴壁和内膜修复及增生情况,发现晚期支架贴壁不良和断裂等.应用IVUS和OCT指导PCI可显著降低心血管不良事件的发生.两者主要区别在于分辨率相差10倍,IVUS成像较模糊,而OCT更清晰,两者合一、互相补充是发展方向.     

冠状动脉血管内超声在冠状动脉支架置入术中的应用价值

目的探讨冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)冠状动脉(冠脉)血管内超声(IVUS)病变特点及IVUS在冠脉支架置入术中的应用价值。方法选取2016年5月~2017年3月于郑州大学附属洛阳中心医院就诊的68例冠心病患者,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组各34例。两组均接受IVUS检查,同时对照组经冠状动脉造影(CAG)指导实施冠脉支架置入术,观察组经IVUS指导实施冠脉支架置入术。统计分析冠脉病变IVUS检查特征、治疗前后病变血管最狭窄部位最小血管直径(MLD)、斑块负荷、直径狭窄率(DS)变化情况、支架置入率及达标率,并于1年后随访,统计对比两组心脏事件发生率。结果 IVUS检查可知68例患者中,冠脉狭窄程度70%者占11.76%,最小管腔面积4 mm~2者占50.00%;治疗后两组MLD较治疗前增加,斑块负荷及DS较治疗前减小,且观察组MLD高于对照组,斑块负荷及DS小于对照组(P0.05);观察组支架置入率94.12%及达标率88.24%高于对照组(70.59%、64.71%,P0.05);两组心血管事件发生率比较,观察组11.76%低于对照组20.58%,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经IVUS检查可有效检出冠心病冠脉病变特征,于其辅助下实施冠脉支架置入术效果显著,可有效增加血管直径,减小斑块负荷,提高支架置入率及达标率,降低不良心血管事件发生风险,具有推广价值。     

冠心病患者血管内超声与冠状动脉造影术的比较

目的:观察血管内超声(IVUS)在冠状动脉粥样硬化诊断、指导及评价经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)中的作用。方法:对31例行冠状动脉造影(CAG)患者的33处冠状动脉血管段于支架置入术前、术后及球囊扩张后行IVUS检测。结果:IVUS在显示血管壁的形态结构、斑块的性质方面敏感性高于CAG检查,诊断冠心病更准确,CAG低估冠状动脉病变的严重程度;本组38处血管,经CAG和IVUS检查符合介入治疗干预指征的血管33处,IVUS指导植入支架的大小、长度以及植入的位置,支架植入术后,血管总截面积、管腔面积增加,斑块面积及面积狭窄率降低。结论:IVUS诊断冠心病的敏感性和特异性均为100%,IVUS是诊断冠心     

血管内超声在临界病变中诊断的应用

血管内超声(IVUS)是近年来应用于冠状动脉病变检测的特殊技术之一,能够对冠状动脉血管病变进行精确的定性和定量评价.与冠状动脉造影技术不同的是,IVUS能提供冠状动脉血管横截面的图像,不仅能够能让我们了解病变处管腔的具体形态,还可以进一步显示血管壁结构,做到对冠脉病变更准确的分析,尤其是临界病变中的应用,能够更好对临界病变做出诊断并指导我们对于临界病变治疗方案的选择.     

无预扩张直接冠状动脉内支架置入术

目的　探讨无预扩张直接冠状动脉内支架置入术的可行性及临床效果。方法　参照国外直接冠状动脉内支架置入术标准 ,对 2 7例冠心病患者进行无预扩张直接冠状动脉内支架置入术。结果　 2 7例患者共 2 8处病变 ,置入 2 8个支架 ,其中 A型病变 14例 ,B1 型病变 10例 ,B2 型病变 4例。置入支架前管腔狭窄程度为 78.2 %± 5 .6% ,支架置入后血管残存狭窄程度为 0 .9%± 1.4% ,支架置入成功率为 10 0 % ,无并发症发生。术后随访 1年 ,2例患者出现心绞痛 ,冠状动脉造影证实 1例患者出现支架内再狭窄。结论　正确选择适应证的情况下 ,无预扩张直接冠状动脉内支架置入术是一种安全有效的治疗方法 ,可获得较好的近、远期临床效果     

ApoB/A1比值与支架内再狭窄相关性研究

目的 研究ApoB/A1比值与冠状动脉支架内再狭窄发生率的相关性.方法 选取182例行冠状动脉支架置入术并于48～52周后复查冠状动脉造影患者,分别于支架置入术前及1年后复查时检测TC、LDL、HDL、TG、LP（a）、LDL/HDL、ApoB、ApoA1、ApoB/A1比值,并进行比较分析,统计介入治疗所在冠脉病变的最小管腔内径、参考血管内径、管腔狭窄率、管腔病变长度和管腔病变内径.结果 ①1年后随访时支架内再狭窄组的ApoB/A1比值和ApoB水平显著高于无狭窄组[（0.87±0.25）比（0.75±0.23）,P〈0.01,（0.85±0.24）g/L比（0.77±0.24）g/L,P〈0.05）].②高水平ApoB/A1组（ApoB/A1＆gt;1）支架内再狭窄的发生率（67.7%）显著高于中等水平（1.0＆gt;ApoB/A1＆gt;0.7）及低水平（ApoB/A1〈0.7）ApoB/A1组支架内再狭窄发生率（P〈0.05）,其中中等水平组支架内再狭窄发生率为32.7%,低水平组的发生率为11.1%.③多因素回归分析显示,冠心病患者支架置入术后1年随访时高水平ApoB/A1是支架内再狭窄发生的独立危险因素（P〈0.01,风险比2.40,95%可信区间2.206～3.078）.结论 高水平ApoB/A1比值是冠状动脉支架内再狭窄发生的独立危险因素.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.